The Yak1p kinase controls expression of adhesins and biofilm formation in Candida glabrata in a Sir4p‐dependent pathway
Abstract
Biofilm is the predominant type of microbial development in natural environments, and potentially represents a major form of resistance or source of recurrence during host infection. Although a large number of studies have focussed on the genetics of bacterial biofilm formation, very little is known about the genes involved in this type of growth in fungi. A genetic screen for Candida glabrata Biofilm mutants was performed using a 96-well plate model of biofilm formation. Study of the isolated mutant strains allowed the identification of four genes involved in biofilm formation (RIF1, SIR4, EPA6 and YAK1). Epa6p is a newly identified adhesin required for biofilm formation in this pathogenic yeast. EPA6 and its close paralogue EPA7 are located in subtelomeric regions and their transcription is regulated by Sir4p and Rif1p, two proteins involved in subtelomeric silencing. Biofilm growth conditions induce the transcription of EPA6 and EPA7: this is dependent on the presence of an intact subtelomeric silencing machinery and is independent of the Mpk1p signalling pathway. Finally, the kinase Yak1p is required for expression of both adhesin genes and acts through a subtelomeric silencing machinery-dependent pathway.
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SIR4 is a protein involved in subtelomeric silencing and regulation of biofilm formation.
“a protein involved in subtelomeric silencing and regulation of biofilm formation (Iraqui et al., 2004).”
From Genome Comparisons of Candida glabrata Serial Clinical Isolates Reveal Patterns of Genetic Variation in Infecting Clonal Populations (2019) · cites this paper as Iraqui et al., 2004
The adhesin encoded by EPA6 plays a central role in biofilm formation in C. glabrata.
“Among these, the adhesin encoded by the EPA6 gene, which is regulated by multiple factors including the CgYak1p kinase, subtelomeric silencing, chromatin remodeling Swi/Snf complex components and the transcriptional factor CgCst6, plays a central role [36,37,53].”
From Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye (2019) · cites this paper as [37]
Other adhesins, cell wall proteins and RNA polymerase II mediator complex subunits including Epa3, Epa7, Epa12, Awp4-6, Pwp1, Pwp3, Med12, Med13 and Med15 have also been implicated in biofilm formation.
“Additionally, other adhesins, cell wall proteins and RNA polymerase II mediator complex subunits including Epa3, Epa7, Epa12, Awp4–6, Pwp1, Pwp3, Med12, Med13 and Med15 have also been implicated in biofilm formation [36,37,40,53,54].”
From Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye (2019) · cites this paper as [37]
Cell wall fluctuations, immunoevasion, and intracellular persistence may be crucial factors in the great ability of Candida glabrata to persist during multiple antifungal treatments and to develop multidrug resistance.
“Cell wall fluctuations, but mostly its immunoevasion and intracellular persistence, may be the crucial factors in the great ability of C. glabrata to persist in the course of multiple antifungal treatments and to develop multidrug resistance [69,70].”
From Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? (2017) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Iraqui, I., Garcia‐Sanchez, S., Aubert, S., Dromer, F., Ghigo, J., D’Enfert, C., & Janbon, G.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Janbon, Guilhem
- Venue
- Molecular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-01-12
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1259-1271
- ISSN
- 0950-382X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2958
- OpenAlex
- W2088182993
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Keywords
- Candida glabrata, biofilm formation, adhesins, transcriptional regulation, pathogenic yeasts
- MeSH terms
- Cell Adhesion, Fungal Proteins, Genotype, Kinetics, Protein Kinases, Transcription, Genetic, Telomere, Biofilms, Gene Silencing, Candida glabrata
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