Cited by 66Algal biology and biofuel productionMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionPlant biochemistry and biosynthesis

Genetically engineered microalgae for enhanced bioactive compounds

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Ahmad Kamal, Ahmad Hanafi, Mohd Hamidi, Nor Farahdevah, Zakaria, Muhammad Faiz, Ahmad, Aziz, Harun, Mohd Razif, Chandra Segaran, Thirukanthan, Jusoh, Malinna·2024·Discover Applied Sciences

Abstract

Microalgae are naturally rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, pigments, minerals, and vitamins. These metabolites make them a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds in nutraceuticals, food, feed for aquaculture, and biofuels. Genetic engineering of the existing strains remains crucial in utilising and upscaling microalgae-based biorefineries. CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs, and genetic transformation are the established tools utilised in microalgae genetic engineering. The common genetic transformation methods include electroporation, particle bombardment (biolistics), glass-bead agitation, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression vectors and promoters are the prerequisites in genetic engineering. The present accessibility of genome sequences and omics datasets from a diverse array of microalgae species holds promise for catalyzing strategic progress in developing a superior microalgae strain suitable for numerous applications. This paper describes the genetic engineering to enhance microalgae biomass and metabolite production, particularly lipids. The advantages and precautions to fulfil the future application of genetically engineered microalgae are also reviewed and addressed.

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  • Integration of microalgal biotechnology unfolds along two convergent fronts: genetic improvement of strains to enhance the yield of biomolecules of interest, and application of these biological advances in scalable operational regimes with cultivation intensification through higher cell density and integration into existing industrial flows.

    “This integration unfolds primarily along two convergent fronts: (i) genetic improvement of strains to enhance the yield of biomolecules of interest—such as proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and pigments—through tools ranging from targeted mutagenesis to synthetic biology and metabolic optimization; and (ii) the application of these biological advances in scalable operational regimes, such as”

    From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Ahmad Kamal et al., 2024

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  1. George J. Exploring genetic engineering strategies to enable heterologous monoterpenoid production in model microalgae, Chla- mydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum [PhD Thesis]. Open Publications of UTS Scholars. University of Technology Sydney; 2021.

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Authors
Ahmad Kamal, A. H., Mohd Hamidi, N. F., Zakaria, M. F., Ahmad, A., Harun, M. R., Chandra Segaran, T., & Jusoh, M.
Affiliations
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (MY)
Corresponding author
Jusoh, Malinna
Venue
Discover Applied Sciences
Published
2024-09-09
Volume
6
Issue
9
ISSN
3004-9261 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4402363159
Cited by
66
References
173
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 2
FWCI
4.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Discover Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (TAPERG/2022/UMT/1441)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Keywords
bioactive compounds, lipid production, CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, zinc finger nucleases, genetic transformation, electroporation, particle bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, expression vectors, promoter, microalgae biorefinery, nutraceuticals, aquaculture feed, biofuels

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