Cited by 244Aquaculture Nutrition and GrowthAquaculture disease management and microbiotaAlgal biology and biofuel production

Applications of microalga Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture

Ahmad, Muhammad Talba, Shariff, Mohamed, Md. Yusoff, Fatimah, Goh, Yong Meng, Banerjee, Sanjoy·2020·Reviews in Aquaculture

Abstract

Abstract Microalgae biomass is used in aquaculture as feed, growth enhancers and immunostimulants. Chlorella vulgaris is an important species with a good biomolecular composition. Commercially, it is one of the most commonly used microalga in aquaculture. Several studies confirmed its ability to improve nutrition, immunity, aquatic bioremediation, amelioration of stress, disease resistance of fish and inhibits bacterial quorum sensing when used appropriately. Despite claims of its benefits, C. vulgaris is reported to have unfavourable effects when incorporated in diets at higher inclusion levels. In addition, its rigid cell wall might restrict the access of digestive enzymes to the intracellular components for proper digestion and assimilation. Thus, this review discusses the role of C. vulgaris and its importance in aquaculture with emphasis on its environmental requirements, morphology, pigments, digestibility, dynamics on growth performance, antibacterial activity, bacterial quorum sensing, immunomodulatory effect, anti‐stress effect, gut microbiome, aquatic bioremediation and its safety as food or feed.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/raq.12320

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  • Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. stimulate phagocytosis, increase white blood cell count, and enhance the expression of cytokine genes, playing a crucial role in immune response.

    “More precisely, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. stimulate phagocytosis, increase white blood cell count, and enhance the expression of cytokine genes, playing a crucial role in immune response.”
  • Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. have the potential to replace fish oil and fish meal in diets, enhancing growth and meat quality, stimulating immunity, and improving the pigmentation in various fish species.

    “Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. have the potential to replace fish oil and fish meal in diets, enhancing growth and meat quality, stimulating immunity, and improving the pigmentation in various fish species [26,51,52,53,54,55].”
  • Major obstacles concerning the consumption of microalgae as functional food and feed include accessibility, availability, sustainable techniques for extraction and purification, functional structure preservation during and after extraction, bioavailability of extracted metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract, and safety and sensory quality of formulated food/feed products.

    “However, some major obstacles concerning the consumption of microalgae as functional food and feed include accessibility, availability, sustainable techniques for the extraction and purification of its metabolites, functional structure preservation during and after extraction and/or in a multidimensional food matrix, the bioavailability of the extracted metabolites in the human/animal gastrointest”
  • Chlorella biomass is used in aquaculture as a feed supplement to enhance skin pigmentation of ornamental fish and improve immunity and growth of fish and crustaceans.

    “Chlorella biomass also finds application in aquaculture as feed supplement to enhance the skin pigmentation of ornamental fish or to improve the immunity and growth of fish and crustaceans, among others [2,3].”

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Authors
Ahmad, M. T., Shariff, M., Md. Yusoff, F., Goh, Y. M., & Banerjee, S.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
  • Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
Corresponding author
Shariff, Mohamed
Venue
Reviews in Aquaculture
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-12-19
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
328-346
ISSN
  • 1753-5123 (ISSN-L)
  • 1753-5131
OpenAlex
W2903707570
Cited by
244
References
171
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15
FWCI
9.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Reviews in Aquaculture (publishedVersion)
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Universiti Putra Malaysia (PRGS/2015/WAB01/UPM/01/1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Keywords
Chlorella vulgaris, microalgae feed, aquaculture feed, growth promoters, immunostimulants, fish disease resistance, stress reduction, gut microbiota, digestibility, antibacterial activity, feed safety, fish growth

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