Applications of microalga Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture
Abstract
Abstract Microalgae biomass is used in aquaculture as feed, growth enhancers and immunostimulants. Chlorella vulgaris is an important species with a good biomolecular composition. Commercially, it is one of the most commonly used microalga in aquaculture. Several studies confirmed its ability to improve nutrition, immunity, aquatic bioremediation, amelioration of stress, disease resistance of fish and inhibits bacterial quorum sensing when used appropriately. Despite claims of its benefits, C. vulgaris is reported to have unfavourable effects when incorporated in diets at higher inclusion levels. In addition, its rigid cell wall might restrict the access of digestive enzymes to the intracellular components for proper digestion and assimilation. Thus, this review discusses the role of C. vulgaris and its importance in aquaculture with emphasis on its environmental requirements, morphology, pigments, digestibility, dynamics on growth performance, antibacterial activity, bacterial quorum sensing, immunomodulatory effect, anti‐stress effect, gut microbiome, aquatic bioremediation and its safety as food or feed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. stimulate phagocytosis, increase white blood cell count, and enhance the expression of cytokine genes, playing a crucial role in immune response.
“More precisely, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. stimulate phagocytosis, increase white blood cell count, and enhance the expression of cytokine genes, playing a crucial role in immune response.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. have the potential to replace fish oil and fish meal in diets, enhancing growth and meat quality, stimulating immunity, and improving the pigmentation in various fish species.
“Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. have the potential to replace fish oil and fish meal in diets, enhancing growth and meat quality, stimulating immunity, and improving the pigmentation in various fish species [26,51,52,53,54,55].”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Major obstacles concerning the consumption of microalgae as functional food and feed include accessibility, availability, sustainable techniques for extraction and purification, functional structure preservation during and after extraction, bioavailability of extracted metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract, and safety and sensory quality of formulated food/feed products.
“However, some major obstacles concerning the consumption of microalgae as functional food and feed include accessibility, availability, sustainable techniques for the extraction and purification of its metabolites, functional structure preservation during and after extraction and/or in a multidimensional food matrix, the bioavailability of the extracted metabolites in the human/animal gastrointest”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Chlorella biomass is used in aquaculture as a feed supplement to enhance skin pigmentation of ornamental fish and improve immunity and growth of fish and crustaceans.
“Chlorella biomass also finds application in aquaculture as feed supplement to enhance the skin pigmentation of ornamental fish or to improve the immunity and growth of fish and crustaceans, among others [2,3].”
From Challenges and Opportunities to Increase Economic Feasibility and Sustainability of Mixotrophic Cultivation of Green Microalgae of the Genus Chlorella (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Cites
Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review
Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Caetano, N. S. (2010) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 · Cited by 5,685 · see citing works
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. (2010) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009 · Cited by 4,894 · see citing works
Commercial Applications of Microalgae
Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., & Isambert, A. (2006) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1263/jbb.101.87 · Cited by 4,285 · see citing works
Ambati, R., Phang, S. M., Ravi, S., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2014) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md12010128 · Cited by 1,993 · see citing works
‘Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: a review’.
Safi, C., Zebib, B., Merah, O., Pontalier, P.-Y., & Vaca-Garcia, C. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.007 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Photobioreactors: Production systems for phototrophic microorganisms
O., P. (2001) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s002530100702 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Handbook of Microalgal Culture. Biotechnology and Applied Phycology
Moi, P. S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/b:japh.0000044943.45511.5e · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Markou, G., & Nerantzis, E. (2013) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.011 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Cheirsilp, B., & Torpee, S. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.125 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Carotenoids from microalgae: A review of recent developments
Gong, M., & Bassi, A. S. (2016) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.005 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
A new view of the fish gut microbiome: advances from next-generation sequencing
Ghanbari, M., Kneifel, W., & Domig, K. J. (2015) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.033 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Microalgae as sources of carotenoids
Guedes, A. C., Amaro, H. M., & Malcata, F. X. (2011) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md9040625 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Breuer, G., Lamers, P. P., Martens, D. E., Draaisma, R. B., & Wijffels, R. H. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.003 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Antioxidant potential of microalgae in relation to their phenolic and carotenoid content
Goiris, K., Muylaert, K., Fraeye, I., Foubert, I., Brabanter, J. D., & Cooman, L. D. (2012) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9804-6 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
(2012) · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Stephenson, A. L., Kazamia, E., Dennis, J. S., Howe, C. J., Scott, S. A., & Smith, A. G. (2010) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef1003123 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
van der Spiegel, M., Noordam, M. Y., & van der Fels‐Klerx, H. J. (2013) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12032 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives
Ferruzzi, M. G., & Blakeslee, J. J. (2007) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.12.003 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Safafar, H., Van Wagenen, J., Møller, P., & Jacobsen, C. (2015) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md13127069 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
An overview: biomolecules from microalgae for animal feed and aquaculture
Yaakob, Z., Ali, E., Zainal, A., Mohamad, M., & Takriff, M. S. (2014) · Journal of Biological Research - Thessaloniki · doi:10.1186/2241-5793-21-6 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Enzymatic cell wall degradation of Chlorella vulgaris and other microalgae for biofuels production
Gerken, H. G., Donohoe, B. S., & Knoshaug, E. P. (2012) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-012-1765-0 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Microalgae for aquaculture: Opportunities and constraints
Borowitzka, M. A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1007921728300 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Astaxanthin as feed supplement in aquatic animals
Lim, K. C., Yusoff, F. M., Shariff, M., & Kamarudin, M. S. (2017) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12200 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationMaoka, T. (2011) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md9020278 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Batista, A. P., Niccolai, A., Fradinho, P., Fragoso, S., Bursic, I., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Tredici, M. R., Sousa, I., & Raymundo, A. (2017) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.017 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Msanne, J., Xu, D., Konda, A. R., Casas-Mollano, J. A., Awada, T. N., Cahoon, E. B., & Cerutti, H. D. (2012) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.007 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Availability and Utilization of Pigments from Microalgae
Begum, H., Yusoff, F. M., Banerjee, S., Khatoon, H., & Shariff, M. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.764841 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Self-citationLutein production from biomass: Marigold flowers versus microalgae
Lin, J.-H., Lee, D., & Chang, J. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.099 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects
Ambati, R. R., Gogisetty, D., Aswathanarayana, R. G., Ravi, S., Bikkina, P. N., Bo, L., & Yuepeng, S. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Ursu, A.-V., Marcati, A., Sayd, T., Sante-Lhoutellier, V., Djelveh, G., & Michaud, P. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.071 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Effects of using light-emitting diodes on the cultivation of Spirulina platensis
Wang, C.-Y., Fu, C.-C., & Liu, Y.-C. (2007) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2007.03.004 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Valente, L. M. P., Gouveia, A., Rema, P., Matos, J., Gomes, E. F., & Sousa‐Pinto, I. (2006) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.052 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Disruption of bacterial quorum sensing: an unexplored strategy to fight infections in aquaculture
Defoirdt, T., Boon, N., Bossier, P., et al. (2004) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.031 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Chinnasamy, S., Ramakrishnan, B., Bhatnagar, A., & Das, K. C. (2009) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms10020518 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Safi, C., Charton, M., Pignolet, O., Silvestre, F., Vaca-Garcia, C., & Pontalier, P.-Y. (2013) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9886-1 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Marine Carotenoids against Oxidative Stress: Effects on Human Health
Gammone, M. A., Riccioni, G., & D’Orazio, N. (2015) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md13106226 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Microalgae in Aquaculture: A Review with Special References to Nutritional Value and Fish Dietetics
Roy, S. S., & Pal, R. (2014) · Proceedings of the Zoological Society · doi:10.1007/s12595-013-0089-9 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Chlorellin, an Antibacterial Substance from Chlorella
Pratt, R., Daniels, T. C., Eiler, J. J., Gunnison, J. B., Kumler, W. D., Oneto, J. F., Strait, L. A., Spoehr, H. A., Hardin, G., Milner, H. W., et al. (1944) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.99.2574.351 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Phosphate transport and signaling
Raghothama, K. G. (2000) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00062-5 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Significance of microalgal–bacterial interactions for aquaculture
Ikhsan, N. F. M., Bossier, P., Sorgeloos, P., Yusoff, F. M., & Defoirdt, T. (2013) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12024 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Protein, fatty acid, and pigment content of Chlorella vulgaris under different light regimes
Seyfabadi, J., Ramezanpour, Z., & Khoeyi, Z. A. (2010) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-010-9569-8 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Heterotrophic/mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous Chlorella vulgaris on industrial co-products
Mitra, D., van Leeuwen, J. (., & Lamsal, B. (2012) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2012.03.002 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Light and growth medium effect on Chlorella vulgaris biomass production
Blair, M. F., Kokabian, B., & Gude, V. G. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2013.11.005 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Biological effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in fish: A review
Swain, P., Nayak, S., Nanda, P. K., & DASH, S. (2008) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2008.04.009 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Doucha, J., & Lívanský, K. (2008) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1660-6 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Effect of phosphorus on lipid accumulation in freshwater microalga Chlorella sp.
Liang, K., Zhang, Q., Gu, M. H., & Cong, W. (2012) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9865-6 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Supercritical CO2 extraction of carotenoids and other lipids from Chlorella vulgaris
Mendes, R. L., Fernandes, H. L., Coelho, J. P., Reis, E. C., Cabral, J. M. S., Novais, J. M., & Palavra, A. M. F. (1995) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0308-8146(95)95794-7 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
SUPAMATTAYA, K., Kiriratnikom, S., Boonyaratpalin, M., & Borowitzka, L. J. (2005) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.014 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus ) with microalgal biomass
Gouveia, L., Rema, P., Pereira, O. A. C. G., et al. (2003) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00233.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Romero, J., Ringø, E., & Merrifield, D. L. (2014) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1002/9781118897263.ch4 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
WasteW ater treatment With microalgae - a literature revieW
Larsdotter, K. (2006) · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Algae in Fish Feed: Performances and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon
Norambuena, F., Hermon, K. M., Skrzypczyk, V. M., Emery, J. A., Sharon, Y., Beard, A., & Turchini, G. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124042 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Lananan, F., Abdul Hamid, S. H., Din, W. N. S., Ali, N., Khatoon, H., Jusoh, A., & Endut, A. (2014) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.06.013 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Bioremediation of the textile waste effluent by Chlorella vulgaris
El-Kassas, H. Y., & Mohamed, L. A. (2014) · The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2014.08.003 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Requirements for carotenoids in fish diets
Torrissen, O. J., & Christiansen, R. (1995) · Journal of Applied Ichthyology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.1995.tb00022.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Kang, H.-K., Salim, H. M., Akter, N., Kim, D. W., Kim, J. H., Bang, H. T., Kim, M. J., Na, J. C., Hwangbo, J., Choi, H., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Applied Poultry Research · doi:10.3382/japr.2012-00622 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Sensitivity of two green microalgae to copper stress: Growth, oxidative and antioxidants analyses
Hamed, S. M., Selim, S., Klöck, G., & AbdElgawad, H. (2017) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.048 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Production and analysis of secondary carotenoids in green algae
García, M. O., Torres, E., Fidalgo, P., & Abalde, J. (2000) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1008173807143 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Progress and Challenges in Microalgal Biodiesel Production
Mallick, N., Bagchi, S. K., Koley, S., & Singh, A. K. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01019 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The chlorococcalean alga Chlorella in animal nutrition: a review
Kotrbáček, V., Doubek, J., & Doucha, J. (2015) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0516-y · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Řehulka, J. (2000) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00383-5 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Microalgal bioremediation : Current practices and perspectives
Priyadarshani, I., Sahu, D., & Rath, B. (2012) · Journal Of Biochemical Technology · doi:10.51847/ok6eiji · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Kuo, C.-M., Jian, J.-F., Lin, T., Chang, Y.-B., Wan, X.-H., Lai, J.-T., Chang, J., & Lin, C.-S. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.014 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Continuous microalgae cultivation in a photobioreactor
Tang, H., Chen, M., Ng, K. Y. S., & Salley, S. O. (2012) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.24516 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Fields, M. W., Hise, A. M., Lohman, E. J., Bell, T. A. S., Gardner, R. D., Corredor, L., Moll, K., Peyton, B., Characklis, G. W., & Gerlach, R. (2014) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5694-7 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐García, I., & Guil‐Guerrero, J. L. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.059 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Effects of parameters affecting biomass yield and thermal behaviour of Chlorella vulgaris
Bhola, V., Ramesh, D., Santosh, S. K., Subburamu, K., Sanniyasi, E., & Bux, F. (2010) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.11.006 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Pérez‐López, P., de Vree, J. H., Feijóo, G., Bosma, R., Barbosa, M. J., Moreira, M. T., Wijffels, R. H., van Boxtel, A. J. B., & Kleinegris, D. M. M. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.102 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Vitamin A, Nutrition, and Health Values of Algae: Spirulina, Chlorella, and Dunaliella
Tang, G., & Suter, P. M. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.6000/1927-5951.2011.01.02.04 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Handbook of marine microalgae : biotechnology advances
Kim, S. (2015) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Comparative studies onChlorella cell walls: Induction of protoplast formation
Yamada, T., & Sakaguchi, K. (1982) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/bf00690809 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Effects of micro-algae commonly used in aquaculture on acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing
Ikhsan, N. F. M., Kenmegne, M. M., Wiyoto, W., et al. (2011) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.038 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Tume, R. K., Sikes, A. L., Tabrett, S. J., et al. (2009) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.006 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Lyons, P. P., Turnbull, J. F., Dawson, K. A., & Crumlish, M. (2016) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.13080 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Safafar, H., Nørregaard, P. U., Ljubić, A., Møller, P., Holdt, S. L., & Jacobsen, C. (2016) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse4040084 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Quality analysis of commercial Chlorella products used as dietary supplement in human nutrition
Görs, M., Schumann, R., Hepperle, D., & Karsten, U. (2009) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-009-9455-4 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Evolution of pigment composition in Chlorella vulgaris
Gouveia, L. (1996) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/0960-8524(96)00058-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Kousoulaki, K., Østbye, T.-K. K., Krasnov, A., Torgersen, J. S., Mørkøre, T., & Sweetman, J. W. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2015.14 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Fujishita, M., Hirata, A., & Kawano, S. (2004) · Journal of Plant Research · doi:10.1007/s10265-004-0154-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Vijayavel, K., Anbuselvam, C., & Balasubramanian, M. P. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-007-9453-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Yan, C., Zhang, L., Luo, X., & Zheng, Z. (2013) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.051 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Gouveia, L., Choubert, G., Pereira, N., Santinha, J., Empis, J., & Gomes, E. (2002) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00751.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Bioaccessibility of carotenoids fromChlorella vulgarisandChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Gille, A., Trautmann, A., Posten, C. H., & Briviba, K. (2016) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2016.1181158 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The environmental sustainability of microalgae as feed for aquaculture: a life cycle perspective
Taelman, S. E., De Meester, S., Roef, L., Michiels, M., & Dewulf, J. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.044 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
A chitin-like glycan in the cell wall of a Chlorella sp. (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae)
Kapaun, E., & Reißer, W. (1995) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00191563 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Radhakrishnan, S., Bhavan, P. S., Seenivasan, C., Shanthi, R., & Muralisankar, T. (2014) · The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.jobaz.2013.12.003 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
<i>Dunaliella</i>: Biology, Production, and Markets
Borowitzka, M. A. (2013) · Handbook of Microalgal Culture · doi:10.1002/9781118567166.ch18 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Microalgal Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications
Soha, S. M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53694 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Photosynthetic and growth responses of three freshwater algae to phosphorus limitation and daylength
Litchman, E., Steiner, D., & Bossard, P. (2003) · Freshwater Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01157.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
An, B., Kim, K.-E., Jeon, J.-Y., & Lee, K.-W. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2373-4 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Teuling, E., Schrama, J. W., Gruppen, H., & Wierenga, P. A. (2017) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.06.025 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Janczyk, P., Halle, B., & Souffrant, W.-B. (2009) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00250 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Andrews, S. R., Sahu, N. P., Pal, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2009) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02304.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sun, X., Chang, Y., Ye, Y., Ma, Z., Liang, Y., Li, T., Jiang, N., Xing, W., & Luo, L. (2012) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.02.019 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Maliwat, G. C., Velasquez, S., Robil, J. L., Chan, M., Traifalgar, R. F., Tayamen, M., & Ragaza, J. A. (2017) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.13004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rodrigues, M. A., & Bon, E. P. S. (2011) · Enzyme Research · doi:10.4061/2011/405603 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Use of natural carotenoids for pigmentation in fishes
Gupta, S., Jha, A. K., Pal, A., & Venkateshwarlu, G. (2007) · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ranga, R. A., Sarada, A. R., Baskaran, V., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Effects of Culture Conditions on Growth and Biochemical Profile of Chlorella Vulgaris
Sharma, R. (2012) · Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology · doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000131 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Merrifield, D. L., Harper, G. M., Mustafa, S. A., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., & Davies, S. J. (2011) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1125-y · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Optimization and economic evaluation of ultrasound extraction of lutein from Chlorella vulgaris
Deenu, A., Naruenartwongsakul, S., & Kim, S. M. (2013) · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12257-013-0213-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Zainuddin, M., Saitoh, S., & Saitoh, K. (2004) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2004gl021000 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The effects of pH on the growth ofChlorella vulgaris and its interactions with cadmium toxicity
Rachlin, J. W., & Grosso, A. (1991) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf01065839 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Nutrient resupplementation arrests bio-oil accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Valenzuela, J. J., Carlson, R. P., Gerlach, R., Cooksey, K. E., Peyton, B., Bothner, B. B., & Fields, M. W. (2013) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-013-5010-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Application of Microalgae Protein to Aquafeed
Guedes, A. C., Sousa‐Pinto, I., & Malcata, F. X. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00008-x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zahran, E., & Risha, E. (2014) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.035 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dallaire, V., Lessard, P., Vandenberg, G. W., & de la Noüe, J. (2006) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.043 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The metabolites of dietary chlorophylls
Ma, L., & Dolphin, D. (1999) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00584-6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Safi, C., Camy, S., Francès, C., Varela, M. M., Badia, E. C., Pontalier, P.-Y., & Vaca‐García, C. (2013) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-013-0212-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Yan, L., Lim, S. U., & Kim, I. H. (2012) · Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences · doi:10.5713/ajas.2012.12352 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Vitamin A, nutrition, and health values of algae: Spirulina, Chlorella, and Dunaliella
Tang, G., & Suter, P. M. (2011) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-61173 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Scale-up Problems for the Large Scale Production of Algae
da Silva, T. L., & Reis, A. (2015) · Algal Biorefinery: An Integrated Approach · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22813-6_6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Brar, A., Kumar, M., Vivekanand, V., & Pareek, N. (2017) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-017-0600-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Green Microalgae Water Extract as Foliar Feeding to Wheat Plants
Shaaban, M. M. (2001) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2001.628.632 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Janczyk, P., Franke, H., & Souffrant, W. B. (2006) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.007 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Production of Intracellular Phytochemicals in Chlorella under Heterotrophic Conditions
Sansawa, H., & Endô, H. (2004) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/s1389-1723(05)00309-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
TANAKA, K., Koga, T., Konishi, F., et al. (1986) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.53.2.267-271.1986 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Maruyama, I., Nakao, T., Shigeno, I., Ando, Y., & Hirayama, K. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2097-7_20 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Alyabyev, A. J., Loseva, N. L., Gordon, L. K., Andreyeva, I. N., Rachimova, G. G., Tribunskih, V. I., Ponomareva, A. A., & Kemp, R. B. (2007) · Thermochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.tca.2007.03.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kim, K., Bai, S. C., Koo, J., Wang, X., & Kim, S. (2002) · Journal of the World Aquaculture Society · doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00021.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pakravan, S., Akbarzadeh, A., Sajjadi, M. M., Hajimoradloo, A., & Noori, F. (2017) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1111/anu.12594 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Anwar, M. A., & Choi, S. (2014) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md12052485 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sampath kumar, P. (2017) · Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology · doi:10.15406/jamb.2017.05.00119 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Khatoon, H., Yusoff, F. M., Banerjee, S., et al. (2007) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.036 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationMaruyama, I., Nakao, T., Shigeno, I., Ando, Y., & Hirayama, K. (1997) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1023/a:1003116003184 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nutrient Removal Efficiencies of Chlorella vulgaris from Urban Wastewater for Reduced Eutrophication
Singh, R., Birru, R., & Sibi, G. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Protection · doi:10.4236/jep.2017.81001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Peng, Y., Deng, A., Gong, X., et al. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.165 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Upper limits of temperature for growth inChlorella (Chlorophyceae)
Kessler, E. (1985) · Plant Systematics and Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02418020 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The importance of microalgae for aquaculture industry. Review.
Sirakov, I. N., Velichkova, К., Stoyanova, S., & Staykov, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Bai, S. C., Koo, J.-W., Kim, K.-W., et al. (2001) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00008.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Relationships of Dissolved Oxygen with Chlorophyll-a and Phytoplankton Composition in Tilapia Ponds
Kunlasak, K., Chitmanat, C., Whangchai, N., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.4236/ijg.2013.45b008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Qiu, M., Xu, W., Gao, Z. Z., Shao, R., & Qi, Z. (2014) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4081/ijas.2014.3168 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
iNOS-Dependent Increase in Colonic Mucus Thickness in DSS-Colitic Rats
Schreiber, O., Petersson, J. H., Waldén, T. B., Ahl, D., Sandler, S., Phillipson, M., & Holm, L. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071843 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Gouveia, L., Gomes, E., & Empis, J. (1996) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf01229690 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gouveia, L., Choubert, G., Gomes, E. F., Rema, P., & Empis, J. (1998) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1023/a:1009251714573 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bioremediation of synthetic intensive aquaculture wastewater by a novel feed-grade composite biofilm
Barnharst, T., Rajendran, A., & Hu, B. (2017) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.10.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Historical Review of Algal Culturing Techniques
Preisig, H. R., & Andersen, R. A. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088426-1/50002-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Carotenoids and Pigmentation in Ornamental Fish
Das, A. P. (2016) · Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology · doi:10.15406/jamb.2016.04.00093 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Use ofChlorella vulgarisin Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, Diets to Enhance Muscle Pigmentation
Gouveia, L., Gomes, E., & Empis, J. (1997) · Journal of Applied Aquaculture · doi:10.1300/j028v07n02_07 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Impact of Salinity on the Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck.
Hiremath, S., & Mathad, P. (2010) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
(FEEDAP), E. P. O. A. A. P. O. S. U. I. A. F. (2014) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3724 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
HABIB, M. A. B., YUSOFF, F. M., PHANG, S. M., & MOHAMED, S. (2003) · Asian Fisheries Science · doi:10.33997/j.afs.2003.16.2.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Biomass from Microalgae: An Overview
Ganesan, S. H. (2014) · Oceanography Open Access · doi:10.4172/2332-2632.1000118 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chlorella biomass as feed supplement for freshwater fish: sterlet,<i>A</i><i>cipenser ruthenus</i>
Sergejevová, M., & Masojídek, J. (2012) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03011.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Morphometric and Stereologic Analysis of Chlorella vulgaris Under Heterotrophic Growth Conditions
Martínez, F., Ascaso, C., & Orús, M. I. (1991) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088128 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Blas-Valdivia, V., Ortiz-Butrón, R., Pineda-Reynoso, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-010-9534-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Perspective on the Ingestion and Nutritional Effects of Feed Additives in Farmed Fish Species
Ajiboye, O. O., Yakubu, A., & Adams, T. E. (2012) · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Khani, M., Soltani, M., Mehrgan, M. S., Foroudi, F., & Ghaeni, M. (2017) · Iranian journal of ichthyology · doi:10.22034/iji.v4i1.210 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Chlorella is an Effective Dietary Source of Lutein for Human Erythrocytes
Miyazawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Kimura, F., Nakashima, Y., Maruyama, I., Higuchi, O., & Miyazawa, T. (2013) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.62.773 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
[Effect of pH on growth and lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in biogas slurry].
Wang, C., Li, H., Wang, Q., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Isolation of a novel lutein–protein complex from Chlorella vulgaris and its functional properties
Cai, X., Huang, Q., & Wang, S. (2015) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c4fo01096e · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Polyamines in Cell Walls of Chlorococcalean Microalgae
Burczyk, J., Zych, M., Ioannidis, N. E., et al. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · doi:10.5560/znc.2012-0215 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Henmi, H., Hata, M., & Hata, M. (1990) · NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI · doi:10.2331/suisan.56.1821 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Natural Light Dilution on Microalgae Growth
Harun, I., Yahya, L., Chik, M. N., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications · doi:10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.362 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Adenan, N. S., Yusoff, F. M., Medipally, S. R., & Shariff, M. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationChoudhury, M. G., & Saha, N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150469 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Safety evaluation of a high lipid Whole Algalin Flour (WAF) from Chlorella protothecoides
Szabo, N. J., Matulka, R. A., Kiss, L., & Licari, P. (2012) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.03.011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Microalgae and Immune Potential
Raja, R., & Hemaiswarya, S. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8_27 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture wastewater for protein production
Blanco-Carvajal, E., Sanchez-Galvis, E. M., González-Delgado, Á. D., et al. (2018) · Contemporary Engineering Sciences · doi:10.12988/ces.2018.712203 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yedıer, S., Gümüş, E., Livengood, E. J., et al. (2014) · Aquaculture Aquarium Conservation & Legislation · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Armstrong, P. B., Armstrong, M. T., Pardy, R. L., et al. (2002) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1543397 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Variability of Allergenicity in Eight Strains of the Green Algal Genus Chlorella
Tiberg, E., & EINARSSON, R. (2009) · International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology · doi:10.1159/000235042 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Efficacy of micro algae and cyanobacteria as a live feed for juveniles of shrimp Penaeus monodon
Sivakumar, N., Sundararaman, M., & Selvakumar, G. (2011) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb.9000218 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Biotechnological Potentials of Microalgae: Past and Present Scenario
Shukla, M., & Dhar, D. W. (2013) · Vegetos · doi:10.5958/j.2229-4473.26.2s.143 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Feed Additives for Influencing the Color of Fish and Crustaceans
Oehlenschläger, J., & Ostermeyer, U. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100371-8.00013-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Blanco-Carvajal, E., González-Delgado, Á. D., Garcia-Martinez, J. B., et al. (2017) · Contemporary Engineering Sciences · doi:10.12988/ces.2017.712198 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kim, Y., & Lee, S. (2012) · Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.5657/kfas.2012.0043 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kayım, M., Ates, M., & Elekon, H. A. (2010) · Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances · doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.1030.1033 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Abdel-Rahman, M. H. M., & Ali, R. M. (2005) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moshayedi, F., Eagderi, S., & Iri, M. (2016) · Iranian journal of ichthyology · doi:10.22034/iji.v3i3.199 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bagnoud-Velásquez, M., Refardt, D., Vuille, F., et al. (2015) · CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry · doi:10.2533/chimia.2015.614 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ru, I. T. K., Sung, Y. Y., Jusoh, M., Wahid, M. E. A., & Nagappan, T. (2020) · Applied Phycology · doi:10.1080/26388081.2020.1715256 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp.
Abreu, A. P., Martins, R., & Nunes, J. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10080955 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Algae as an Attractive Source for Cosmetics to Counter Environmental Stress
Aslam, A., Bahadar, A., Liaquat, R., Saleem, M., Waqas, A., & Zwawi, M. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144905 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Separable Microneedles with Photosynthesis-Driven Oxygen Manufactory for Diabetic Wound Healing
Zhao, E., Xiao, T., Tan, Y., Zhou, X., Li, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, K., Ou, C., Zhang, J., Li, Z., et al. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c18809 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Dragone, G. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112284 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Expanded utilisation of microalgae in global aquafeeds
Siddik, M. A. B., Sørensen, M., Islam, S. M. M., Saha, N., Rahman, M. A., & Francis, D. S. (2024) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12818 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> as a food substitute: Applications and benefits in the food industry
Wang, C., Onyeaka, H., Miri, T., & Soltani, F. (2024) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17529 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Genetically engineered microalgae for enhanced bioactive compounds
Ahmad Kamal, A. H., Mohd Hamidi, N. F., Zakaria, M. F., Ahmad, A., Harun, M. R., Chandra Segaran, T., & Jusoh, M. (2024) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-024-06116-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Abdel-Latif, H. M. R., El-Ashram, S., Yilmaz, S., Naiel, M. A. E., Abdul Kari, Z., Hamid, N. K. A., Dawood, M. A. O., Nowosad, J., & Kucharczyk, D. (2022) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101135 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Gitau, M. M., Farkas, A., Balla, B., Ördög, V., Futó, Z., & Maróti, G. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10061060 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights
Spínola, M. P., Costa, M. M., & Prates, J. A. M. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13061017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gao, C., Kwong, C. H. T., Wang, Q., Kam, H., Wei, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., Lee, S. M. Y., Gu, D., & Wang, R. (2022) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2022.06.024 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Extraction and enrichment of fatty acids from marine microalgae
Rathinavel, L., Ravikumar, Y., Jothinathan, D., Paul J., S. J., Pandey, A., & Mahata, C. (2025) · Marine Molecules from Algae and Cyanobacteria · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21674-9.00003-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ahmad, M. T., Shariff, M., Md. Yusoff, F., Goh, Y. M., & Banerjee, S.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Corresponding author
- Shariff, Mohamed
- Venue
- Reviews in Aquaculture
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-12-19
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 328-346
- ISSN
- 1753-5123 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-5131
- OpenAlex
- W2903707570
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 9.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in Aquaculture (publishedVersion)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (PRGS/2015/WAB01/UPM/01/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- Chlorella vulgaris, microalgae feed, aquaculture feed, growth promoters, immunostimulants, fish disease resistance, stress reduction, gut microbiota, digestibility, antibacterial activity, feed safety, fish growth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review