Pharmacological enhancement of memory or cognition in normal subjects

Lynch, Gary

doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00090

Cited by 46Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations

Pharmacological enhancement of memory or cognition in normal subjects

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Lynch, Gary·2014·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00090PMC PMC4033242

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Abstract

The possibility of expanding memory or cognitive capabilities above the levels in high functioning individuals is a topic of intense discussion among scientists and in society at large. The majority of animal studies use behavioral endpoint measures; this has produced valuable information but limited predictability for human outcomes. Accordingly, several groups are pursuing a complementary strategy with treatments targeting synaptic events associated with memory encoding or forebrain network operations. Transcription and translation figure prominently in substrate work directed at enhancement. Notably, the question of why new proteins would be needed for a now-forming memory given that learning-driven synthesis presumably occurred throughout the immediate past has been largely ignored. Despite this conceptual problem, and some controversy, recent studies have reinvigorated the idea that selective gene manipulation is a plausible route to enhancement. Efforts to improve memory by facilitating synaptic encoding of information have also progressed, in part due of breakthroughs on mechanisms that stabilize learning-related, long-term potentiation (LTP). These advances point to a reductionistic hypothesis for a diversity of experimental results on enhancement, and identify under-explored possibilities. Cognitive enhancement remains an elusive goal, in part due to the difficulty of defining the target. The popular view of cognition as a collection of definable computations seems to miss the fluid, integrative process experienced by high functioning individuals. The neurobiological approach obviates these psychological issues to directly test the consequences of improving throughput in networks underlying higher order behaviors. The few relevant studies testing drugs that selectively promote excitatory transmission indicate that it is possible to expand cortical networks engaged by complex tasks and that this is accompanied by capabilities not found in normal animals.

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Enhancing normal learning by judicious pharmacotherapy has recently received attention.
“Indeed, enhancing normal learning by judicious pharmacotherapy has recently received attention111”
From The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning (2016) · cites this paper as [111]

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Rex, C. S., Kramár, E. A., Colgin, L. L., Lin, B., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0880-05.2005 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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AMPA receptor modulators as cognitive enhancers
LYNCH, G. S. (2003) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2003.09.009 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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Subunit specificity and mechanism of action of NMDA partial agonist d-cycloserine
Sheinin, A., Shavit, S., & Benveniste, M. (2001) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00073-9 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path
Bliss, T. V. P., & Lømo, T. (1973) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010273 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Modulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by hippocampus-derived estrogen and androgen
Ooishi, Y., Kawato, S., Hojo, Y., Hatanaka, Y., Higo, S., Murakami, G., Komatsuzaki, Y., Ogiue-Ikeda, M., Kimoto, T., & Mukai, H. (2012) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.10.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Improved Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease With Short-Term D-Cycloserine Treatment
Tsai, G. E., Falk, W. E., Gunther, J. M., & Coyle, J. T. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.3.467 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
D-cycloserine, a novel cognitive enhancer, improves spatial memory in aged rats
Baxter, M. G., Lanthorn, T. H., Frick, K. M., Golski, S., Wan, R., & Olton, D. S. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)90114-7 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Small-molecule TrkB receptor agonists improve motor function and extend survival in a mouse model of Huntington's disease
Jiang, M., Peng, Q., Liu, X., Jin, J., Hou, Z., Zhang, J., Mori, S., Ross, C. A., Ye, K., & Duan, W. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt098 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Memory and the Brain: Unexpected Chemistries and a New Pharmacology
LYNCH, G. S. (1998) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3840 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
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The likelihood of cognitive enhancement
LYNCH, G. S., Palmer, L. C., & Gall, C. M. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.024 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
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Presynaptic kainate receptors impart an associative property to hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation
Schmitz, D., Mellor, J. R., Breustedt, J., & Nicoll, R. A. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1116 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
nAChR agonist-induced cognition enhancement: Integration of cognitive and neuronal mechanisms
Sarter, M., Parikh, V., & Howe, W. M. (2009) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.019 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Presynaptic BDNF Promotes Postsynaptic Long-Term Potentiation in the Dorsal Striatum
Jia, Y., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3310-10.2010 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
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Facilitative Effects of the Ampakine CX516 on Short-Term Memory in Rats: Correlations with Hippocampal Neuronal Activity
Hampson, R. E., Rogers, G. A., LYNCH, G. S., & Deadwyler, S. A. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-07-02748.1998 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
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Neuronal transporter and astrocytic ATP exocytosis underlie activity‐dependent adenosine release in the hippocampus
Wall, M. J., & Dale, N. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.253450 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The involvement of the NMDA receptor d-serine/glycine site in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia
Labrie, V., & Roder, J. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.002 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Facilitation of memory encoding in primate hippocampus by a neuroprosthesis that promotes task-specific neural firing
Hampson, R. E., Song, D. B., Opriș, I. C., Santos, L. M., Shin, D. C., Gerhardt, G. A., Marmarelis, V. Z., Berger, T. W., & Deadwyler, S. A. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/6/066013 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The ultrastructural localization of calcium‐activated protease “calpain” in rat brain
Perlmutter, L. S., Siman, R., Gall, C. M., Seubert, P. A., Baudry, M., & LYNCH, G. S. (1988) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890020111 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
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Benzamide-Type AMPA Receptor Modulators Form Two Subfamilies with Distinct Modes of Action
Arai, A., Xia, Y., Rogers, G. A., LYNCH, G. S., & Kessler, M. (2002) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.102.040360 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
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Theta burst stimulation is optimal for induction of LTP at both apical and basal dendritic synapses on hippocampal CA1 neurons
Capocchi, G., Zampolini, M., & Larson, J. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91715-q · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A drug that facilitates glutamatergic transmission reduces exploratory activity and improves performance in a learning‐dependent task
Granger, R., Staubli, U. V., Davis, M., Perez, Y., Nilsson, L. M., Rogers, G. A., & LYNCH, G. S. (1993) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890150409 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
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Structural Determinants of d-Cycloserine Efficacy at the NR1/NR2C NMDA Receptors
Dravid, S. M., Burger, P. B., Prakash, A., Geballe, M. T., Yadav, R., Le, P., Vellano, K. M., Snyder, J. P., & Traynelis, S. F. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5390-09.2010 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Quinoxaline derivatives are high-affinity antagonists of the NMDA receptor-associated glycine sites
Kessler, M., Baudry, M., & LYNCH, G. S. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90875-5 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
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Ampakines promote spine actin polymerization, long-term potentiation, and learning in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome
Baudry, M., Kramár, E. A., Xu, X., Zadran, H., Moreno, S., LYNCH, G. S., Gall, C. M., & Bi, X. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.002 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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7,8‐dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB receptor agonist, blocks long‐term spatial memory impairment caused by immobilization stress in rats
Andero, R., Daviu, N., Escorihuela, R. M., Nadal, R. A., & Armario, A. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20906 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Rats and humans paying attention: Cross-species task development for translational research.
Demeter, E., Sarter, M. F., & Lustig, C. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0013712 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Long‐term potentiation of monosynaptic EPSPS in rat piroform cortex in vitro
Jung, M., Larson, J., & Lynch, G. (1990) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890060307 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
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Massed but not spaced training impairs spatial memory
Commins, S., Cunningham, L., Harvey, D. R., & Walsh, D. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00270-x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Differences between synaptic plasticity thresholds result in new timing rules for maximizing long-term potentiation
Lynch, G., Kramár, E. A., Babayan, A. H., Rumbaugh, G., & Gall, C. M. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.006 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
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Neuroenhancement: status quo and perspectives
Normann, C., & Berger, T. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-5022-2 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Integrin Dynamics Produce a Delayed Stage of Long-Term Potentiation and Memory Consolidation
Babayan, A. H., Kramár, E. A., Barrett, R. M., Jafari, M., Häettig, J., Chen, L. Y., Rex, C. S., Lauterborn, J. C., Wood, M. A., Gall, C. M., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2024-12.2012 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Pharmacological modulation of NMDA receptor activity and the advent of negative and positive allosteric modulators
Monaghan, D. T., Irvine, M. W., Costa, B. M., Fang, G., & Jane, D. E. (2012) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.01.004 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Origins of the variations in long‐term potentiation between synapses in the basal versus apical dendrites of hippocampal neurons
Arai, A., Black, J., & Lynch, G. (1994) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.450040103 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
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Cdc42 participates in the regulation of ADF/cofilin and retinal growth cone filopodia by brain derived neurotrophic factor
Chen, T., Gehler, S., Shaw, A. E., Bamburg, J. R., & Letourneau, P. C. (2005) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.20204 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Developmental and regional differences in the consolidation of long-term potentiation
Kramár, E. A., & LYNCH, G. S. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00916-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
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Targeting of NMDA receptors in the treatment of major depression
Dang, Y.-H., Ma, X.-C., Zhang, J.-C., Ren, Q., Wu, J., Gao, C.-G., & Hashimoto, K. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612819666140110120435 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Synaptic tagging and capture in the living rat
Shires, K. L., Silva, B. M. D., Hawthorne, J. P., Morris, R., & Martin, S. J. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2250 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Capture of the Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation within and across the Apical and Basilar Dendritic Compartments of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons: Synaptic Tagging Is Compartment Restricted
Alarcón, J. M., Barco, Á., & Kandel, E. R. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3196-05.2006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Leveraging the cortical cholinergic system to enhance attention
Demeter, E., & Sarter, M. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.060 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Brief ampakine treatments slow the progression of Huntington's disease phenotypes in R6/2 mice
Simmons, D. A., Mehta, R. A., Lauterborn, J. C., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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Regulation of brain neurctrophin expression by physiological activity
Gall, C. M. (1992) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(92)90123-n · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effects of a centrally active benzoylpiperidine drug on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxalepropionic acid receptor kinetics
Arai, A., Kessler, M., Ambros‐Ingerson, J., Quan, A., Yiğiter, E. N., Rogers, G. A., & LYNCH, G. S. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00263-1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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BDNF upregulation rescues synaptic plasticity in middle-aged ovariectomized rats
Kramár, E. A., Chen, L. Y., Lauterborn, J. C., Simmons, D. A., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Maelicke, A. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71649-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
SK3 is an important component of K+ channels mediating the afterhyperpolarization in cultured rat SCG neurones
Hosseini, R., Benton, D. C. H., Dunn, P. M., Jenkinson, D. H., & Moss, G. W. J. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00323.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Learning induces neurotrophin signaling at hippocampal synapses
Chen, L. Y., Rex, C. S., Sanaiha, Y., LYNCH, G. S., & Gall, C. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912973107 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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LTP Induction Translocates Cortactin at Distant Synapses in Wild-Type But NotFmr1Knock-Out Mice
Seese, R. R., Babayan, A. H., Katz, A. M., Cox, C. D., Lauterborn, J. C., LYNCH, G. S., & Gall, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0968-12.2012 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Deletion of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Reveals Direct Action Potential-Dependent Adenosine Release
Klyuch, B. P., Dale, N., & Wall, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6052-11.2012 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Blockade of IP3-mediated SK channel signaling in the rat medial prefrontal cortex improves spatial working memoryPreprint
Brennan, A. R., Dolinsky, B., Vu, M.-A. T., Stanley, M., Yeckel, M. F., & Arnsten, A. F. T. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.767408 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves memory consolidation processes in rats and mice
Bollen, E., Vanmierlo, T., Akkerman, S., Wouters, C., Steinbusch, H. M. W., & Prickaerts, J. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.029 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of apamin on memory processing of hippocampal-lesioned mice
Ikonen, S., & Riekkinen, P. (1999) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00616-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
In vivo pharmacological manipulation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels influences motor behavior, object memory and fear conditioning
Vick, K. A., Guidi, M., & Stackman, R. W. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.11.008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Glycine site associated with the NMDA receptor modulates long‐term potentiation
Oliver, M. W., Kessler, M., Larson, J., Schottler, F., & LYNCH, G. S. (1990) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890050403 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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The waveform of synaptic transmission at hippocampal synapses is not determined by AMPA receptor desensitization
Arai, A., & LYNCH, G. S. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00446-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Enhanced glutamatergic neurotransmission facilitates classical conditioning in the freely moving rat
Shors, T. J., Servatius, R. J., Thompson, R. F., Rogers, G. A., & LYNCH, G. S. (1995) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11309-k · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Positive modulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons by a novel allosteric potentiator.
Baumbarger, P. J., Muhlhauser, M. A., Zhai, J., Yang, C. R., & Nisenbaum, E. S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Protein synthesis and memory
Gold, P. E. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.12.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cyclothiazide decreases [3HAMPA binding to rat brain membranes: evidence that AMPA receptor desensitization increases agonist affinity
Hall, R. A., Kessler, M., Quan, A., Ambros‐Ingerson, J., & LYNCH, G. S. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90978-v · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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Maintenance of long-term memory storage is dependent on late posttraining Egr-1 expression
Katche, C., Goldin, A. P., González, M. C., Bekinschtein, P., & Medina, J. H. (2012) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.08.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Neuronal Rac1 Is Required for Learning-Evoked Neurogenesis
Haditsch, U., Anderson, M. P., Freewoman, J., Cord, B. J., Babu, H., Brakebusch, C., & Palmer, T. D. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2939-12.2013 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Synaptic Abnormalities in the Infralimbic Cortex of a Model of Congenital Depression
Seese, R. R., Chen, L. Y., Cox, C. D., Schulz, D., Babayan, A. H., Bunney, W. E., Henn, F. A., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2434-13.2013 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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The substrate for long-lasting memory: If not protein synthesis, then what?
Routtenberg, A. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.10.012 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of pharmacologically facilitating glutamatergic transmission in the trisynaptic intrahippocampal CIRCUIT
Sirviö, J., Larson, J., Quach, C. N., Rogers, G. A., & LYNCH, G. S. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00170-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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DRUG FOCUS: S 18986: A Positive Allosteric Modulator of AMPA‐Type Glutamate Receptors Pharmacological Profile of a Novel Cognitive Enhancer
Bernard, K., Danober, L., Thomas, J., Lebrun, C., Muñoz, C., Cordi, A. A., Désos, P., Lestage, P. J., & Morain, P. (2010) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00088.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ultrastructural effects of repetitive synaptic stimulation in the hippocampal slice preparation: A preliminary report
Lee, K., Oliver, M. W., Schottler, F., Creager, R., & LYNCH, G. S. (1979) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(79)90114-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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Cholinomimetics induce θ rhythm and reduce hippocampal pyramidal cell excitability
Olpe, H. R., Klebs, K., Küng, E., Campiche, P., Glatt, A. F., Ortmann, R., D'Amato, F. R., Pozza, M. F., & Mondadori, C. (1987) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90117-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Human Cortical θ during Free Exploration Encodes Space and Predicts Subsequent Memory
Snider, J., Plank, M., LYNCH, G. S., Halgren, E., & Howard Poizner, A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0268-13.2013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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d-Cycloserine administered directly to infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex enhances extinction memory in sucrose-seeking animals
Peters, J., & Vries, T. J. D. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Region-specific role of Rac in nucleus accumbens core and basolateral amygdala in consolidation and reconsolidation of cocaine-associated cue memory in rats
Ding, Z., Wu, P., Luo, Y., Shi, H., Shen, H., Wang, S., & Lü, L. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3050-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Activation of corticostriatal pathway leads to similar morphological changes observed following haloperidol treatment
Meshul, C. K., Buckman, J. F., Allen, C., Riggan, J. P., & Feller, D. J. (1996) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199604)22:4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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Ampakines reduce methamphetamine-driven rotation and activate neocortex in a regionally selective fashion
Hess, U. S., Whalen, S. P., Sandoval, L., LYNCH, G. S., & Gall, C. M. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00423-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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Mechanism based approaches for rescuing and enhancing cognition
LYNCH, G. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00143 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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The generation of theta rhythm in hippocampal formation maintainedin vitro
Kowalczyk, T., Bocian, R., & Konopacki, J. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12091 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A fast-evolving human NPAS3 enhancer gained reporter expression in the developing forebrain of transgenic mice
Kamm, G. B., López‐Leal, R., Lorenzo, J. R., & Franchini, L. F. (2013) · Americanae (AECID Library) · doi:10.1098/rstb.20 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cycloheximide impairs and enhances memory depending on dose and footshock intensity
Gold, P. E., & Wrenn, S. M. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Olfactory Memory
Eichenbaum, H., & Robitsek, R. J. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04012.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Integrated Multiscale Modeling of the Nervous System: Predicting Changes in Hippocampal Network Activity by a Positive AMPA Receptor Modulator
Bouteiller, J. C., Allam, S. L., Hu, E. Y., Gréget, R., Ambert, N., Keller, A. F., Bischoff, S. F., Baudry, M., & Berger, T. W. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2158605 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Theta Burst Stimulation
Huang, Y., & Rothwell, J. C. (2007) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000101038 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A biological perspective on memory
Crystal, J. D., & Glanzman, D. L. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.082 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Acute nicotine enhances strategy-based semantic processing in Parkinson's disease
Holmes, A., Copland, D. A., Silburn, P. A., & Chenery, H. J. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145710001665 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cholinergic and glutamatergic drugs in Alzheimer’s disease therapy
Clarke, N. A., & Francis, P. T. (2005) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.5.5.671 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A peculiar form of potentiation in mossy fiber synapses.
Staubli, U. V. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Map of LTP-Related Synaptic Changes in Dorsal Hippocampus Following Unsupervised Learning
Cox, C. D., Rex, C. S., Palmer, L. C., Babayan, A. H., Pham, D. T., Corwin, S. D., Trieu, B. H., Gall, C. M., & LYNCH, G. S. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4159-13.2014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuronal Categorization and Discrimination of Social Behaviors in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Tsunada, J., & Sawaguchi, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052610 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hormone Therapy in Younger Women and Cognitive Health
Grodstein, F. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6827 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

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The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning
Smolen, P., Zhang, Y., & Byrne, J. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.18 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Therapeutic targeting of the pathological triad of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in neurodegenerations
Bading, H. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20161673 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts
Carmichael, S. T. (2016) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24653 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Impaired cortico-striatal excitatory transmission triggers epilepsy
Miyamoto, H., Tatsukawa, T., Shimohata, A., Yamagata, T., Suzuki, T., Amano, K., Mazaki, E., Raveau, M., Ogiwara, I., Asaka-Oba, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09954-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism
Lin, W., Jiang, C. S., Sadahiro, M., Bozdagi, O., Vulchanova, L., Alberini, C. M., & Salton, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0584-15.2015 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Multiple cellular cascades participate in long-term potentiation and in hippocampus-dependent learning
Baudry, M., Zhu, G., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Briz, V., & Bi, X. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.033 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
AMPA receptor potentiators: from drug design to cognitive enhancement
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Authors: Lynch, G.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Lynch, Gary
ORCID: Lynch, Gary
Venue: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2014
Volume: 8
Pages: 90-90
ISSN: 1662-5137 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00090
PMC: PMC4033242
OpenAlex: W2110892837
Cited by: 46
References: 168
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 0.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Science Foundation (1146708)
University of California, Irvine
Office of Naval Research
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS045260, NS045260)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Keywords: cognitive enhancement, memory enhancement, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, genetic engineering, transcription and translation, excitatory synaptic transmission, cortical networks, learning

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