Brain corticotropin-releasing factor mediates ‘anxiety-like’ behavior induced by cocaine withdrawal in rats
Open accessAbstract
Anxiety is a key symptom of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome in human addicts, and it is considered to be one of the major factors in precipitating relapse to chronic cocaine abuse. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, and it may also be involved in the acute behavioral and neuroendocrine actions of cocaine. The role of endogenous CRF in cocaine withdrawal-induced anxiety was investigated in the present study. Animals were subjected to chronic cocaine (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once a day for 14 days) administration. Rats tested 30 min after the last cocaine injection did not show withdrawal anxiety on the elevated plus maze or any alterations in brain CRF levels. Withdrawal (48 h) from chronic cocaine administration produced an intense anxiety-like behavior characterized by decreased open arm exploration. Immunoreactive CRF (CRF-LI) levels were selectively altered in the hypothalamus, in the amygdala and in the basal forebrain structures at the time of the behavioral anxiety, reflecting an increased activity of brain CRF systems. Daily intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with an immunoserum raised against CRF completely prevented the development of anxiety induced by cocaine withdrawal. These data suggest that extrahypothalamic-limbic CRF hypersecretion may be involved in the development of anxiety related to cocaine withdrawal and that the CRF system may be a useful target for new pharmacotherapies for cocaine withdrawal and relapse.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This CRF release produces a withdrawal-induced anxiety state that is reversed by CRF-R1 antagonists.
“This CRF release produces a withdrawal-induced anxiety state that is reversed by CRF-R1 antagonists (Sarnyai et al 1995; Tucci et al 2003; Knapp et al 2004; Skelton et al 2007).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Sarnyai et al 1995
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 315,771 · see citing works
Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat
Pellow, S., Chopin, P., File, S. E., & Briley, M. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(85)90031-7 · Cited by 5,822 · see citing works
REGIONAL STUDIES OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE RAT BRAIN‐I
Glowinski, J., & Iversen, L. L. (1966) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1966.tb09873.x · Cited by 5,436 · see citing works
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689 · see citing works
Swanson, L. W., Sawchenko, P. E., Rivier, J., & Vale, W. W. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123454 · Cited by 1,953 · see citing works
Dunn, A. J., & Berridge, C. W. (1990) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(90)90012-d · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin-releasing factor.
Owens, M. J., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1991) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06673-6 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Abstinence Symptomatology and Psychiatric Diagnosis in Cocaine Abusers
Gawin, F. H. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800020013003 · Cited by 1,143 · see citing works
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression
Gold, P. W., Goodwin, F. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198808183190706 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
(1969) · Occupational Therapy the Official Journal of the Association of Occupational Therapists · doi:10.1177/030802266903200417 · Cited by 983 · see citing works
Gold, P. W., Loriaux, D. L., Roy, A., Kling, M. A., Calabrese, J. R., Kellner, C. H., Nieman, L. K., Post, R. M., Pickar, D., Gallucci, W. T., et al. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198605223142101 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Cocaine Addiction: Psychology and Neurophysiology
Gawin, F. H. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2011738 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Reduced Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Sites in the Frontal Cortex of Suicide Victims
Nemeroff, C. B. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800300075009 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Rassnick, S., Heinrichs, S. C., Britton, K. T., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91352-s · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Weiss, F., Markou, A., Lorang, M. T., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91327-b · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Potter, E., Behan, D. P., Linton, E. A., Lowry, P. J., Sawchenko, P. E., & Vale, W. W. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.4192 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing factor has an anxiogenic action in the social interaction test
Dunn, A. J. (1987) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0018-506x(87)90044-4 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Britton, K. T., Lee, G., Vale, W., Rivier, J., & Koob, G. F. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90539-1 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
RIVIER, C. L., & Vale, W. W. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90953-x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing factor: long-lasting facilitation of the acoustic startle reflex
Liang, K., Melia, K., Miserendino, M., Falls, W., Campeau, S., & Davis, M. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-06-02303.1992 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Britton, K. T., Morgan, J., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00431704 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Liang, K., Melia, K., Campeau, S., Falls, W., Miserendino, M., & Davis, M. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-06-02313.1992 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Raised corticosterone in the rat after exposure to the elevated plus-maze
File, S. E., Zangrossi, H., Sanders, F. L., et al. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245237 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
New vistas in neuropeptide research in neuropsychiatry: focus on corticotropin-releasing factor.
Nemeroff, C. B. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Sarnyai, Z., Bíró, É., Penke, B., & Telegdy, G. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91176-f · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationAntagonism of endogenous CRH systems attenuates stress-induced freezing behavior in rats.
Kalin, N., Sherman, J. E., & Takahashi, L. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90064-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aminergic mechanisms in corpus striatum and amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour
Fog, R., Randrup, A. A., & Pakkenberg, H. (1967) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00401255 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
β-adrenergic antagonists attenuate withdrawal anxiety in cocaine-and morphine-dependent rats
Harris, G. C., & Aston‐Jones, G. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244345 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Desmethylimipramine attenuates cocaine withdrawal in rats
Markou, A., Hauger, R. L., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245878 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Gawin, F. H., & Ellinwood, E. H. (1989) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.001053 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Kamilaris, T. C., Johnson, E. O., Calogero, A. E., Kalogeras, K. T., Bernardini, R., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.4.1312423 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cocaine stimulates rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro
Calogero, A. E., Gallucci, W. T., Kling, M. A., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90109-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mendelson, J. H., TEOH, S. K., Mello, N. K., Ellingboe, J., & Rhoades, E. M. (1992) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)10378-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cocaine withdrawal produces behavioral disruptions in rats
Carroll, M. E., & Lac, S. T. (1987) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(87)90009-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Chronic cocaine administration alters corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the rat brain
Goeders, N. E., Bienvenu, O. J., & Souza, E. B. D. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90794-c · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Stimulatory Effect of Cocaine on ACTH Secretion: Role of the Hypothalamus
RIVIER, C. L., & Lee, S. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1994.1021 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bíró, É., Sarnyai, Z., Penke, B., Szabó, G., & Telegdy, G. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126377 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiogenic properties of cocaine withdrawal
Wood, D. M., & Lal, H. (1987) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(87)90619-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pich, E. M., Koob, G. F., Heilig, M. A., Menzaghi, F., Vale, W., & Weiss, F. (1993) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90435-i · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Dopamine efflux during withdrawal from continuous or intermittent cocaine
King, G. R., Kuhn, C. M., & Ellinwood, E. H. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245520 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sarnyai, Z., Bíró, É., Gardi, J., Vecsernyés, M., Julesz, J., & Telegdy, G. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90224-b · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationHammer, R. P., Pires, W. S., Markou, A., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890140110 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sarnyai, Z., Hőhn, J., Szabó, G., et al. (1992) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(92)90151-e · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationCocaine effects on pulsatile secretion of ACTH in men.
TEOH, S. K., Sarnyai, Z., Mendelson, J. H., Mello, N. K., Springer, S. A., Sholar, J. W., Wapler, M., Kuehnle, J. C., & Gelles, H. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)22518-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAntibodies in Passive Immunization Studies: Characteristics and Consequences
van Oers, J. W. A. M., & Tilders, F. J. H. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-128-1-496 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Linton, E. A., & Lowry, P. J. (1982) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(82)90064-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mendelson, J. H., TEOH, S. K., Mello, N. K., & Ellingboe, J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
King, G. R., Joyner, C., & Ellinwood, E. H. (1993) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90509-r · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Iodination of Peptide Hormones and Purification of Iodinated Peptides by HPLC
Janáky, T., Tóth, G. K., Penke, B., et al. (1982) · Journal of Liquid Chromatography · doi:10.1080/01483918208062847 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Catecholamine sulfates: End products or metabolic intermediates?
Demassieux, S., Bordeleau, L., Gravel, D. H., et al. (1987) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(87)90358-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Evaluation of Putative Anxiolytics in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test
Reibaud, M., & Böhme, G. A. (1993) · Methods in neurosciences · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-185277-1.50019-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
CORTICOTROPHIN‐RELEASING FACTOR‐LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN HUMAN 24 H URINE
Maser‐Gluth, C., & Vecsei, P. (1989) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1989.tb00439.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.110 · Cited by 5,340 · see citing works
The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings
Shaham, Y., Shalev, U., Lu, L., de Wit, H., & Stewart, J. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1224-x · Cited by 1,615 · see citing works
A Role for Brain Stress Systems in Addiction
Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.012 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress
Carrasco, G. A., & Van de Kar, L. D. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01285-8 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Drug dependence: stress and dysregulation of brain reward pathways
Kreek, M. J., & Koob, G. F. (1998) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00064-7 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Addiction as a stress surfeit disorder
Koob, G. F., Buck, C. L., Cohen, A., Edwards, S., Park, P. E., Schlosburg, J. E., Schmeichel, B., Vendruscolo, L. F., Wade, C. L., Whitfield, T. W., et al. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.024 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
The dark side of emotion: the addiction perspective
Koob, G. F. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.044 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal
S. Watkins, G. F. K. (2000) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200050011277 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Schulkin, J., W. Gold, P., & S. McEwen, B. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00099-1 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Addiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder
Koob, G. F. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00072 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction
Koob, G. F. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.038 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Shaham, Y., Funk, D., Erb, S., Brown, T. J., Walker, C.-D., & Stewart, J. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-07-02605.1997 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Burkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“This CRF release produces a withdrawal-induced anxiety state that is reversed by CRF-R1 antagonists (Sarnyai et al. 1995; Tucci et al. 2003; Knapp et al. 2004; Skelton et al. 2007).”
Salmaso, N., Rodaros, D., Stewart, J., & Erb, S. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000642 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The dark side of food addiction
Parylak, S. L., Koob, G. F., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.063 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Olive, M. F., Koenig, H. N., Nannini, M. A., & Hodge, C. W. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00748-1 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Lowry, C. A., Rodda, J. E., Lightman, S. L., & Ingram, C. D. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07728.2000 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Smith, R. J., & Aston-Jones, G. (2008) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-008-0191-3 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Opponent Process Model and Psychostimulant Addiction
Koob, G. F., Caine, S. B., Parsons, L., Markou, A., & Weiss, F. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00438-8 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Allostasis and addiction: role of the dopamine and corticotropin-releasing factor systems
George, O., Le Moal, M., & Koob, G. F. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.004 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Neurobiology of dysregulated motivational systems in drug addiction
Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F. (2010) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl.10.14 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Development of pharmacotherapies for drug addiction: a Rosetta stone approach
Koob, G. F., Kenneth Lloyd, G., & Mason, B. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2828 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Stinus, L., Cador, M., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300487 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Making a bad thing worse: adverse effects of stress on drug addiction
Cleck, J. N., & Blendy, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci33946 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Martin-Fardon, R., Zorrilla, E. P., Ciccocioppo, R., & Weiss, F. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.027 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Tan, H., Zhong, P., & Yan, Z. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0143-04.2004 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Erb, S., Shaham, Y., & Stewart, J. (2001) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890109014753 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hellberg, S. N., Levit, J. D., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.036 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Morabbi, M.-J., Razaghi, E., Moazen-Zadeh, E., Safi-Aghdam, H., Zarrindast, M. R., Vousoghi, N., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2018) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000200 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wang, L., Shen, M., Jiang, C., Ma, L., & Wang, F. (2016) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw060 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Co-Occurring Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Neurobiological Effects of Chronic Stress
Brady, K. T., & Sinha, R. (2007) · Focus · doi:10.1176/foc.5.2.foc229 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sarnyai, Z., Bíró, É., Gardi, J., Vecsernyés, M., Julesz, J., & Telegdy, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Szeged (HU)
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 675
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 89-97
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990678641
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, cocaine withdrawal, anxiety-like behavior, hypothalamus, amygdala, basal forebrain, relapse, cocaine dependence, elevated plus maze, open arm exploration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Cocaine, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Injections, Intraventricular, Male, Radioimmunoassay, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
