Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences

G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences

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A power primer.

Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771

Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses

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Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.

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Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs

Lakens, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863 · Cited by 10,303

Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466601164939 · Cited by 9,970

Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science

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A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.

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The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.

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An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research

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Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 · Cited by 7,806

The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405282471 · Cited by 7,403

Using pls path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines

Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-09-2015-0382 · Cited by 7,173

A systematic analysis of performance measures for classification tasks

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A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis

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A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627 · Cited by 7,176

Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review

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Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes

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A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-Mail Emotion/Adoption Study

Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018 · Cited by 6,479

Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes

Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682

Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research

Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.

Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815

Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.

Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 · Cited by 5,758

Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment

Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486

The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition

Salthouse, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403 · Cited by 5,902

Matching Methods for Causal Inference: A Review and a Look Forward

Stuart, E. A. (2010) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/09-sts313 · Cited by 5,478

Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.

Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436

Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis

Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069 · Cited by 5,446

Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation.

Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0024338 · Cited by 5,199

Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults

Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243

GPOWER: A general power analysis program

Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03203630 · Cited by 4,864

Using PLS Path Modeling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration1

Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/20650284 · Cited by 4,944

Required sample size to detect the mediated effect

Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x · Cited by 4,810

Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research

Sirin, S. R. (2005) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543075003417 · Cited by 4,687

Measures of Reliability in Sports Medicine and Science

Hopkins, W. G. (2000) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001 · Cited by 4,635

The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis

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Validation and Standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the General Population

Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318160d093 · Cited by 4,527

Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.

Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016059 · Cited by 4,427

Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research

Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004 · Cited by 4,369

Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I² index?

Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Marín-Martínez, F., & Botella, J. (2006) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.193 · Cited by 4,256

Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating

Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204 · Cited by 4,253

Depression Is a Risk Factor for Noncompliance With Medical Treatment: Meta-analysis of the Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Patient Adherence

DiMatteo, M. R., Lepper, H. S., & Croghan, T. W. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.2101 · Cited by 4,177

A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006824100041 · Cited by 4,071

Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.90.4.293 · Cited by 3,991

Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits

Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7 · Cited by 3,958

The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use

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Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and/or mid-quartile range

Luo, D., Wan, X., Liu, J., & Tong, T. (2018) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280216669183 · Cited by 4,066

The earth is round (p < .05).

Cohen, J. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.12.997 · Cited by 4,003

Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A Revised Measure of Psychological Inflexibility and Experiential Avoidance

Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 · Cited by 3,950

Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models: An Evaluation of Power, Bias, and Solution Propriety

Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164413495237 · Cited by 3,931

The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846

Validity of the Executive Function Theory of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review

Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568

Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modeling

Maas, C. J. M., & Hox, J. J. (2005) · Methodology · doi:10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86 · Cited by 3,582

Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations

Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Wyrwich, K. W., Beaton, D., Cleeland, C. S., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Kerns, R. D., Ader, D. N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.005 · Cited by 3,471

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses

Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1 · Cited by 3,445

Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment.

Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.004 · Cited by 3,476

An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers.

Ferguson, C. J. (2009) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0015808 · Cited by 3,467

The polyvagal perspective.

Porges, S. W. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009 · Cited by 3,415

Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Sleep Parameters From Childhood to Old Age in Healthy Individuals: Developing Normative Sleep Values Across the Human Lifespan

Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349

New Effect Size Rules of Thumb

Sawilowsky, S. S. (2009) · Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods · doi:10.22237/jmasm/1257035100 · Cited by 3,254

Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis

Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.

Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015575 · Cited by 3,257

The New Statistics: Why and How

Cumming, G. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613504966 · Cited by 3,200

The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses

Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003 · Cited by 3,215

Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236

A Review of Scale Development Practices in the Study of Organizations

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Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students

Moss-Racusin, C. A., Dovidio, J. F., Brescoll, V. L., Graham, M. J., & Handelsman, J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211286109 · Cited by 3,150

The gender similarities hypothesis.

Hyde, J. S. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.581 · Cited by 3,084

Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects.

Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0022658 · Cited by 3,060

The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version.

Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 · Cited by 2,959

The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work.

Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 · Cited by 2,994

A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks

Epskamp, S., & Fried, E. I. (2018) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000167 · Cited by 2,918

An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.08.001 · Cited by 2,906

How Many Imputations are Really Needed? Some Practical Clarifications of Multiple Imputation Theory

Graham, J. W., Olchowski, A. E., & Gilreath, T. D. (2007) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-007-0070-9 · Cited by 2,795

Consistent Partial Least Squares Path Modeling1

Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2015/39.2.02 · Cited by 2,898

Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations.

Wilkinson, L., & Task Force on Statistical Inference (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.8.594 · Cited by 2,791

Why Don’t Men Ever Stop to Ask for Directions? Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior1

Venkatesh, V., & Morris, M. G. (2000) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250981 · Cited by 2,780

Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives.

van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504 · Cited by 2,714

Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media

Clark, R. E. (1983) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543053004445 · Cited by 2,715

Gender Differences in Depression in Representative National Samples: Meta-Analyses of Diagnoses and Symptoms

Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000102 · Cited by 2,622

Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis

Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020327 · Cited by 2,677

Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review

Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1 · Cited by 2,621

Minimum sample size estimation in PLS‐SEM: The inverse square root and gamma‐exponential methods

Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12131 · Cited by 2,621

Mediators and Moderators of Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials

Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. G., & Agras, W. S. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.877 · Cited by 2,562

A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population

Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., Schneider, A., & Brähler, E. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019 · Cited by 2,473

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis

Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D., Richter, F., Samara, M., Barbui, C., Engel, R. R., Geddes, J. R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60733-3 · Cited by 2,561

Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment

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A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys

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Cues to deception

DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.74 · Cited by 2,479

Fear and loathing across party lines: New evidence on group polarization

Iyengar, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2015) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12152 · Cited by 2,452

Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: a meta-analytic review

Archer, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.651 · Cited by 2,507

Big data analytics and firm performance: Effects of dynamic capabilities

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Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy

Turner, E. H., Matthews, A. M., Linardatos, E., Tell, R. A., & Rosenthal, R. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa065779 · Cited by 2,435

Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies

Hertzog, M. A. (2008) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20247 · Cited by 2,337

PREDICTORS OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE CAREER SUCCESS: A META‐ANALYSIS

NG, T. W. H., EBY, L. T., SORENSEN, K. L., & FELDMAN, D. C. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x · Cited by 2,412

Personality and coping.

Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352 · Cited by 2,424

Multiple inference and gender differences in the effects of early intervention: A reevaluation of the Abecedarian, Perry Preschool, and Early Training Projects

Anderson, M. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214508000000841 · Cited by 2,410

Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M. S., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., Berger, Z., Sleicher, D., Maron, D. D., Shihab, H. M., et al. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 · Cited by 2,380

Effect Sizes for Interpreting Changes in Health Status

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How to Use a Monte Carlo Study to Decide on Sample Size and Determine Power

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