The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 65 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 outbreak is associated with mental health implications during viral infection and at short-term follow-up. Data on psychiatric and cognitive sequelae at medium-term follow-up are still lacking. During an ongoing prospective cohort study, the psychopathological and cognitive status of 226 COVID-19 pneumonia survivors (149 male, mean age 58) were prospectively evaluated one and three months after hospital discharge. Psychiatric clinical interview, self-report questionnaires, and neuropsychological profiling of verbal memory, working memory, psychomotor coordination, executive functions, attention and information processing, and verbal fluency were performed. Three months after discharge from the hospital, 35.8% still self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension. We observed persistent depressive symptomatology, while PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia decreased during follow-up. Sex, previous psychiatric history, and the presence of depression at one month affected the depressive symptomatology at three months. Regardless of clinical physical severity, 78% of the sample showed poor performances in at least one cognitive domain, with executive functions and psychomotor coordination being impaired in 50% and 57% of the sample. Baseline systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which reflects the immune response and systemic inflammation based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, predicted self-rated depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment at three-months follow-up; and changes of SII predicted changes of depression during follow-up. Neurocognitive impairments associated with severity of depressive psychopathology, and processing speed, verbal memory and fluency, and psychomotor coordination were predicted by baseline SII. We hypothesize that COVID-19 could result in prolonged systemic inflammation that predisposes patients to persistent depression and associated neurocognitive dysfunction. The linkage between inflammation, depression, and neurocognition in patients with COVID-19 should be investigated in long-term longitudinal studies, to better personalize treatment options for COVID-19 survivors.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 65 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed persistent depressive symptomatology, while PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia decreased during follow-up.”
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
“From the one-month to the three-month follow-up, patients showed a significant decrease over time of PTSD symptoms (IES-R: F = 21.29, p = 0.001; PCL-5: F = 9.07, p = 0.003), anxiety (STAI-state: F = 11.28, p = 0.001), and insomnia (WHIIRS: F = 9.36, p = 0.003), irrespectively of sex and previous psychiatric history”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, depression (according to ZSDS and BDI) did not significantly change; and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology significantly worsened (F = 4.84, p = 0.030) with no effect of sex and psychiatric history”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Psychopathology and need for treatment
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed persistent depressive symptomatology, while PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia decreased during follow-up.”
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
“From the one-month to the three-month follow-up, patients showed a significant decrease over time of PTSD symptoms (IES-R: F = 21.29, p = 0.001; PCL-5: F = 9.07, p = 0.003)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed persistent depressive symptomatology, while PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia decreased during follow-up.”
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
“From the one-month to the three-month follow-up, patients showed a significant decrease over time of PTSD symptoms (IES-R: F = 21.29, p = 0.001; PCL-5: F = 9.07, p = 0.003), anxiety (STAI-state: F = 11.28, p = 0.001), and insomnia (WHIIRS: F = 9.36, p = 0.003), irrespectively of sex and previous psychiatric history”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, depression (according to ZSDS and BDI) did not significantly change”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Psychopathology and need for treatment
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three months after discharge from the hospital, 35.8% still self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension.”
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
“Three months after hospital discharge 81/226 patients (35.8%) self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the latter also influenced by the main effect of SII (χ2 = 7.636, p = 0.0057)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Effect of inflammatory biomarkers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but not in less severe patients treated at home, SII associated with worse BDI and ZSDS scores correcting for sex and age”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Effect of inflammatory biomarkers
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neurocognitive impairments associated with severity of depressive psychopathology, and processing speed, verbal memory and fluency, and psychomotor coordination were predicted by baseline SII.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only 25 patients (19%) showed equivalent scores within the normal range in all domains”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Neurocognitive functioning
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 33
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inspection of data (Fig. 1 ) shows highly dispersed depression ratings at low levels of inflammation, with more severe symptoms at higher levels of inflammation.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Effect of inflammatory biomarkers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 9% of patients with no previous psychiatric history and 32% of patients with positive previous psychiatric history were prescribed psychotropic drugs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors alone, or combined with sleep-inducing benzodiazepines).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Psychopathology and need for treatment
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“patients who showed a marked decrease of SII also showed a decrease of depression severity, while patients who showed minor changes of SII showed persistent or worsening depression.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Effect of inflammatory biomarkers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sex, previous psychiatric history, and the presence of depression at one month affected the depressive symptomatology at three months.”
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
“in patients with previous lifetime psychiatric history (ZSDS: β = 0.15, F = 4.66, p = 0.32; BDI-13: β = 0.23, F = 10.65, p = 0.001)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Psychopathology and need for treatment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A GLZM analysis of the effects of SII at hospital admission on severity of depression at three months, also considering sex, hospitalization, and age as factors, showed that best performing models according to AIC always included SII and significantly explained the variation of depression severity (χ2 = 56.536, p < 0.0001 for BDI; χ2 = 42.417, p < 0.0001 for ZSDS index scores).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Results > Effect of inflammatory biomarkers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“other symptoms probably more related to acute psychological stressors such as PTSD, insomnia, and anxiety decrease over time”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“attention and information processing, verbal memory, and psychomotor coordination were among the affected domains”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“we observed that females, patients with positive psychiatric history, patients with shorter hospitalization, and patients who presented psychopathology at one-month follow-up showed higher depressive symptomatology (Mazza et al., 2020)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mazza et al., 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistently with previous literature, we observed a high rate of cognitive deficits in COVID-19 survivors at three months, irrespective of medical severity of the illness, with only 22% of the sample showing a good performance in all the investigated domains.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When appropriate, levels of significance were corrected for multiple comparisons with the method of the adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the FDR and q-values (FDR-adjusted p-value) were considered.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Material and methods > Statistical analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess psychopathology: Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) (Creamer et al., 2003), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) (Armour et al., 2016), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) (Zung, 1965), 13-item Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-13) (Beck and Steer, 1984), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y) (Vigneau and Cormier, 2008), Women’s”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Material and methods > Clinical and neuropsychological assessment
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three-month follow-up cohort did not differ from the drop-out group and from the initial cohort in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical severity, and one-month psychopathology after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction (See Supplementary material).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Material and methods > Design and study population
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Considering that domain scores were adjusted according to normative Italian scores for the BACS subtests in patients aged 18–70 years, we did not perform cognitive assessment in patients older than 70 years (Anselmetti et al., 2008).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Material and methods > Clinical and neuropsychological assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anselmetti et al., 2008 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 130Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Emerging data show that COVID-19 outbreak is associated with delirium, fatigue, confusion, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and insomnia in the context of acute viral infection or at short-term follow-up after clinical recovery”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the persistent psychological stress before and during infection (Korman et al., 2020, Vai et al., 2020), and a possible direct viral infections of the central nervous system represent possible mechanisms to induce neuropsychiatric sequelae (Troyer et al., 2020).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“T helper (Th)-1 cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, CXCL10, and CCL2; and Th-2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist are all elevated in the serum of COVID-19 patients (Coperchini et al., 2020) in a “cytokine storm” typically associated with the illness.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Coperchini et al., 2020 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Peripheral cytokines involved in the host anti-viral response may elicit psychiatric symptoms by precipitating inflammation in the periphery and in central nervous system (CNS) (Dantzer, 2018).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dantzer, 2018 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Moreover, significant stressors such as fear of severe and unknown disease, loneliness, stigma, and the denial contribute to widespread emotional distress and increased risk for psychiatric illness in COVID-19 patients (Pfefferbaum and North, 2020).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pfefferbaum and North, 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A parallel decrease of PTSD, anxiety and insomnia over time suggests specific long lasting depressive sequelae in COVID-19 survivors.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Higher immune/inflammatory setpoints with higher circulating biomarkers of inflammation are observed in mood disorders in the absence of known triggering factors, and are currently investigated as underpinning pathogenetic mechanisms for depressive psychopathology (Gibney and Drexhage, 2013, Grosse et al., 2015, Poletti et al., 2020b).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gibney and Drexhage, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Grosse et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Poletti et al., 2020b
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The quality of the statistical model was checked using the entropy maximization principle of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) (Akaike, 1974).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Material and methods > Statistical analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akaike, 1974 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“other symptoms probably more related to acute psychological stressors such as PTSD, insomnia, and anxiety”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This finding is consistent with the reported higher depression in convalescent COVID-19 patients with higher NLR (Yuan et al., 2020).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yuan et al., 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In COVID-19, a dysexecutive syndrome in a third of survivors was described (Helms et al., 2020)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Helms et al., 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“We also observed a protective effect against depression of cytokine-blocking agents (anakinra, a recombinant version of the human IL-1β receptor antagonist, and tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor), possibly associated with their effect in dampening SII, in hospitalized male patients surviving severe, life-threatening COVID-19 (Benedetti et al., 2020b).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benedetti et al., 2020b
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The limited health care resources and patient’s compliance related to the clinical setting forced us to choose an unstructured interview format instead of a structured clinical interview.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“and of IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ with white matter (WM) microstructure, with levels of inflammatory cytokines being inversely related with measures of WM integrity (Benedetti et al., 2016)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benedetti et al., 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Considering together three complementary cells mediating different immune or inflammatory pathways, SII is less affected by confounding conditions, and more predictive in evaluating chronic systemic inflammatory status than neutrophils, platelets or lymphocytes separately (Gibson et al., 2007).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gibson et al., 2007 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Platelets act as a nonspecific early inflammatory marker, mediating endothelial permeability and drawing neutrophils and macrophages and their effector functions.
In the paper
“as well as cognitive dysfunction in sustained attention domain possibly linked to the underlying inflammatory processes measured with CRP (Zhou et al., 2020a).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhou et al., 2020a
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Many studies have implied that inflammation activation is inextricably linked to cognitive dysfunction suggesting a primary role of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α (Beydoun et al., 2019, Gorelick, 2010, McAfoose and Baune, 2009).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In this context, we have previously found that higher inflammation, quantified by SII, is associated with higher depression in COVID-19 survivors (Mazza et al., 2020).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mazza et al., 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the lifetime speed of information processing closely associates with WM microstructure in humans and in animal models (Bartzokis et al., 2012, Kochunov et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2013)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently, elevated NLR was described in mild cognitive impairment, while platelet/lymphocyte ratio and SII associated with risk of dementia in the general population (An et al., 2019, van der Willik et al., 2019).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites An et al., 2019
- Not checked yetcites van der Willik et al., 2019 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“We also associated this WM phenotype with neurocognitive dysfunctions (Poletti et al., 2015)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Poletti et al., 2015 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In patients with a depressive episode in course of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Bipolar Disorder (BD), we have previously reported an association of peripheral IL-8, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL4 with cortical thickness (Poletti et al., 2019)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Poletti et al., 2019 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“of IL‐1β, IL-9, CCL5 with brain glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, and Myo-Inositol levels (Poletti et al., 2020a)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Poletti et al., 2020a
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Neutrophils are critical for starting and regulating the innate immune defense through phagocytosis, apoptotic action, chemotactic role, oxidative stress, and secretion of inflammatory mediators (Nathan, 2006).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nathan, 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we can surmise that subtle effects on structural and functional brain connectivity could mediate the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on neurocognition”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“with levels of inflammatory cytokines being inversely related with measures of WM integrity (Benedetti et al., 2016)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benedetti et al., 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These effects were influenced both, by the presence of psychopathology, and by systemic inflammation, thus confirming the connection between depression, inflammation, and cognition.”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Depressed patients are characterized by higher levels of cytokines when compared to healthy controls with consistent results in literature when considering IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CCL2, TNF-α, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (Enache et al., 2019, Eyre et al., 2016, Howren et al., 2009, Kohler et al., 2017, Poletti et al., 2020b).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we were not able to assess the neurocognition in all patients but only in a subsample”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“SII, considering together neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte, is an objective marker of the balance between host systemic inflammation and immune response (Huang et al., 2019).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Huang et al., 2019 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recruitment was in a single center, thus raising the possibility of population stratification”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies have proven that these inflammatory ratios can be used as inflammatory biomarkers in depression (Mazza et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2020b).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Finally, lymphocytes are primarily involved in adaptive immunity, with a regulatory or protective function (Alberts, 2008).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Alberts, 2008
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Inflammation is known to be associated to depression inducing brain-blood-barrier disruption, microglia activation, neurotransmission alteration, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) activation, and oxidative stress (Benedetti et al., 2020a, Miller and Raison, 2016).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benedetti et al., 2020a
- Not checked yetcites Miller and Raison, 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Platelet activation is mediated by serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, cytokines and P-selectin, all of them plays an important role in psychiatric disorders (Dietrich-Muszalska and Wachowicz, 2017).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietrich-Muszalska and Wachowicz, 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an effect proportional to illness duration (Melloni et al., 2019)”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Melloni et al., 2019 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the public health implications of such effects will be significant and demanding for the psychiatric services”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: COVID-19 infection has a global burden.
In the paper
“NLR, MLR and SII are low-cost, suitable for clinical routine analysis, and reproducible markers of the systemic inflammatory response, which can be easily derived from blood cell essay and determined under simple laboratory conditions (Balta et al., 2013).”
§ Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balta et al., 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The delayed or long-term incidence of neuropsychiatric complications in COVID-19 survivors is unknown.
“Beyond acute or sub-acute sequelae, the delayed or long-term incidence of neuropsychiatric complications in COVID-19 survivors are still unknown.”
The paper relies on this without support.
This was the first prospective study to investigate psychiatric and neurocognitive sequelae at medium-term follow-up in COVID-19 survivors.
“This is the first study to prospectively investigate the psychiatric and neurocognitive sequelae at a medium-term follow-up in COVID-19 survivors.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Platelets act as a nonspecific early inflammatory marker, mediating endothelial permeability and drawing neutrophils and macrophages and their effector functions.
“Platelets are an aspecific first line inflammatory marker that mediate endothelial permeability and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and their effector functions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Depression is associated with a markedly increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
“depression associates with a markedly increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality”
The paper relies on this without support.
COVID-19 infection has a global burden.
“given the global burden of COVID-19 infection”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This confirms results from Mazza et al. (2021) where PTSD reported using PCL-5 decreased with longer follow-up in COVID-19 patients.”
From Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as Mazza et al., 2021
In the citing paper
“It is thus not surprising that the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are proving to be both common and debilitating (Nasserie et al., 2021; Mazza et al., 2021; Qureshi et al., 2022; Becker et al., 2021; Tabacof et al., 2022).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Mazza et al., 2021
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentz = 2.98reported p = .0026 · recomputed p = .003
“Z = 2.980, p = .0026”
The paper states an exact rank test
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
BDI-13 clinical cutoff changes between methods and results
MinorThe methods define the BDI-13 cutoff as at least 9, but Table 1 counts patients using a cutoff of at least 8.
“BDI-13 ≥ 8 Yes (%)”
“BDI-13 ≥ 9”
Cognitive-performance categories omit 21 assessed patients
MinorThe listed mutually exclusive categories total 109 patients, although the paper says cognitive functions were assessed in 130 patients. The account does not identify a category for the remaining 21.
Reported 130 · recomputed 109
“Only 25 patients (19%) showed equivalent scores within the normal range in all domains, whereas 21 (16%) were poor performers in at least one function, 22 (17%) in two, 18 (14%) in three, 14 (11%) in four, 7 (5%) in five, and 2 (1.5%) showed no good performance at all.”
Share with normal cognition changes from 19% to 22%
MinorThe results say 19% performed normally in every domain, while the discussion describes the same outcome as 22% of the sample.
“Only 25 patients (19%) showed equivalent scores within the normal range in all domains”
“only 22% of the sample showing a good performance in all the investigated domains.”
Citations
Cites
A new look at the statistical model identification
Akaike, H. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705 · Cited by 51,879 · cited 2×
“A GLZM analysis of the effects of SII at hospital admission on severity of depression at three months, also considering sex, hospitalization, and age as factors, showed that best performing models according to AIC always included SII and significantly explained the variation of depression severity (χ2 = 56.536, p < 0.…”
Influential(2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-27255-0_9 · Cited by 20,333
McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. A. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3242-6 · Cited by 16,836
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · cited 1×
“…Scale - Revised (IES-R) (Creamer et al., 2003), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) (Armour et al., 2016), Zung SelfRating Depression Scale (ZSDS) (Zung, 1965), 13-item Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-13) (Beck and Steer, 1984), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y) (Vigneau and Cormier,…”
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression
Mehta, P., McAuley, D. F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R. S., & Manson, J. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0 · Cited by 9,664 · cited 4×
“T helper (Th)-1 cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, CXCL10, and CCL2; and Th-2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist are all elevated in the serum of COVID-19 patients (Coperchini et al., 2020) in a “cytokine storm” typically assoc…”
InfluentialAn Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis
Agresti, A. (2006) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/0470114754 · Cited by 6,775
WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard
e, C. R. D. I. (2020) · Bangladesh Physiotherapy Journal · doi:10.46945/bpj.10.1.03.01 · Cited by 5,465
Alberts, B., Johnson, A. D., Lewis, J. H., RAFF, M. C., Roberts, K. J., & Walter, P. (2007) · W.W. Norton eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203833445 · Cited by 4,591
Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic
Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2008017 · Cited by 4,378 · cited 1×
“Moreover, significant stressors such as fear of severe and unknown disease, loneliness, stigma, and the denial contribute to widespread emotional distress and increased risk for psychiatric illness in COVID-19 patients (Pfefferbaum and North, 2020).”
The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target
Miller, A. H., & Raison, C. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2015.5 · Cited by 3,942 · cited 2×
“…al. Brain Behavior and Immunity 94 (2021) 138–147 M.G. Mazza et al. Brain Behavior and Immunity 94 (2021) 138–147 disruption, microglia activation, neurotransmission alteration, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) activation, and oxidative stress (Benedetti et al., 2020a; Miller and Raison, 2016).”
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 78 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 526
Do gastrointestinal symptoms influence neurocognitive functioning in COVID-19 patients?
Megari, K., Thomaidou, E., Theodoratou, M., Kougioumtzis, G. Α., Papadopoulou, S. L., Katsarou, D. V., & Argiriadou, E. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111147 · Cited by 3
Adibi, A., Motahharynia, A., Adibi, I., & Sanayei, M. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00193-7 · Cited by 3
Zhang, W., Gorelik, A. J., Wang, Q., Norton, S. A., Hershey, T. G., Arpana Agrawal, A., Bijsterbosch, J. D., & Bogdan, R. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100722 · Cited by 3
Gonjilashvili, A., & Tatishvili, S. (2024) · American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100364 · Cited by 3
Merolla, A., LORENZO, R. D., L., P. G., Critelli, S., Palladini, M., Damanti, S., Vitali, G., Canti, V., Cilla, M., Martinenghi, S., et al. (2024) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000537 · Cited by 3
Self-citationInflammatory Markers Predict Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Acute COVID-19 Patients
LORENZO, R. D., Lorè, N. I., Finardi, A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158259 · Cited by 3
Self-citation“Brain Fog” After COVID-19 Infection: How the Field of Neuropsychology Can Help Clear the Air
Widmann, C. N., Henkel, C., & Seibert, S. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_5 · Cited by 3
Nagy, B., Protzner, A. B., Czigler, B., & Gaál, Z. A. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01324-8 · Cited by 3
Holland, J. F., Brown, S. A., O'Flanagan, S., Savinelli, S., McCann, K., Gaynor, K., Mallon, P. W. G., Feeney, E. R., Kenny, G., Boyd, C., et al. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70027 · Cited by 3
Potokiri, A., Omeiza, N. A., Ajayi, A. M., Adeleke, P. A., Alagbonsi, A. I., & Iwalewa, E. O. (2024) · Current Research in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100132 · Cited by 3
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Poletti, S., et al. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.086 · Cited by 3
Self-citationNeurological manifestations in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Sсherbak, S. G., Голота, А. С., Kamilova, Т. A., Vologzhanin, D. A., & Макаренко, С. В. (2022) · Physical and rehabilitation medicine medical rehabilitation · doi:10.36425/rehab109952 · Cited by 3
Hazumi, M., Usuda, K., Okazaki, E., et al. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0227.v1 · Cited by 3
Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Attention, Memory, and Sensorimotor PerformancePreprint
O’Connor, E. E., Rednam, N., O’Brien, R., O’Brien, S., Rock, P., Levine, A. R., & Zeffiro, T. A. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.22280222 · Cited by 3
castrillo, R. P. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1081.v1 · Cited by 2
Poletti, S., Zanardi, R., Mandelli, A., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.23295407 · Cited by 3
Self-citationMagnetoencephalography Reveals Neuroprotective Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Non-Human PrimatesPreprint
Stapleton-Kotloski, J. R., Rowland, J. A., Davenport, A. T., Epperly, P. M., Blevins, M. W., Godwin, D. W., Ewing, D. F., Liang, Z., Sundaram, A. K., Petrovsky, N., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.14.638187 · Cited by 3
Gasnier, M., Pinson, P., Beeker, N., Truong-Allié, C., Becquemont, L., Falissard, B., Corruble, E., & Colle, R. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02739-7 · Cited by 2
Profundizando en la fatiga del síndrome post-COVID
Gómez-Eguílaz, M., López-Alava, S., Trapero, J. L. R., Castillo-Álvarez, F., Loizaga, N. G., García-Penco, C., Boukichou-Abdelkader, N., & Pérez‐Martínez, L. (2024) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2023.09.001 · Cited by 3
Wan, Z., Wan, Q., Qin, X., Wang, G., Lin, H., Jin, Y., Wan, B., Ai, L., & Wei, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1531953 · Cited by 3
Long-term neuropsychological consequences of severe COVID-19 infection: the NEUROCOG-COVID study
Meyer, M., Jonveaux, T., Banasiak, C., Bié, M., Cartz‐Piver, L., Chatelain, A., Dillier, C., Gérardin, P., Hingray, C., Jacob, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13097-x · Cited by 2
Wang, L., Lu, Q., Li, R., Harrison, T. B., Jia, H., Huang, M. S., Dowst, H., Zhang, R., Badr, H., Fan, J. W., et al. (2025) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/71102 · Cited by 2
Characteristics of The Neuropsychiatric Phenotype of Postcovid Syndrome
Zorina, V. V., Karaseva, A. A., Garbuzova, E. V., et al. (2025) · The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-5-346-357 · Cited by 2
Severe alcohol use and COVID-19: implications for physical and mental health
Calleja‐Conde, J., Echeverry‐Alzate, V., Sánchez-Diez, S., Giné, E., & Bühler, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1640207 · Cited by 2
Panza, M., Gamarra, O. M., Cervigni, M., Gallegos, M., Martino, P., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Calandra, M., Gamarra, G. R., & Razumovskiy, A. (2022) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-022-00224-0 · Cited by 3
Psychological, psychiatric and neurological aspects of COVID-19
Chritinin, D. F., Shamrey, V. K., Litvinenko, I., Курасов, Е. С., Tsygan, N. V., & Vainshenker, Y. I. (2023) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202312304244 · Cited by 2
Bae, S., Pappadis, M. R., & Hong, I. (2023) · Occupational Therapy In Health Care · doi:10.1080/07380577.2023.2212300 · Cited by 2
Biological correlates of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an updated review
Thippaiah, S. M., Amanullah, S., Huang, Z. H., Goldschmidt, E. J., & Pradhan, B. (2023) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-023-00705-8 · Cited by 2
Rittmannsberger, H., Barth, M., Lamprecht, B., Malík, P., & Yazdi‐Zorn, K. (2023) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-023-00487-8 · Cited by 2
Zhang, S., Zhang, L., Ma, L., Wu, H., Liu, L., He, X., Gao, M., & Li, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1302281 · Cited by 2
Cognitive function in Mexican older adults 6-months after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection
Mimenza-Alvarado, A. J., Ambrosio-Palma, A., & Aguilar-Navarro, S. G. (2024) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2024.101479 · Cited by 2
Mortazavi, S., Rashedi, V., Cheraghian, B., Pourshams, F., Saeidimehr, S., Dehghan, B., & Pourshams, M. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100238 · Cited by 2
Psychosocial Implications of Yoga for Healthcare Workers During Covid-19
Bhandari, R. B., Sangodkar, N. P., & Balkrishna, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2851-0_7 · Cited by 2
Impacts of COVID-19 on mental health
Hayden, M. C. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Pneumologie · doi:10.1007/s10405-024-00562-z · Cited by 2
Devita, M., Ravelli, A., Panzeri, A., Rosa, E. D., Iannizzi, P., Bottesi, G., Ceolin, C., RUI, M. D., Cattelan, A. M., Cavinato, S., et al. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13100754 · Cited by 2
Harrington, Y. A., Paolini, M., Fortaner-Uyà, L., Maccario, M., Melloni, E. M. T., Poletti, S., Lorenzi, C., Zanardi, R., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.011 · Cited by 2
Self-citationShaver, J. L. F., Woods, N. F., Ah, D. M. V., & Alexander, I. M. (2024) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102341 · Cited by 2
Circulating inflammatory markers predict depressive symptomatology in COVID-19 survivors
Palladini, M., Mazza, M. G., LORENZO, R. D., Spadini, S., Aggio, V., Bessi, M., Calesella, F., Bravi, B., Rovere, P. Q., & Benedetti, F. (2024) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156839 · Cited by 3
Self-citationInvolvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Borrego, J. J. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000467 · Cited by 2
Barros‐Aragão, F. G. Q., Pinheiro, T., Pinto, T. P., Vanderborgh, B., Braga, N., de Freitas, G. B., de Freitas, G. R., Bozza, F. A., de Souza, A. S., Rodrigues, É. C., et al. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101007 · Cited by 2
Castaldo, M., Viganò, A., Giordano, R., Ebbesen, B. D., Guidotti, S., Fiduccia, A., Pruneti, C. A., Chiara, M. D., Caroccia, N., Giannella, M., et al. (2025) · Minerva Anestesiologica · doi:10.23736/s0375-9393.25.18694-x · Cited by 2
Ran, Y., Wu, S., Liu, S., Chen, C., Li, Y., Gao, T., Fan, Y., & Tang, X. (2025) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.202500206 · Cited by 2
Cognition-associated gray matter volume alterations in long-COVID show sex-specific patterns
Toepffer, A., Früh, M., Rocktäschel, T., Ballez, J., Troll, M., Güllmar, D., Finke, K., Reuken, P. A., Stallmach, A., Vonderlind, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1653295 · Cited by 2
Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, J., Li, R., Jiang, Z., Wang, L., Wang, S., & Li, B. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269882 · Cited by 2
Probing the Neuro-psychological Changes Observed with the Administration of COVID-19 Drugs
Chatterjee, I., & Bansal, V. (2022) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026623666221223112247 · Cited by 2
Neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19
Петрова, Н. Н. (2022) · Juvenis scientia · doi:10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_4_5-14 · Cited by 3
Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): Association with Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Ambadapoodi, R. S. (2021) · The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections · doi:10.18297/jri/vol5/iss1/20 · Cited by 2
Efecto a largo plazo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2: Síndrome neurológico post-Covid-19
Caballero-Alvarado, J., Camacho-Vargas, E., & Rojas-Sánchez, P. (2021) · Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo · doi:10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2021.143.1284 · Cited by 2
Cognitive Impairment 13 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19
Stavem, K., Einvik, G., & Lundqvist, C. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac355 · Cited by 2
Alterações cognitivas decorrentes da COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática
Guesser, V. M., de Paiva, K. M., de Barros, V. N., Gonçalves, L. F., & Haas, P. (2022) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.34024/rnc.2022.v30.13848 · Cited by 2
Anxiety, depression and sleep disorders after COVID-19
Ivashkina, N., & Dorofeeva, O. (2023) · Clinical pharmacology and therapy · doi:10.32756/0869-5490-2023-1-86-92 · Cited by 2
Post-COVID anxiety and its associated factors in Egyptian patients
Ezzelregal, H. G., Hassan, A. M., Mohamed, R. S., & Salah-ElDin, H. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis · doi:10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_51_22 · Cited by 2
Mancilla-Corona, C. O., Sánchez-Alavez, M., Pineda-García, G., Limón, J. Y. I., Zazueta, O. E., Baena, V. J. L., Rodríguez-Vásquez, J. I., & Serafín-Higuera, I. R. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01638-2 · Cited by 2
Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Work Functioning in Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Okawara, M., Hirashima, K., Igarashi, Y., Mafune, K., Muramatsu, K., Nagata, T., Tsuji, M., Ogami, A., Fujino, Y., Ogami, A., et al. (2023) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2023.10.004 · Cited by 3
castrillo, R. P. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews · doi:10.31579/2690-4861/324 · Cited by 2
Gangguan Kognitif pada Pasien Pasca Sembuh Dari Covid-19
Ratmadewi, N. M. G. S., Laksono, R. D., & Huwae, L. B. S. (2021) · Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia · doi:10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i6.3151 · Cited by 2
Who is at risk of poor mental health following COVID-19 outpatient management?Preprint
Hüfner, K., Tymoszuk, P., Ausserhofer, D., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.21263949 · Cited by 2
Zhang, W., Gorelik, A. J., Wang, Q., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549891 · Cited by 2
Cenacchi, V., Furlanis, G., Menichelli, A., et al. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0544.v1 · Cited by 2
The Mental Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania- a Retrospective Post-pandemic ViewPreprint
Mitrea, A., Hăisan, A., Cǎșǎricǎ, A., Enache, R. G., & Danteș, E. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0847.v1 · Cited by 2
Schäfer, I. C., Krehbiel, J., Adler, W., et al. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1903.v1 · Cited by 2
Grignoli, N., Petrocchi, S., Polito, A., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100677 · Cited by 1
Neurological Factors and Gastrointestinal Health in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS)
Mahedi, M., Islam, S. M. S., Jamali, M., Wei, C. R., Afrin, S., & Syrmos, N. C. (2024) · Asian Science Bulletin · doi:10.3923/asb.2024.112.122 · Cited by 1
Preferential and sustained platelet activation in COVID-19 survivors with mental disorders
Maugeri, N., LORENZO, R. D., Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Ciceri, F., Rovere, P. Q., Manfredi, A. A., & Benedetti, F. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64094-5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationA novel analysis of interoceptive underpinnings of anxious psychopathology in COVID-19 survivors
D'Orsi, G., Palladini, M., Mazza, M. G., Rovere, P. Q., Scalabrini, A., & Benedetti, F. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115275 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMa, W., Yuan, R.-C., Peng, Z.-Y., et al. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.100112 · Cited by 1
Ierusalimsky, N. V., Karimova, E., Samotaeva, I., Лузин, Р. В., Zinchuk, M., & Guekht, A. B. (2024) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712424700508 · Cited by 1
Panagea, E., Messinis, L., Patrikelis, P., Malefaki, S., Petri, M. C., Nasios, G., Liontos, A., Biros, D., Kosmidis, M. H., & Milionis, H. J. (2025) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2025.2502871 · Cited by 1
Dai, Z., Liu, X., Jing, S., Wang, H., Huang, Y., Fu, J., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Han, B., & Su, X. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06886-1 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness of High-Intensity Therapy in Rehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Kóra, S., Wersényi, G., Prukner, P., Drotár, I., Prontvai, N., Kós, P., & Tollár, J. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15115890 · Cited by 1
Varenya, A., Vijayalakshmi, K., & Mythri, R. B. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.70051 · Cited by 1
Features of cognitive impairments and their pathogenesis in patients with long COVID-19
Shulga, O. D., Korniichuk, Y. V., Fedotova, T. V., & Skrypka, M. P. (2025) · Psychiatry Neurology and Medical Psychology · doi:10.26565/2312-5675-2025-28-10 · Cited by 1
Palladini, M., Azzalin, A. A., Bessi, M., LORENZO, R. D., Rovere, P. Q., Benedetti, F., & Mazza, M. G. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10247-w · Cited by 1
Self-citationFotez, I., Osmani, Z., Včev, A., Fotez, L., Kotromanović, D., Fotez, L., Car, M., Horvat, G., Miškulin, I., & Miškulin, M. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101599 · Cited by 1
Mosabbir, A., Meltzer, J. A., Uryash, A., Beroncal, E. L., Andreazza, A. C., & Bartel, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cognition · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2025.1692578 · Cited by 1
Pete, K. N., Varga, J. T., Valachiné, Z. G., Gőbel, O., Sik‐Lányi, C., Müller, V., & Cserjési, R. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106217 · Cited by 1
Arroyo-Romero, S., Gómez‐Sánchez, L., Suárez-Moreno, N., Navarro-Cáceres, A., Domínguez-Martín, A., Lugones‐Sánchez, C., González‐Sánchez, S., Gómez‐Sánchez, M., Rodriguez-Sanchez, E., García‐Ortiz, L., et al. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14010192 · Cited by 3
Zameer, S., Anis, E., Sha, Q., Galvis, M. L. E., Khan, S. Z., Steiner, J. A., Milčiūtė, M., Kerševičiūtė, I., Gabrielaitė, M., Gordevičius, J., et al. (2026) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-026-02094-0 · Cited by 1
Faseeh, A., Rida, M., Karim, N. E., Zafar, A., Shah, A., & Perveen, A. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049022 · Cited by 2
Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression in post-COVID19 patients: integrative review
Carrijo, M. D. M., Faria, S. S., Vieira, R. P., da Palma, R. K., Tomaz, R. S. R., Fonseca, A. L., Fonseca, D. R. P., Moura, R. S., Afonso, J. P. R., Souza, S. K. A., et al. (2022) · Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2022.20.1240 · Cited by 1
Boynova, I. V., Katorova, A. V., & Tokareva, N. G. (2022) · Современные проблемы науки и образования · doi:10.17513/spno.31797 · Cited by 1
Zhou, K., Chi, H., Wang, J., Zheng, Y., Pan, J., Yu, D., Xu, J., Zhu, H., Li, J., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.918679 · Cited by 1
Hellgren, L., Thornberg, U. B., Samuelsson, K., Levi, R., & Anestis (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.08.800 · Cited by 1
Cook, P., Allde, E., Griffith, F., Khorasanee, R., Luke, C., Ridley, B., & Simpson, T. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
Clinical manifestations of asthenic syndrome after coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2
Mikhailov, A. O., Sokotun, S. A., Плехова, Н. Г., et al. (2023) · Journal Infectology · doi:10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-2-60-67 · Cited by 1
Six-month psychiatric outcomes among survivors of COVID-19
Poyraz, C. A., Demirel, Ö. F., Poyraz, B. Ç., Turan, Ş., Bulu, E., SHİROLU, S. O., Kavla, Y., Ersungur, E. B., & Karaali, R. (2023) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.1242481 · Cited by 1
COVID-19–Related Insomnia Populations Research and Management Strategies: A Review
Liu, F.-X., Dong, Z.-B., Zhao, M., Gao, Y.-H., Li, X., Jiang, Y.-N., Li, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, Z., Feng, Y.-C., et al. (2023) · Infectious Microbes & Diseases · doi:10.1097/im9.0000000000000126 · Cited by 1
Sabry, W., Dien, M. B. E., El-Sherbiny, A., & Nagar, Z. M. E. (2023) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00376-4 · Cited by 2
Emotional disturbances in postcovid syndrome structure
Геннадьевна, М. А., Topuzova, M. P., Mikheeva, M. G., Alekseeva, T. M., & Каронова, Т. Л. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-148 · Cited by 1
Influence of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety
Praun, V. H., Corsi, L. F., Eisendecker, H. I., & de Souza, M. M. (2024) · International Seven Journal of Multidisciplinary · doi:10.56238/isevmjv3n3-007 · Cited by 1
Electroencephalographic features with COVID-19
Sáez-Landete, I. M., Gómez-Domínguez, A., Estrella-León, B., & Díaz-Cid, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95650-5.00007-0 · Cited by 1
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M., Rodríguez‐Agudelo, Y., Soto-Moreno, F. J., García-Santos, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, D. B., González-Navarro, M., Paz-Rodríguez, F., Chávez-Oliveros, M., Lozano-Tovar, S., González-Alonso, K., et al. (2024) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2023.05.005 · Cited by 1
Mitrea, A., Hăisan, A., Cǎșǎricǎ, A., Enache, R. G., & Danteș, E. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.72631 · Cited by 1
Xu, Z.-Y., Zhang, T., Gong, H., Zheng, H. L., Liu, M., Guo, B.-H., Wang, Y., & Su, W. (2025) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715303325541241024060229 · Cited by 1
Post-COVID major depression is not associated with peripheral inflammation
Boschi, G., Colle, R., Noël, N., Morin, L., Chappell, K., Pham, T. O., Montani, D., Monnet, X., Becquemont, L., Corruble, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.005 · Cited by 1
Appropriate Screening Tests to Assess Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction in Aeromedical Settings
Beka, S. G., Griffiths, R. F., Myers, J. A., & Skirrow, P. M. (2025) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.6500.2025 · Cited by 2
Central Nervous System Manifestations of Long COVID: A Systematic Review
Boorle, N. V. L. D., Kurra, N., Gandrakota, N., Modi, K., Sudireddy, K., Irfan, S. A., Jain, A., Parikh, P., & Jillella, D. V. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.83247 · Cited by 1
One Year After Mild COVID-19: Emotional Distress but Preserved Cognition in Healthcare Workers
Peláez, I., Martínez‐Íñigo, D., Fernandes-Magalhaes, R., Lahoz, M. E. D., del Pino, A. B., Pérez-Aranda, S., García-Romero, A., Soldic, D., & Mercado, F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14176007 · Cited by 1
Pathophysiologie von COVID-19 und deren mögliche Bedeutung für Long-COVID
Scherr, J. (2021) · Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology · doi:10.1016/j.orthtr.2021.08.002 · Cited by 1
Palladini, M., Mazza, M. G., Rovere‐Querini, P., et al. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.651 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., De Lorenzo, R., Magnaghi, C., Poletti, S., Furlan, R., Ciceri, F., Rovere-Querini, P., & Benedetti, F.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mazza, Mario Gennaro
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 94
- Pages
- 138-147
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7903920
- OpenAlex
- W3129342553
- Semantic Scholar
- 2c34e539a6d09867be7208e71f8a551c08e53ca0
- Cited by
- 513
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 50
- FWCI
- 50.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, post-COVID-19 mental health, dysthymia, neurocognitive impairment, systemic inflammation, inflammatory markers, systemic immune-inflammation index, executive function, psychomotor coordination, verbal memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, long COVID
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Mental Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Survivors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
