Intergenerational transmission of subthreshold autistic traits in the general population
Abstract
Background Autistic disorder (AD) is a disabling oligogenic condition characterized by severe social impairment. Subthreshold autistic social impairments are known to aggregate in the family members of autistic probands; therefore, we conducted this study to examine the intergenerational transmission of such traits in the general population.Methods The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a quantitative measure of autistic traits, was completed on 285 pairs of twins (by maternal report) and on their parents (by spouse report).Results Correlation for social impairment or competence between parents and their children and between spouses was on the order of .4. In families in which both parents scored in the upper quartile for social impairment on the SRS, mean SRS score of offspring was significantly elevated (effect size 1.5). Estimated assortative mating explained approximately 30% of the variation in parent SRS scores.Conclusions Children from families in which both parents manifest subthreshold autistic traits exhibit a substantial shift in the distribution of their scores for impairment in reciprocal social behavior, toward the pathological end. As has been previously demonstrated in children, heritable subthreshold autistic impairments are measurable in adults and appear continuously distributed in the general population.
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Autistic-like social impairment is heritable and is increased in unaffected parents and children of autistic probands.
“Similarly, autistic-like social impairment clearly is heritable [20] and increased in unaffected parents and children of autistic probands [21].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Constantino, John N.
- ORCID
- Constantino, John N.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 655-660
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020127697
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 5.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r21ns044002-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052813, MH-52813)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS44002)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 042541, R01HD042541)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- intergenerational transmission, Social Responsiveness Scale, twins, assortative mating, heritability, familial aggregation, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Diseases in Twins, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Psychometrics, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Mental Competency, Intergenerational Relations, Twin Studies as Topic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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