Moderation and mediation of the effect of attention training in social anxiety disorder

Kuckertz, Jennie M.; Gildebrant, Elena; Liliequist, Björn; Karlström, Petra; Väppling, Camilla; Bodlund, Owe; Stenlund, Therése; Hofmann, Stefan G.; Andersson, Gerhard; Amir, Nader; Carlbring, Per

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.12.003

Cited by 118Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDigital Mental Health InterventionsPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Moderation and mediation of the effect of attention training in social anxiety disorder

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Kuckertz, Jennie M., Gildebrant, Elena, Liliequist, Björn, Karlström, Petra, Väppling, Camilla, Bodlund, Owe, Stenlund, Therése, Hofmann, Stefan G. +3 more·2014·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2013.12.003

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Abstract

UNLABELLED: While attention modification programs (AMP) have shown promise as laboratory-based treatments for social anxiety disorder, trials of internet-delivered AMP have not yielded significant differences between active and control conditions. To address these inconsistencies, we examined the moderational and mediational role of attention bias in the efficacy of attention training. We compared data reported by Carlbring et al. (2012) to an identical AMP condition, with the exception that participants were instructed to activate social anxiety fears prior to each attention training session (AMP + FACT; n = 39). We also compared all attention training groups to an internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) condition (n = 40). Participants in the AMP + FACT group experienced greater reductions in social anxiety symptoms than both active (n = 40) and control (n = 39) groups reported by Carlbring et al., and did not differ in symptom reductions from the iCBT group. Higher attention bias predicted greater symptom reductions for participants who completed AMP, but not for the control group. Moreover, change in attention bias mediated the relationship between AMP group (active condition reported by Carlbring et al. versus AMP + FACT) and change in social anxiety symptoms. These results suggest the importance of interpreting findings related to symptom change in attention training studies in the context of bias effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN01715124.

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Some studies found a mediational role of attentional bias.
“This implies that a change in attentional bias is the hypothesized mediating process, and some studies indeed found such a mediational role of attentional bias (Dennis & O'Toole, 2014;Kuckertz et al., 2014;Wells & Beevers, 2010).”
From Online attentional bias modification training targeting anxiety and depression in unselected adolescents: short- and long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Kuckertz et al., 2014
Previous research has shown that baseline attentional bias moderated training effects.
“As previous research has shown that baseline attentional bias moderated training effects (e.g., Boettcher et al., 2013;Kuckertz et al., 2014)”
From Online attentional bias modification training targeting anxiety and depression in unselected adolescents: short- and long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Kuckertz et al., 2014
The absence of social stress with online training at home compared to lab studies might explain recent null findings.
“The absence of (social) stress with online training at home compared to lab studies might explain recent null findings (Boettcher, Berger, & Renneberg, 2012;Boettcher et al., 2013;Kuckertz et al., 2014).”
From Online attentional bias modification training targeting anxiety and depression in unselected adolescents: short- and long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Kuckertz et al., 2014
In one Internet-based ABMT study, Kuckertz et al. found that participants instructed to activate their social anxiety fears prior to each ABMT session demonstrated significantly greater anxiety reductions than participants receiving ABMT without these additional instructions.
“in one Internetbased ABMT study, Kuckertz et al. [34] found that participants instructed to activate their social anxiety fears prior to each ABMT session demonstrated significantly greater anxiety reductions than participants receiving ABMT without these additional instructions.”
From QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ATTENTION BIAS MODIFICATION TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY DISORDERS: Review: ABMT for Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [34]

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Attention Bias Modification for Anxiety and Phobias: Current Status and Future Directions
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Effects of modifying interpretation bias on transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking.
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Response and Remission Rates in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
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Salutary effects of an attention bias modification mobile application on biobehavioral measures of stress and anxiety during pregnancy
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Attentional Bias Modification With Serious Game Elements: Evaluating the Shots Game
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For whom the bell tolls: Neurocognitive individual differences in the acute stress-reduction effects of an attention bias modification game for anxiety
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Online visual search attentional bias modification for adolescents with heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
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Internet-delivered interpretation training reduces worry and anxiety in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled experiment.
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Imaging the neural effects of cognitive bias modification training
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A randomized controlled trial of Web-based Attentional Bias Modification to help smokers quit.
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Introduction to the special issue on Cognitive bias modification: Taking a step back to move forward?
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A unifying translational framework to advance treatment research for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders
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Multi-session online interpretation bias training for anxiety in a community sample
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Ruminative Thinking
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Assessment of Social Anxiety and its Clinical Expressions
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History and current status of ICBT
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Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype
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Impact of the temporal stability of preexistent attentional bias for threat on its alteration through attention bias modification
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Attentional Bias Modification for Social Anxiety Disorder: What do Patients Think and Why does it Matter?
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Randomized controlled trial of attention bias modification in a racially diverse, socially anxious, alcohol dependent sample
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Gamification of cognitive bias modification for interpretations in anxiety increases training engagement and enjoyment.
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A pilot randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy versus attentional bias modification for social anxiety disorder: An examination of outcomes and theory-based mechanisms.
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Attentional bias modification training for insomnia: A double-blind placebo controlled randomized trial
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Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Mobile-Based Attention-Bias Modification for Posttraumatic Stress Using Personalized Word Stimuli
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Vigilance-avoidance and disengagement are differentially associated with fear and avoidant behaviors in social anxiety
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Change in negative attention bias mediates the association between attention bias modification training and depression symptom improvement.
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Money talks in attention bias modification: Reward in a dot-probe task affects attentional biases
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Positive online attentional training as a means of modifying attentional and interpretational biases among the clinically depressed: An experimental study using eye tracking
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A pilot study of an adaptive, idiographic, and multi-component attention bias modification program for social anxiety disorder
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Neuroplastic changes in anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume and functional connectivity following attention bias modification in high trait anxious individuals
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Enhancing the Efficacy of Cognitive Bias Modification for Social Anxiety
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Efficacy of Attention Bias Training for Child Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Chapter 16 – Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety Disorder
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Social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information: the relationship and intervention
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A systematic review with meta-analysis of cognitive bias modification interventions for anger and aggression
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Cognitive bias measurement and social anxiety disorder: Correlating self-report data and attentional bias
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Does a Dieting Goal Affect Automatic Cognitive Processes and Their Trainability?
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Computerized attention retraining for individuals with elevated health anxiety
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Personalized cognitive training: Protocol for individual-level meta-analysis implementing machine learning methods
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Structural MRI-based measures of neuroplasticity in an extended amygdala network as a target for attention bias modification treatment outcome
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Online attention modification for social anxiety disorder: replication of a randomized controlled trial
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Disentangling the mediating role of modifying interpretation bias on emotional distress using a novel cognitive bias modification program
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Emotional reactivity and executive control: A pathway of risk for the development of childhood worry
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A Pilot Study on Approach Bias Modification in Smoking Cessation: Activating Personalized Alternative Activities for Smoking in the Context of Increased Craving
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Does Change in Attention Control Mediate the Impact of tDCS on Attentional Bias for Threat? Limited Evidence from a Double-blind Sham-controlled Experiment in an Unselected Sample
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The questionable validity of attention bias variability: Evidence from two conceptually unrelated cognitive tasks
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What Drives Symptom Reduction in Attention Bias Modification Treatment? A Randomized Controlled Experiment in Clinically Anxious Youths
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The influence of attention biases and adult attachment style on treatment outcome for adults with social anxiety disorder
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Does attention redirection contribute to the effectiveness of attention bias modification on social anxiety?
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Pinpointing Mechanisms of a Mechanistic Treatment: Dissociable Roles for Overt and Covert Attentional Processes in Acute and Long-Term Outcomes Following Attention-Bias Modification
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The remediating effect of Attention Bias Modification on aggression in young offenders with antisocial tendency: A randomized controlled trial
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Examining sustainable consumption patterns through green purchase behavior and digital media engagement: a case of Pakistan’s postmillennials
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Context matters: The role of subjective arousal during Attentional Bias Modification targeting socially anxious students
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Attention bias modification effects on interpretive bias for fear of positive and negative evaluation in social anxiety
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Training Less Threatening Interpretations Over the Internet: Impact of Priming Anxious Imagery and Using a Neutral Control Condition
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Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms
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Augmenting outpatient alcohol treatment as usual with online approach bias modification training: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
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Does attention bias modification reduce anxiety in socially anxious college students? An experimental study of potential moderators and considerations for implementation
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No change in electrocortical measures of performance monitoring in high trait anxious individuals following multi-session attention bias modification training
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Avoidance of all feedback? Attention allocation during and after public speech in social anxiety
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Effects of attention bias modification for anxiety: Neurophysiological indices and moderation by symptom severity
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Cognitive Bias Modification Training to Change Interpretation Biases
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A randomized clinical trial investigating the clinical impact of a game-based digital therapeutic for social anxiety disorder
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Augmenting Outpatient Alcohol Treatment as Usual With Online Alcohol Avoidance Training: Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
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From Package to Process: An Evidence-based Approach to Processes of Change in Psychotherapy
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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An integrated review of social information processing as a mechanism in the association between maltreatment and depression among youth of color
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A Conceptual Review of Models and Findings Regarding Attention Bias for Social Anxiety
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Mechanics of contingency-based Cognitive Bias Modification: pre-existing bias affects potency of active training but not placebo conditions.Preprint
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Impact of tDCS on attentional processes as a function of anxiety and depression
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Interpretation and Attentional Bias Training
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Efficacy of traditional and gamified attention bias modification for depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on social phobia
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Combining Unguided Web-Based Attentional Bias Modification and Affective Working Memory Training to Decrease Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Attend to the positive while feeling anxious: The effect of state anxiety on the effectiveness of Attentional Bias Modification
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Interpretation bias in emotional disorders: a selective review
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Hjärnan formas av psykologisk behandling
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Internet-Delivered Attention Training for SAD : who Responds and Why
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Internet-Based Attention Bias Modification for Social Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Comparison of Training towards Negative and Training Towards Positive Cues
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Internet-delivered attention bias modification training in individuals with social anxiety disorder - a double blind randomized controlled trial
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Attention bias modification: the Emperor's new suit?
Emmelkamp, P. M. (2012) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-63 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Attention Bias Modification for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Haddadi, S., Talepasand, S., & Boogar, I. R. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.10298 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Kuckertz, J. M., Gildebrant, E., Liliequist, B., Karlström, P., Väppling, C., Bodlund, O., Stenlund, T., Hofmann, S. G., Andersson, G., Amir, N., & Carlbring, P.
Affiliations: San Diego State University (US)
Umeå University (SE)
Boston University (US)
Linköping University (SE)
Stockholm University (SE)
Corresponding author: Carlbring, Per
ORCID: Kuckertz, Jennie M.
Liliequist, Björn
Hofmann, Stefan G.
Andersson, Gerhard
Amir, Nader
Carlbring, Per
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-02
Volume: 53
Pages: 30-40
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.12.003
OpenAlex: W2109887133
Semantic Scholar: 8bf902d5e8e651df5fe28f911d5b1f29ed2bfdfc
Cited by: 117
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 17.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, attention training, attentional bias, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, mediation, moderation, symptom change
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Social Behavior, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Young Adult

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Moderation and mediation of the effect of attention training in social anxiety disorder

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