Illuminating circuitry relevant to psychiatric disorders with optogenetics
Open accessAbstract
The brain's remarkable capacity to generate cognition and behavior is mediated by an extraordinarily complex set of neural interactions that remain largely mysterious. This complexity poses a significant challenge in developing therapeutic interventions to ameliorate psychiatric disease. Accordingly, few new classes of drugs have been made available for patients with mental illness since the 1950s. Optogenetics offers the ability to selectively manipulate individual neural circuit elements that underlie disease-relevant behaviors and is currently accelerating the pace of preclinical research into neurobiological mechanisms of disease. In this review, we highlight recent findings from studies that employ optogenetic approaches to gain insight into normal and aberrant brain function relevant to mental illness. Emerging data from these efforts offers an exquisitely detailed picture of disease-relevant neural circuits in action, and hints at the potential of optogenetics to open up entirely new avenues in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Unlike dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens caused by optogenetic stimulation or administration of drugs of abuse, serotonin release in the nucleus accumbens is not acutely reinforcing.
“Importantly, unlike the release of DA in the NAc caused by optogenetic stimulation or administration of drugs of abuse [11,21,53,54], 5-HT release in the NAc is not acutely reinforcing [11,21,47] but see ref. [55].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Steinberg, E. E., Christoffel, D. J., Deisseroth, K., & Malenka, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malenka, Robert C
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 30
- Pages
- 9-16
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4293223
- OpenAlex
- W2035669017
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Simons Foundation
- DARPA
- NSF
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- optogenetics, mental illness, neural circuits, neural circuit manipulation, psychiatric drug development
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Brain, Humans, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Optogenetics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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