Reward and aversion in a heterogeneous midbrain dopamine system
Open accessAbstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous brain structure that serves a central role in motivation and reward processing. Abnormalities in the function of VTA dopamine (DA) neurons and the targets they influence are implicated in several prominent neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and depression. Recent studies suggest that the midbrain DA system is composed of anatomically and functionally heterogeneous DA subpopulations with different axonal projections. These findings may explain a number of previously confusing observations that suggested a role for DA in processing both rewarding as well as aversive events. Here we will focus on recent advances in understanding the neural circuits mediating reward and aversion in the VTA and how stress as well as drugs of abuse, in particular cocaine, alter circuit function within a heterogeneous midbrain DA system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Midbrain dopamine neurons constitute the mesocorticolimbic pathway critical for creating rewards and signaling aversive outcomes.
“Furthermore, midbrain DA neurons constitute the mesocorticolimbic pathway critical for creating rewards and signaling aversive outcomes (55, 56).”
From Emotional Blunting in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Brief Non-systematic Review of Current Research (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
The Introduction and section 3 describe midbrain dopamine neurons as involved in reward signaling and responses to aversive events; section 4 also links particular VTA projections to reward and aversion-related behavior. But the Introduction describes a heterogeneous midbrain system that includes substantia nigra and VTA neurons, so the paper does not support identifying all midbrain dopamine neurons with the mesocorticolimbic pathway. Its account of reward-related signaling and reinforcement is also narrower than saying these neurons create rewards. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrefrontal cortex and hippocampus decode stimulus and environmental features to guide adaptive reward responses, while lateral hypothalamus-lateral habenula circuits encode negative valence; both are integrated in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area to regulate dopamine.
“A grossly oversimplified overview of these circuits is that the prefrontal cortices and hippocampus are devoted to detecting and decoding specific features of stimuli and the environment, including the social environment, to guide decision-making and ensure adaptive, flexible, and predictive responses to rewarding stimuli, whereas the lateral hypothalamus-lateral habenula circuits predominantly En”
From Plasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
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“However, not all midbrain DA neurons appear to encode similar information in their activity patterns (Bromberg-Martin et al., 2010; Lammel et al., 2014; Roeper, 2013).”
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Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Modulate Arousal and Promote Wakefulness by Salient Stimuli
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Self-citationOrganization of monosynaptic inputs to the serotonin and dopamine neuromodulatory systems
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Glutamate neurons within the midbrain dopamine regions
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Mesolimbic Dopamine and the Regulation of Motivated Behavior
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“Recent studies indicate that a DA neuron’s response to negative or positive stimuli is largely dependent upon the neuron’s presynaptic inputs, and the dopaminergic signal influences separate brain regions depending on valence (Lammel et al., 2011, 2012, 2014).”
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Nucleus Accumbens Modulation in Reward and Aversion
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Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways Across Adolescence: Diversity in Development
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“Dysregulation of this circuit in OCD could potentially contribute to compulsive behavior. basolateral nuclei to the central nucleus of the amygdala, which functions as an output to numerous brain regions (LeDoux, 2007; Janak and Tye, 2015).”
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“Furthermore, midbrain DA neurons constitute the mesocorticolimbic pathway critical for creating rewards and signaling aversive outcomes (55, 56).”
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“However,thesestudies treatDA neuronsasa single, homogenous population; whereas VTA DA neurons are increasingly recognized to belong to anatomically distinct circuits, to possess diverse molecular signatures, and to differ in their responses to external stimuli 18 – 22 .”
BackgroundBehavioral effects of SGK1 knockout in VTA and dopamine neurons
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- Authors
- Lammel, S., Lim, B. K., & Malenka, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malenka, Robert C.
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 351-359
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3778102
- OpenAlex
- W2045821490
- Cited by
- 804
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 5.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH086403)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA032955, P01DA008227)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- ventral tegmental area, midbrain dopamine system, reward processing, aversion, stress, cocaine, drugs of abuse, neural circuits, motivation, addiction, depression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dopamine, Humans, Nerve Net, Reward, Ventral Tegmental Area
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