COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time

Lenton, Timothy M.; Daines, Stuart J.; Mills, Benjamin J.W.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.004

Cited by 350Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchEarth Systems and Cosmic Evolution

COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time

Open access

Lenton, Timothy M., Daines, Stuart J., Mills, Benjamin J.W.·2018·Earth-Science Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.004

Cites

140 of 140 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A first-order relationship between global marine new production, global extent of anoxia, and atmospheric pO2 has been obtained from Earth system ocean-atmosphere models.
“The first-order relationship between global marine new production (newp′), global extent of anoxia (AANOX) and atmospheric pO2 (o′) has been obtained from Earth system ocean–atmosphere models (57):”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
The constants kanox = 12 and ku = 0.5 were determined so that 0.25% of the seafloor is overlain by anoxic water masses at modern productivity and oxygen levels, and the formula gives a fairly sharp transition of AANOX from 23 to 77% as atmospheric pO2 declines from 13 to 8 atm%, consistent with biogeochemical models.
“The constants kanox = 12, ku = 0.5 are determined so that 0.25% of the seafloor is overlain by anoxic water masses similar to modern productivity and oxygen levels (newp′ = o′ = 1) and the formula gives a fairly sharp transition of AANOX from 23 to 77% as atmospheric pO2 declines from 13 to 8 atm%, consistent with biogeochemical models for the spatial distribution of oxygen in the oceans (57, 58).”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Treatise on Geochemistry
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-28473-5 · Cited by 3,859 · see citing works
The MATLAB ODE Suite
Shampine, L. F., & Reichelt, M. W. (1997) · SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing · doi:10.1137/s1064827594276424 · Cited by 3,628 · see citing works
Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers
Gaillardet, J., Dupré, B., Louvat, P., & Allègre, C. J. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00031-5 · Cited by 3,334 · see citing works
The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart
Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L., & Fan, J. (2013) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002 · Cited by 3,269 · see citing works
Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis
Hedges, J. I., & Keil, R. G. (1995) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-f · Cited by 2,546 · see citing works
The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M. (1983) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 · Cited by 2,428 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The model is driven by a range of geological forcing factors taken 119 from GEOCARB III (Berner and Kothavala, 2001), BLAG (Berner et al., 1983), and rock abundance data 120 (including coal).”
Method
A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature
Walker, J. C. G., Hays, P. B., & Kasting, J. F. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/jc086ic10p09776 · Cited by 2,310 · see citing works
The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., & Midgley, G. F. (2005) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x · Cited by 1,942 · see citing works
GEOCARB II; a revised model of atmospheric CO 2 over Phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (1994) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.294.1.56 · Cited by 1,693 · see citing works
A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes
Haq, B. U., & Schutter, S. R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1161648 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean
Regnier, P. A. G., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Mackenzie, F. T., Gruber, N., Janssens, I. A., Laruelle, G. G., Lauerwald, R., Luyssaert, S., Andersson, A. J., et al. (2013) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1830 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
GEOCARB III: A revised model of atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (2001) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.301.2.182 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Cretaceous eustasy revisited
Haq, B. U. (2013) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.12.007 · Cited by 1,305 · see citing works
A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry
Canfield, D. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/24839 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: carbonates and organic matter
Kump, L. R., & Arthur, M. A. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00086-8 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans
Sibley, D. F. (1979) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(79)90059-0 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
GEOCARBSULF: A combined model for Phanerozoic atmospheric O2 and CO2
Berner, R. A. (2006) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.032 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Basalt weathering laws and the impact of basalt weathering on the global carbon cycle
Dessert, C., Dupré, B., Gaillardet, J., François, L., & Allègre, C. J. (2003) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2002.10.001 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Large Igneous Provinces
Ernst, R. E. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139025300 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic
Matthews, K. J., Maloney, K. T., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Seton, M., & Müller, R. D. (2016) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events
Algeo, T. J., & Scheckler, S. E. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Global distribution of naturally occurring marine hypoxia on continental margins
Helly, J. J., & Levin, L. A. (2004) · Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.03.009 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
A model for atmospheric CO 2 over Phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (1991) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
The Fate of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in the Marine Environment
Blair, N. E., & Aller, R. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142717 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform
Haq, B., & Al-Qahtani, A. (2005) · GeoArabia · doi:10.2113/geoarabia1002127 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic
Horita, J., Zimmermann, H., & Holland, H. D. (2002) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00884-5 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time.
Berner, R., & Canfield, D. (1989) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.289.4.333 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Statistical analysis of iron geochemical data suggests limited late Proterozoic oxygenation
Sperling, E. A., Wolock, C. J., Morgan, A. S., Gill, B. C., Kunzmann, M., Halverson, G. P., Macdonald, F. A., Knoll, A. H., & Johnston, D. T. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14589 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion
Galy, V., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., & Eglinton, T. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14400 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Worldwide distribution of continental rock lithology: Implications for the atmospheric/soil CO2 uptake by continental weathering and alkalinity river transport to the oceans
Amiotte Suchet, P., Probst, J., & Ludwig, W. (2003) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2002gb001891 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
COPSE: A new model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time
Bergman, N. M. (2004) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.304.5.397 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Burial of terrestrial organic matter in marine sediments: A re‐assessment
Burdige, D. J. (2005) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2004gb002368 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Benthic phosphorus regeneration, net primary production, and ocean anoxia: A model of the coupled marine biogeochemical cycles of carbon and phosphorus
Cappellen, P. V., & Ingall, E. (1994) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/94pa01455 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
The uptake of carbon during alteration of ocean crust
Alt, J. C., & Teagle, D. A. H. (1999) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00123-4 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir
Planavsky, N. J., Rouxel, O. J., Bekker, A., Lalonde, S. V., Konhauser, K. O., Reinhard, C. T., & Lyons, T. W. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09485 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
The sulfur isotopic evolution of Phanerozoic seawater based on the analysis of structurally substituted sulfate in carbonates
Kampschulte, A., & Strauss, H. (2004) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.11.013 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Evolution of the 87Sr/86Sr composition of Neoproterozoic seawater
Halverson, G. P., Dudás, F. Ö., Maloof, A. C., & Bowring, S. A. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.028 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration
Scott, A. C., & Glasspool, I. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy
Saltzman, M. R., & Thomas, E. (2012) · The Geologic Time Scale · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00011-1 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Co-evolution of eukaryotes and ocean oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic era
Lenton, T. M., Boyle, R. A., Poulton, S. W., Shields-Zhou, G. A., & Butterfield, N. J. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2108 · Cited by 424 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the O2 cycle may be of first-order importance, with silicate and carbonate 157 weathering potentially providing a large fraction of the phosphorus supply that can ultimately 158 determine organic carbon burial, which is the dominant source of oxygen (Bergman et al., 2004; 159 Lenton et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Sulfur Isotopic Composition of Cenozoic Seawater Sulfate
Paytan, A., Kastner, M., Campbell, D., & Thiemens, M. H. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1459 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Long-term stability of global erosion rates and weathering during late-Cenozoic cooling
Willenbring, J. K., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09044 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Redox Stabilization of the Atmosphere and Oceans by Phosphorus-Limited Marine Productivity
Van Cappellen, P., & Ingall, E. D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5248.493 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Large Igneous Provinces
Coffin, M. F., & Eldholm, O. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09087-4 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Global CO2-consumption by chemical weathering: What is the contribution of highly active weathering regions?
Hartmann, J., Jansen, N., Dürr, H. H., Kempe, S., & Köhler, P. (2009) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.07.007 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution as a source of CO2 over geological timescales
Torres, M. A., West, A. J., & Li, G. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13030 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Oxygen and Evolution
Berner, R. A., VandenBrooks, J. M., & Ward, P. D. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140273 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Continental arc volcanism as the principal driver of icehouse-greenhouse variability
McKenzie, N. R., Horton, B. K., Loomis, S. E., Stockli, D. F., Planavsky, N. J., & Lee, C. A. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad5787 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Phanerozoic concentrations of atmospheric oxygen reconstructed from sedimentary charcoal
Glasspool, I. J., & Scott, A. C. (2010) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo923 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
First plants cooled the Ordovician
Lenton, T. M., Crouch, M., Johnson, M., Pires, N., & Dolan, L. (2012) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1390 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citation
Global chemical weathering and associated P-release — The role of lithology, temperature and soil properties
Hartmann, J., Moosdorf, N., Lauerwald, R., Hinderer, M., & West, A. J. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.025 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Earliest land plants created modern levels of atmospheric oxygen
Lenton, T. M., Dahl, T. W., Daines, S. J., Mills, B. J. W., Ozaki, K., Saltzman, M. R., & Porada, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1604787113 · Cited by 343 · cited 24× · see citing works
“This requires a substantial 1304 secular increase in organic carbon burial, which is here associated with the earliest, non-vascular 1305 land plants (Lenton et al., 2016) (unlike in the original COPSE model where it is associated with the 1306 later evolution of trees).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
The life span of the biosphere revisited
Caldeira, K., & Kasting, J. F. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360721a0 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
The Rise of Oxygen over the Past 205 Million Years and the Evolution of Large Placental Mammals
Falkowski, P. G., Katz, M. E., Milligan, A. J., Fennel, K., Cramer, B. S., Aubry, M.-P., Berner, R. A., Novacek, M. J., & Zapol, W. M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1116047 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Implications of the late Palaeozoic oxygen pulse for physiology and evolution
Graham, J. B., Aguilar, N. M., Dudley, R., & Gans, C. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375117a0 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Solute flux and mineral mass balance approaches to the quantification of plant effects on silicate weathering
Moulton, K. L. (2000) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.300.7.539 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: New results using the GEOCARBSULF model
Berner, R. (2009) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/07.2009.03 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Reconstruction of secular variation in seawater sulfate concentrations
Algeo, T. J., Luo, G. M., Song, H. Y., Lyons, T. W., & Canfield, D. E. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-2131-2015 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire
Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D., & Axe, L. (2004) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g20363.1 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Continental flood basalt weathering as a trigger for Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth
Cox, G. M., Halverson, G. P., Stevenson, R. K., Vokaty, M., Poirier, A., Kunzmann, M., Li, Z., Denyszyn, S. W., Strauss, J. V., & Macdonald, F. A. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.016 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Pyrite and organic matter in Phanerozoic normal marine shales
Raiswell, R., & Berner, R. A. (1986) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(86)90252-8 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Seawater chemistry and the advent of biocalcification
Brennan, S. T., Lowenstein, T. K., & Horita, J. (2004) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g20251.1 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Evolution of primary producers in the sea
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-3183 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Climate sensitivity constrained by CO2 concentrations over the past 420 million years
Royer, D. L., Berner, R. A., & Park, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05699 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Redfield revisited: 1. Regulation of nitrate, phosphate, and oxygen in the ocean
Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2000) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/1999gb900065 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citation
Atmospheric P co 2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
Schaller, M. F., Wright, J. D., & Kent, D. V. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1199011 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Nutrients as the dominant control on the spread of anoxia and euxinia across the Cenomanian‐Turonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE2): Model‐data comparison
Monteiro, F., Pancost, R. D., Ridgwell, A. J., & Yannick Donnadieu, A. (2012) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2012pa002351 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Coupling of the sedimentary sulfur and carbon cycles; an improved model
Garrels, R. M., & Lerman, A. (1984) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.284.9.989 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Isotope Fractionation and Atmospheric Oxygen: Implications for Phanerozoic O 2 Evolution
Berner, R. A., Petsch, S. T., Lake, J. A., Beerling, D. J., Popp, B. N., Lane, R. S., Laws, E. A., Westley, M. B., Cassar, N., Woodward, F. I., et al. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5458.1630 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Multiple sulfur isotope constraints on the modern sulfur cycle
Tostevin, R., Turchyn, A. V., Farquhar, J. D., Johnston, D. T., Eldridge, D. L., Bishop, J. K. B., & McIlvin, M. R. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.057 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Cretaceous ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon uptake from weathering versus loss by magmatic outgassing
Staudigel, H., Hart, S. R., Schmincke, H., & Smith, B. M. (1989) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(89)90189-0 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
New estimates of silicate weathering rates and their uncertainties in global rivers
Moon, S., Chamberlain, C. P., & Hilley, G. E. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.033 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Phanerozoic cycles of sedimentary carbon and sulfur
Garrels, R. M., & Lerman, A. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.4652 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Evolution of carbon cycle over the past 100 million years
Li, G., & Elderfield, H. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.014 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Models for carbon and sulfur cycles and atmospheric oxygen; application to Paleozoic geologic history
Berner, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.287.3.177 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years
Belcher, C. M., Yearsley, J. M., Hadden, R. M., McElwain, J. C., & Rein, G. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011974107 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Modelling the Phanerozoic carbon cycle and climate; constraints from the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio of seawater
François, L., & Walker, J. C. G. (1992) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.292.2.81 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Redfield revisited: 2. What regulates the oxygen content of the atmosphere?
Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2000) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/1999gb900076 · Cited by 192 · cited 4× · see citing works
“A more uncertain upper limit on O2 of 25-49 35% has been inferred from the sensitivity of fire frequency to increasing O2 and the continuous 50 presence of forests over the past ~370 Myr (Glasspool and Scott, 2010; Lenton and Watson, 2000b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
The fundamental role of island arc weathering in the oceanic Sr isotope budget
Allègre, C. J., Louvat, P., Gaillardet, J., Meynadier, L., Rad, S., & Capmas, F. (2010) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.019 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Cenozoic carbon cycle imbalances and a variable weathering feedback
Rugenstein, J. K. C., Jost, A. B., Lau, K., & Maher, K. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.035 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Limits for Combustion in Low O 2 Redefine Paleoatmospheric Predictions for the Mesozoic
Belcher, C. M., & McElwain, J. C. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1160978 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Revolutions that made the Earth
Lenton, T., & Watson, A. J. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587049.001.0001 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ridge volume dependence on seafloor generation rate and inversion using long term sealevel change
Gaffin, S. (1987) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.287.6.596 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The role of palaeogeography in the Phanerozoic history of atmospheric CO2 and climate
Goddéris, Y., Yannick Donnadieu, A., Hir, G. L., Lefebvre, V., & Nardin, É. (2013) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.11.004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The global marine phosphorus cycle: sensitivity to oceanic circulation
Slomp, C. P., & Cappellen, P. V. (2007) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-4-155-2007 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
VARIATIONS IN THE GLOBAL PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Compton, J. S., Mallinson, D. J., Glenn, C. R., Filippelli, G. M., Föllmi, K. B., Shields, G., & Zanin, Y. N. (2000) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/pec.00.66.0021 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Continental arc-island arc fluctuations, growth of crustal carbonates, and long-term climate change
Lee, C. A., Shen, B., Slotnick, B. S., Liao, K., Dickens, G. R., Yokoyama, Y., Lenardic, A., Dasgupta, R., Jellinek, M. A., Lackey, J. S., et al. (2012) · Geosphere · doi:10.1130/ges00822.1 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Alteration of ocean crust provides a strong temperature dependent feedback on the geological carbon cycle and is a primary driver of the Sr-isotopic composition of seawater
Coogan, L. A., & Dosso, S. E. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.027 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Plate tectonic controls on atmospheric CO 2 levels since the Triassic
van der Meer, D. G., Zeebe, R. E., van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Sluijs, A., Spakman, W., & Torsvik, T. H. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1315657111 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The oxygen content of ocean bottom waters, the burial efficiency of organic carbon, and the regulation of atmospheric oxygen
Betts, J. N., & Holland, H. D. (1991) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/0921-8181(91)90123-e · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Atmospheric oxygen regulation at low Proterozoic levels by incomplete oxidative weathering of sedimentary organic carbon
Daines, S. J., Mills, B. J. W., & Lenton, T. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14379 · Cited by 166 · cited 10× · see citing works
“6 wt% content 812 of sediments (Daines et al., 2017), allowing no scope for incomplete oxidative weathering (which is 813 widely recognised to occur and is assumed in COPSE).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Sulfate Burial Constraints on the Phanerozoic Sulfur Cycle
Halevy, I., Peters, S. E., & Fischer, W. W. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1220224 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The Ecological Physiology of Earth's Second Oxygen Revolution
Sperling, E. A., Knoll, A. H., & Girguis, P. R. (2015) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135808 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and their effect on atmospheric oxygen over phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (1989) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/0921-8181(89)90018-0 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
A GEOCLIM simulation of climatic and biogeochemical consequences of Pangea breakup
Yannick Donnadieu, A., Goddéris, Y., Pierrehumbert, R. T., Dromart, G., Fluteau, F., & Jacob, R. (2006) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2006gc001278 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Error analysis of CO2 and O2 estimates from the long-term geochemical model GEOCARBSULF
Royer, D. L., Donnadieu, Y., Park, J., Kowalczyk, J., & Godderis, Y. (2014) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/09.2014.01 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
O2constraints from Paleoproterozoic detrital pyrite and uraninite
Johnson, J. E., Gerpheide, A., Lamb, M. P., & Fischer, W. W. (2014) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30949.1 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Inclusion of the Weathering of Volcanic Rocks in the GEOCARBSULF Model
Berner, R. A. (2006) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/05.2006.01 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Delayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal production
Nelsen, M. P., DiMichele, W. A., Peters, S. E., & Boyce, C. K. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1517943113 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Did phosphorus derived from the weathering of large igneous provinces fertilize the Neoproterozoic ocean?
Horton, F. (2015) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1002/2015gc005792 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The oxygen content of ocean bottom waters, the burial efficiency of organic carbon, and the regulation of atmospheric oxygen
Betts, J. N., & Holland, H. D. (1991) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90178-t · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Secular variation in carbon uptake into the ocean crust
Gillis, K. M., & Coogan, L. A. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.030 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
MAGic: A Phanerozoic model for the geochemical cycling of major rock-forming components
Arvidson, R. S. (2006) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.306.3.135 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The major-ion composition of Permian seawater
Lowenstein, T., Timofeeff, M., Kovalevych, V., & Horita, J. (2005) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.015 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The Phanerozoic δ88/86Sr record of seawater: New constraints on past changes in oceanic carbonate fluxes
Vollstaedt, H., Eisenhauer, A., Wallmann, K., Böhm, F., Fietzke, J., Liebetrau, V., Krabbenhöft, A., Farkaš, J., Tomášových, A., Raddatz, J., et al. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Glacial onset predated Late Ordovician climate cooling
Pohl, A., Yannick Donnadieu, A., Hir, G. L., Ladant, J., Dumas, C., Álvarez-Solas, J., & Vandenbroucke, T. R. A. (2016) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1002/2016pa002928 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Atmospheric CO2 and O2 During the Phanerozoic: Tools, Patterns, and Impacts
Royer, D. L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01311-5 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
High potential for weathering and climate effects of non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician
Porada, P., Lenton, T. M., Pohl, A., Weber, B., Mander, L., Donnadieu, Y., Beer, C., Pöschl, U., & Kleidon, A. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12113 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
Terrestrial feedback in atmospheric oxygen regulation by fire and phosphorus
Kump, L. R. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/335152a0 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Glacial–interglacial changes of continental weathering: estimates of the related CO2 and HCO3− flux variations and their uncertainties
Munhoven, G. (2002) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/s0921-8181(02)00068-1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Phanerozoic paleogeology
Bluth, G. J., & Kump, L. R. (1991) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.291.3.284 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Timing of Neoproterozoic glaciations linked to transport-limited global weathering
Mills, B. J. W., Watson, A. J., Goldblatt, C., Boyle, R. A., & Lenton, T. M. (2011) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1305 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proterozoic oxygen rise linked to shifting balance between seafloor and terrestrial weathering
Mills, B. J. W., Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1321679111 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Could land‐based early photosynthesizing ecosystems have bioengineered the planet in mid‐Palaeozoic times?
Edwards, D., Cherns, L., & Raven, J. A. (2015) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/pala.12187 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Constraining the role of early land plants in Palaeozoic weathering and global cooling
Quirk, J., Leake, J. R., Johnson, D. A., Taylor, L. L., Saccone, L., & Beerling, D. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1115 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Conditions required for oceanic anoxia/euxinia: Constraints from a one-dimensional ocean biogeochemical cycle model
Ozaki, K., Tajima, S., & Tajika, E. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Biogeochemical Transformations in the History of the Ocean
Lenton, T. M., & Daines, S. J. (2016) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060521 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fire phenomena and the Earth system: an interdisciplinary guide to fire science
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-2684 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Changing tectonic controls on the long‐term carbon cycle from M esozoic to present
Mills, B. J. W., Daines, S. J., & Lenton, T. M. (2014) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1002/2014gc005530 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biogeochmical cycles of carbon and sulfur and their effect on atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Revolutions that made the Earth
Lenton, T., & Watson, A. J. (2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2080 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biogeochemical effects of atmospheric oxygen concentration, phosphorus weathering, and sea-level stand on oceanic redox chemistry: Implications for greenhouse climates
Ozaki, K., & Tajika, E. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.029 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Effect of the Ordovician paleogeography on the (in)stability of the climate
Pohl, A., Yannick Donnadieu, A., Hir, G. L., Buoncristiani, J., & Vennin, E. (2014) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-10-2053-2014 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Elevated CO2 degassing rates prevented the return of Snowball Earth during the Phanerozoic
Mills, B. J. W., Scotese, C. R., Walding, N. G., Shields, G., & Lenton, T. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01456-w · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
A modeling case for high atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic
Mills, B. J. W., Belcher, C. M., Lenton, T. M., & Newton, R. J. (2016) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g38231.1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Paleogeographic forcing of the strontium isotopic cycle in the Neoproterozoic
Goddéris, Y., Hir, G. L., Macouin, M., Yannick Donnadieu, A., Hubert-Théou, L., Dera, G., Aretz, M., Fluteau, F., Li, Z., & Halverson, G. P. (2016) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2016.09.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Geologic history of seawater: A MAGic approach to carbon chemistry and ocean ventilation
Arvidson, R., Mackenzie, F., & Guidry, M. W. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A new approach to isotopic modeling of the variation of atmospheric oxygen through the Phanerozoic
Lasaga, A. C. (1989) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.289.4.411 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lower Devonian coaly shales of northern New Brunswick, Canada: plant accumulations in the early stages of Terrestrial colonization
Kennedy, K. L., Gibling, M. R., Eble, C. F., Gastaldo, R. A., Gensel, P. G., Werner-Zwanziger, U., & Wilson, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.2110/jsr.2013.86 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sulfur isotopes in coal constrain the evolution of the Phanerozoic sulfur cycle
Canfield, D. E. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1306450110 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fire Feedbacks on Atmospheric Oxygen
Lenton, T. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118529539.ch15 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dolomite Controls on Phanerozoic Seawater Chemistry
Arvidson, R. S., Guidry, M. W., & Mackenzie, F. T. (2011) · Aquatic Geochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10498-011-9130-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Weathering of phosphorus in black shales
Kolowith, L. C., & Berner, R. A. (2002) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2001gb001887 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dioxygen over Geological Time
Sleep, N. (2005) · Metal Ions in Biological Systems · doi:10.1201/9780824751999.ch3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Phanerozoic evolution of atmospheric methane
Bartdorff, O., Wallmann, K., Latif, M., & Семенов, В. А. (2008) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2007gb002985 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Biological and Geochemical Forcings to Phanerozoic Change in Seawater, Atmosphere, and Carbonate Precipitate Composition
Guidry, M., Arvidson, R. S., & Mackenzie, F. T. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370518-1/50018-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Weathering of soil minerals by angiosperm and gymnosperm trees
Andrews, M. Y., Ague, J. J., & Berner, R. A. (2008) · Mineralogical Magazine · doi:10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.11 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Sensitivity of the Phanerozoic Inorganic Carbon System to the Onset of Pelagic Sedimentation
Arvidson, R. S., Mackenzie, F. T., & Berner, R. A. (2014) · Aquatic Geochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10498-013-9224-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Modeling Variable Phanerozoic Oxygen Effects on Physiology and Evolution
Graham, J. B., Jew, C. J., & Wegner, N. C. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_27 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 141 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

[12]12. Belcher, C.M. and McElwain, J.C., 2008. Limits for Combustion in Low O2 Redefine Paleoatmospheric Predictions for the Mesozoic. Science, 321(5893): 1197-1200.
[17]17. Berner, R.A., 1991. A model for atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science, 291: 339-376.
[45]45. Engebretson, D.C., Kelley, K.P., Cashman, H.J. and Richards, M.A., 1992. 180 Million Years of Subduction. GSA Today, 2(5): 93-100.
[74]74. IPCC (Editor), 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
[75]75. Johnson, J.E., Gerpheide, A., Lamb, M.P. and Fischer, W.W., 2014. O2 constraints from Paleoproterozoic detrital pyrite and uraninite. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 126(5- 6): 813-830.
[94]94. McArthur, J.M., Howarth, R.J. and Shields, G.A., 2012. Chapter 7 -Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy, The Geologic Time Scale. Elsevier, Boston, pp. 127-144.
[120]120. Schaller, M.F., Wright, J.D. and Kent, D.V., 2011. Atmospheric Pco2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science, 331(6023): 1404-1409.
[133]133. Veizer, J. and Mackenzie, F.T., 2003. Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks, Treatise on Geochemistry: Sediments, Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rocks. Elsevier, pp. 369-407.

Sorted by citations

Stepwise oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere
Krause, A. J., Mills, B. J. W., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., Lenton, T. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06383-y · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citation
A 485-million-year history of Earth’s surface temperature
Judd, E. J., Tierney, J. E., Lunt, D. J., Montañez, I. P., Huber, B. T., Wing, S. L., & Valdes, P. J. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adk3705 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean
Lu, W., Ridgwell, A. J., Thomas, E., Hardisty, D. S., Luo, G., Algeo, T. J., Saltzman, M. R., Gill, B. C., Shen, Y., Ling, H.-F., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar5372 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neogene cooling driven by land surface reactivity rather than increased weathering fluxes
Rugenstein, J. K. C., Ibarra, D. E., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1332-y · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Long-term organic carbon preservation enhanced by iron and manganese
Moore, O., Curti, L., Woulds, C., Bradley, J. A., Babakhani, P., Mills, B. J. W., Homoky, W. B., Xiao, K., Bray, A. W., Fisher, B. J., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06325-9 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citation
Silicate weathering as a feedback and forcing in Earth's climate and carbon cycle
Penman, D. E., Rugenstein, J. K. C., Ibarra, D. E., & Winnick, M. J. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103298 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Modelling the long-term carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2, and Earth surface temperature from late Neoproterozoic to present day
Mills, B. J. W., Krause, A. J., Scotese, C. R., Hill, D. J., Shields, G., & Lenton, T. M. (2018) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2018.12.001 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citation
Coordinated biotic and abiotic change during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Darriwilian assembly of early Paleozoic building blocks
Stigall, A. L., Edwards, C. T., Freeman, R. L., & Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. (2019) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.034 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The impacts of land plant evolution on Earth's climate and oxygenation state – An interdisciplinary review
Dahl, T. W., & Arens, S. K. M. (2020) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119665 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Stepwise Earth oxygenation is an inherent property of global biogeochemical cycling
Alcott, L. J., Mills, B. J. W., & Poulton, S. W. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6459 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
Influence of temporally varying weatherability on CO 2 -climate coupling and ecosystem change in the late Paleozoic
Richey, J. D., Montañez, I. P., Goddéris, Y., Looy, C. V., Griffis, N. P., & DiMichele, W. A. (2020) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-16-1759-2020 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Unique Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions sustained by coupled evaporite dissolution and pyrite burial
Shields, G. A., Mills, B. J. W., Zhu, M., Raub, T. D., Daines, S. J., & Lenton, T. M. (2019) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0434-3 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evolution of Earth’s tectonic carbon conveyor belt
Müller, R. D., Mather, B., Dutkiewicz, A., Keller, T., Merdith, A., Gonzalez, C. M., Gorczyk, W., & Zahirovic, S. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04420-x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Evolution of Atmospheric O2 Through the Phanerozoic, Revisited
Mills, B. J. W., Krause, A. J., Jarvis, I., & Cramer, B. (2023) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-095425 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“S ee c op yr ig ht f or a pp ro ve d us e. biogeochemistry and climate (e.g., COPSE: Bergman et al. 2004, Lenton et al. 2018; MAGic: Arvidson et al. 2013; SCION: Mills et al. 2021).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Atmosphere oxygen cycling through the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic
Large, R. R., Mukherjee, I., Gregory, D., Steadman, J., Corkrey, R., & Danyushevsky, L. V. (2019) · Mineralium Deposita · doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00873-9 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Reconciling proxy records and models of Earth's oxygenation during the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic
Tostevin, R., & Mills, B. J. W. (2020) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0137 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Recent reviews are available that describe the latest version of the model [65,66].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Uranium isotopes in marine carbonates as a global ocean paleoredox proxy: A critical review
Zhang, F., Lenton, T. M., del Rey, Á., Romaniello, S. J., Chen, X., Planavsky, N. J., Clarkson, M. O., Dahl, T. W., Lau, K., Wang, W., et al. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.05.011 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citation
Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations
Dahl, T. W., Connelly, J. N., Li, D., Kouchinsky, A., Gill, B. C., Porter, S., Maloof, A. C., & Bizzarro, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1901178116 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Selection for Gaia across Multiple Scales.
Lenton, T., Daines, S., Dyke, J., Nicholson, A., Wilkinson, D. M., & Williams, H. T. P. (2018) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.05.006 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Uncovering the Ediacaran phosphorus cycle
Dodd, M. S., Shi, W., Li, C., Zhang, Z., Cheng, M., Gu, H., Hardisty, D. S., Loyd, S. J., Wallace, M. W., Hood, A. V. S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06077-6 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Warm afterglow from the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event drives the success of deep-adapted brachiopods
Ullmann, C. V., Boyle, R., Duarte, L. V., Hesselbo, S. P., Kasemann, S. A., Klein, T. Y., Lenton, T. M., Piazza, V., & Aberhan, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63487-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citation
The origin and early evolution of plants
Bowles, A. M. C., Williamson, C. J., Williams, T. A., Lenton, T. M., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2022) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2022.09.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
The functional significance of the stomatal size to density relationship: Interaction with atmospheric [CO2] and role in plant physiological behaviour
Haworth, M., Marino, G., Materassi, A., Raschi, A., Scutt, C. P., & Centritto, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160908 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Drivers of the global phosphorus cycle over geological time
Zhao, M., Mills, B. J. W., Poulton, S. W., Wan, B., Xiao, K., Guo, L., & Guo, Z. (2024) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00603-4 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Mafic rocks generally contain more 83 , plant effect on weathering (black) 19 and global average temperature (GAT) (grey) 82,84 (shading represents the 95% confidence interval in GAT) (panel d ); and phosphorus content of average weatherable crust 17 (shading represents the standard error) (panel e…”
InfluentialSelf-citation
The History of Ocean Oxygenation
Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2022) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-031721-104005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“In panel b, the small light blue bars show empirical constraints from iron/phosphorus ratios in iron-rich chemical sediments, and the larger bars (<1.8 Gya) show model-derived values from Ozaki et al. (2019) (dark blue) and Lenton et al. (2018) (green).”
BackgroundInfluential
Spatial continuous integration of Phanerozoic global biogeochemistry and climate
Mills, B. J. W., Yannick Donnadieu, A., & Goddéris, Y. (2021) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.02.011 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“As discussed in Lenton et al. (2018) this change makes little difference to the model biogeochemistry predictions, but the addition of sulfur degassing ﬂ uxes were not compatible with the COPSE calcium cycle.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
A nutrient control on expanded anoxia and global cooling during the Late Ordovician mass extinction
Qiu, Z., Zou, C., Mills, B. J. W., Xiong, Y., Tao, H., Lu, B., Liu, H., Xiao, W., & Poulton, S. W. (2022) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00412-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evolution of the structure and impact of Earth’s biosphere
Planavsky, N. J., Crowe, S. A., Fakhraee, M., Beaty, B., Reinhard, C. T., Mills, B. J. W., Holstege, C., & Konhauser, K. O. (2021) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-020-00116-w · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citation
A long-term record of early to mid-Paleozoic marine redox change
Sperling, E. A., Melchin, M. J., Fraser, T., Stockey, R. G., Farrell, U. C., Bhajan, L., Brunoir, T. N., Cole, D. B., Gill, B. C., Lenz, A., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4382 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Early Palaeozoic ocean anoxia and global warming driven by the evolution of shallow burrowing
de Velde, S. J. V., Mills, B. J. W., Meysman, F. J. R., Lenton, T. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04973-4 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Deep Carbon Cycling Over the Past 200 Million Years: A Review of Fluxes in Different Tectonic Settings
Wong, K., Mason, E., Brune, S., East, M., Edmonds, M., & Zahirovic, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00263 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cycling phosphorus on the Archean Earth: Part I. Continental weathering and riverine transport of phosphorus
Hao, J., Knoll, A. H., Huang, F., Hazen, R. M., & Daniel, I. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.027 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Functional complementarity of ancient plant–fungal mutualisms: contrasting nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon exchanges between Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina fungal symbionts of liverworts
Field, K. J., Bidartondo, M. I., Rimington, W. R., Hoysted, G. A., Beerling, D. J., Cameron, D. D., Duckett, J. G., Leake, J. R., & Pressel, S. (2019) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.15819 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“…per unit of photosynthate carbon (C) received at CO2 concentrations simulating the atmosphere of the early to mid-Palaeozoic under which land plants first evolved (1500 ppm atmospheric CO2 (a[CO2]); Berner, 2006; Lenton et al., 2018) than under modern-day a[CO2] of 440 ppm (Field et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethod
Revisiting the Great Ordovician Diversification of land plants: Recent data and perspectives
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Cleal, C. J., Gerrienne, P., Harper, D. A. T., & Neumann, M. (2019) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109280 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
What controls the duration and intensity of ocean anoxic events in the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic?
Reershemius, T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103787 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Land plant evolution decreased, rather than increased, weathering rates
D’Antonio, M. P., Ibarra, D. E., & Boyce, C. K. (2019) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g46776.1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Harper, D. A. T., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111592 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Marine anoxia linked to abrupt global warming during Earth’s penultimate icehouse
Chen, J., Montañez, I. P., Zhang, S., Isson, T. T., Macarewich, S. I., Planavsky, N. J., Zhang, F., Rauzi, S., Daviau, K., Yao, L., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2115231119 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The impact of marine nutrient abundance on early eukaryotic ecosystems
Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Ward, B. A., Love, G. D., Hir, G. L., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2020) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12384 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
New paleogeographic and degassing parameters for long-term carbon cycle models
Marcilly, C. M., Torsvik, T. H., Domeier, M., & Royer, D. L. (2021) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.05.016 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Extreme variability in atmospheric oxygen levels in the late Precambrian
Krause, A. J., Mills, B. J. W., Merdith, A. S., Lenton, T. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm8191 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event
Williams, J., Mills, B. J. W., & Lenton, T. M. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fossil evidence that increased wildfire activity occurs in tandem with periods of global warming in Earth's past
Baker, S. J. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103871 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Evolution Pathway of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Shaped by Major Geological Events
Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Lenton, T. M., Yan, X., Zhu, M., Zhou, M., Tao, J., Phelps, T. J., & Cao, Z. (2021) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msab129 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“2018) and the COPSE reloaded model (dark blue) (Lenton et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Vertical decoupling in Late Ordovician anoxia due to reorganization of ocean circulation
Pohl, A., Lu, Z., Lu, W., Stockey, R., Elrick, M., Li, M., Desrochers, A., Shen, Y., He, R., Finnegan, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00843-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Decreasing Phanerozoic extinction intensity as a consequence of Earth surface oxygenation and metazoan ecophysiology
Stockey, R., Pohl, A., Ridgwell, A. J., Finnegan, S., & Sperling, E. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2101900118 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“T. M. Lenton, S. J. Daines, B. J. W. Mills, COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time.”
BackgroundMethod
Life on Earth is hard to spot
Lenton, T. M., Dutreuil, S., & Latour, B. (2020) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019620918939 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“This model rapidly became the centre of theoretical discussion about Gaia (Betts and Lenton, 2007; Lenton et al., 2018a; Lenton and Lovelock, 2001; McDonald-Gibson et al., 2008; Volk, 2002; Watson and Lovelock, 1983).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Impact of trees and forests on the Devonian landscape and weathering processes with implications to the global Earth's system properties - A critical review
Pawlik, Ł., Buma, B. J., Šamonil, P., Kvaček, J., Gałązka, A., Kohout, P., & Malik, I. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103200 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The effects of marine eukaryote evolution on phosphorus, carbon and oxygen cycling across the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition
Lenton, T. M., & Daines, S. J. (2018) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20170156 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of calcium in regulating marine phosphorus burial and atmospheric oxygenation
Zhao, M., Zhang, S., Tarhan, L. G., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15673-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Oxygenation of the Earth aided by mineral–organic carbon preservation
Zhao, M., Mills, B. J. W., Homoky, W. B., & Peacock, C. L. (2023) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01133-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recent Advances in Geochemical Paleo-Oxybarometers
Kendall, B. (2021) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-071520-051637 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Jurassic greenhouse ice-sheet fluctuations sensitive to atmospheric CO2 dynamics
Nordt, L., Breecker, D., & White, J. (2021) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00858-2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The future lifespan of Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere
Ozaki, K., & Reinhard, C. T. (2021) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00693-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Devonian paleoclimate and its drivers: A reassessment based on a new conodont δ18O record from South China
Chen, B., Ma, X., Mills, B. J. W., Qie, W., Joachimski, M. M., Shen, S., Wang, C., Xu, H., & Wang, X. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103814 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Links between early Paleozoic oxygenation and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): A review
Edwards, C. T. (2018) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2018.08.006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Variable redox conditions as an evolutionary driver? A multi-basin comparison of redox in the middle and later Cambrian oceans (Drumian-Paibian)
LeRoy, M. A., Gill, B. C., Sperling, E. A., McKenzie, N. R., & Park, T. S. (2021) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110209 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lithium isotopic constraints on the evolution of continental clay mineral factory and marine oxygenation in the earliest Paleozoic Era
Wei, G., Zhao, M., Sperling, E. A., Gaines, R. R., Kalderon-Asael, B., Shen, J., Li, C., Zhang, F., Li, G., Zhou, C., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk2152 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Initial atmospheric O 2 levels were set at 5 to 40% PAL, based on previous estimates generated by well-established numerical models ( 82 , 85 ).”
Method
Upper limits on the extent of seafloor anoxia during the PETM from uranium isotopes
Clarkson, M. O., Lenton, T. M., Andersen, M. B., Bagard, M.-L., Dickson, A. J., & Vance, D. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20486-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Osmium and lithium isotope evidence for weathering feedbacks linked to orbitally paced organic carbon burial and Silurian glaciations
Sproson, A. D., von Strandmann, P. A. E. P., Selby, D. S., Jarochowska, E., Frýda, J., Hladil, J., Loydell, D. K., Slavík, L., Calner, M., Maier, G., et al. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117260 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Causes and consequences of the Messinian salinity crisis
Krijgsman, W., Rohling, E. J., Palcu, D. V., Raad, F., Amarathunga, U., Flecker, R., Florindo, F., Roberts, A. P., Sierro, F. J., & Aloisi, G. (2024) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00533-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Most biogeochemical models have ignored evaporite-driven perturbations to seawater chemistry 148,149 , assuming that over time-scales >100 kyr, evaporite precipitation and weathering are balanced.”
END-PERMIAN BURNOUT: THE ROLE OF PERMIAN–TRIASSIC WILDFIRES IN EXTINCTION, CARBON CYCLING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN EASTERN GONDWANA
Mays, C., & McLoughlin, S. (2022) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2021.051 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…estimate only a modest reduction in pO2 from pre-EPE levels, and retention at consistently higher values than modern pO2 for the Early Triassic (Krause et al. 2018; Lenton et al. 2018; Mills et al. 2021), suggesting that oxygen was not the primary limiting factor to fire ignition and spread.”
Background
Atmospheric oxygen of the Paleozoic
Brand, U., Davis, A., Shaver, K. K., Blamey, N., Heizler, M., & Lécuyer, C. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103560 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rates of seafloor and continental weathering govern Phanerozoic marine phosphate levels
Sharoni, S., & Halevy, I. (2022) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-022-01075-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Carbon isotope evidence for the global physiology of Proterozoic cyanobacteria
Hurley, S. J., Wing, B. A., Jasper, C. E., Hill, N. C., & Cameron, J. C. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc8998 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Principles of fire ecology
Kobziar, L. N., Hiers, J. K., Belcher, C. M., Bond, W. J., Enquist, C. A. F., Loudermilk, E. L., Miesel, J., O’Brien, J. J., Pausas, J. G., Hood, S. M., et al. (2024) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-024-00272-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“The earliest land plants evolved in a world where atmospheric CO 2 levels were seven times higher and oxygen levels were 1.4 times lower than today (Lenton et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluential
Fire-prone Rhamnaceae with South African affinities in Cretaceous Myanmar amber
Shi, C., Wang, S., Cai, H., Zhang, H., Long, X., Tihelka, E., Song, W., Feng, Q., JIANG, R.-X., Cai, C., et al. (2022) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/s41477-021-01091-w · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Evidence of wildfires and elevated atmospheric oxygen at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian mass extinction
Liu, Z., Selby, D. S., Hackley, P. C., & Over, D. J. (2020) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b35457.1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Quantitative comparison of geological data and model simulations constrains early Cambrian geography and climate
Hearing, T. W. W., Pohl, A., Williams, M., Yannick Donnadieu, A., Harvey, T. H. P., Scotese, C. R., Sepulchre, P., Franc, A., & Vandenbroucke, T. R. A. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24141-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Decoupled oxygenation of the Ediacaran ocean and atmosphere during the rise of early animals
Shi, W., Mills, B. J. W., Li, C., Poulton, S. W., Krause, A. J., He, T., Zhou, Y., Cheng, M., & Shields, G. (2022) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117619 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen
Glasspool, I. J., & Gastaldo, R. A. (2022) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g50193.1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes
Babakhani, P., Dale, A. W., Woulds, C., Moore, O., Xiao, K., Curti, L., & Peacock, C. L. (2025) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Earth History of Oxygen and the iprOxy
Lu, Z., Lu, W., Rickaby, R. E. M., & Thomas, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108688604 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Carbon cycle inverse modeling suggests large changes in fractional organic burial are consistent with the carbon isotope record and may have contributed to the rise of oxygen
Krissansen‐Totton, J., Kipp, M. A., & Catling, D. C. (2021) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12440 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…et al., 2009); however, the total carbonate burial flux may be as high as 30– 40 Tmol C/year (Milliman, 1993), which would imply a carbonate weathering flux around 20– 30 Tmol C/year, assuming a ~10 Tmol C/year contribution from silicate weathering (Gaillardet et al., 1999; Lenton et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Dynamic oceanic redox conditions across the late Cambrian SPICE event constrained by molybdenum and uranium isotopes
Zhao, Z., Pang, X., Zou, C., Dickson, A. J., Basu, A., Guo, Z., Pan, S., Nielsen, A. T., Schovsbo, N. H., Jing, Z., et al. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118013 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Limited Carbon Cycle Response to Increased Sulfide Weathering Due to Oxygen Feedback
Maffre, P., Swanson‐Hysell, N. L., & Goddéris, Y. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl094589 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Hence, geochemical cycle models, such as COPSE (Lenton et al., 2018), generally assume those fluxes to be proportional to sulfate concentration.”
Method
Paleoclimate-induced wildfires in a paleomire in the Ordos Basin, Northern China during the Middle Jurassic greenhouse period
Zhao, C., Zhang, K., Xiao, L., Uhl, D., Shi, Z., Zhao, W., Zhao, Q., Sun, Y., & Liu, B. (2023) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121677 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Weathering Intensity and Presence of Vegetation Are Key Controls on Soil Phosphorus Concentrations: Implications for Past and Future Terrestrial Ecosystems
Dzombak, R., & Sheldon, N. D. (2020) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems4040073 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Prior to the evolution and expansion of land plants, changes in the flux of P from continents to oceans are thought to have been a primary control on marine productivity, and consequently, on the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere [10,11].”
Background
The rise of angiosperms strengthened fire feedbacks and improved the regulation of atmospheric oxygen
Belcher, C. M., Mills, B. J. W., Vitali, R., Baker, S. J., Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20772-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Background Earth system state amplified Carnian (Late Triassic) environmental changes
Corso, J. D., Mills, B. J. W., Chu, D., Newton, R. J., & Song, H. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117321 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lithium isotope behaviour during basalt weathering experiments amended with organic acids
von Strandmann, P. A. E. P., Liu, X., Liu, C., Wilson, D. J., Hammond, S. J., Tarbuck, G. M., Aristilde, L., Krause, A. J., & Fraser, W. T. (2022) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.04.032 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…caused significant global increases in chemical weathering, leading to an increased drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 , and potentially triggering cold periods and mass extinctions in the Devonian-Carboniferous (Berner, 1998, 2006; Dahl and Arens, 2020; Lenton et al., 2018; Lenton et al., 2012).”
Background
A paleosol record of the evolution of Cr redox cycling and evidence for an increase in atmospheric oxygen during the Neoproterozoic
Colwyn, D. A., Sheldon, N. D., Maynard, J. B., Gaines, R. R., Hofmann, A., Wang, X., Guéguen, B., Asael, D., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2019) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12360 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ordovician cyanobacterial calcification: A marine fossil proxy for atmospheric CO2
Liu, L., Liang, L., Wu, Y., Zhou, X., Jia, L., & Riding, R. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115950 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Iron and sulfur cycling in the cGENIE.muffin Earth system model (v0.9.21)
van de Velde, S., Hülse, D., Reinhard, C. T., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-14-2713-2021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tectonic Controls on Carbon and Serpentinite Storage in Subducted Upper Oceanic Lithosphere for the Past 320 Ma
Merdith, A., Atkins, S., & Tetley, M. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00332 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Functional traits of fossil plants
McElwain, J. C., Matthaeus, W. J., Barbosa, C., Chondrogiannis, C., Dea, K. O., Jackson, B., Knetge, A. B., Kwaśniewska, K., Nair, R. K. F., White, J. D., et al. (2024) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.19622 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
On the geological and scientific legacy of petrogenic organic carbon
Blattmann, T. M., Letsch, D., & Eglinton, T. I. (2018) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/08.2018.02 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Evaporite weathering and deposition as a long-term climate forcing mechanism
Shields, G., & Mills, B. J. W. (2020) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g48146.1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…(halides, sulfates) into rivers unaccompanied by carbonate alkalinity, for example: In established long-term biogeochemical models (Berner, 1991; Lenton et al., 2018; Mills et al., 2018), evaporite fluxes are negated by assuming a close balance between the weathering and deposition of Ca-and…”
Self-citation
A persistent non-uniformitarian paleomagnetic field in the Devonian?
van der Boon, A., Biggin, A. J., Thallner, D., Hounslow, M. W., Bono, R. K., Nawrocki, J., Wójcik, K., Paszkowski, M., Königshof, P., Backer, T. D., et al. (2022) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104073 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Respiratory evolution in archosaurs
Brocklehurst, R. J., Schachner, E. R., Codd, J. R., & Sellers, W. I. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0140 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
An inter-comparison study of three stomatal-proxy methods for CO2 reconstruction applied to early Jurassic Ginkgoales plants
Zhou, N., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Porter, A. S., Kürschner, W. M., Li, L., Lu, N., & McElwain, J. C. (2019) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109547 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Stable potassium (K) isotope characteristics at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents and its implications for the global K cycle
Zheng, X., Beard, B. L., Neuman, M., Fahnestock, M. F., Bryce, J. G., & Johnson, C. M. (2022) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117653 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ice, Fire, or Fizzle: The Climate Footprint of Earth's Supercontinental Cycles
Jellinek, M. A., Lenardic, A., & Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2020) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2019gc008464 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…Hayes & Waldbauer, 2006; Higgins & Schrag, 2003; Jagoutz et al., 2016; Johnston et al., 2012; Kump, 2018; Kump et al., 2000; Le Hir et al., 2009; Lenton et al., 2018; Mills et al., 2014, 2014; Roberson et al., 2011; Ridgwell & Zeebe, 2005; Rothman, 2015; Rothman et al., 2003; Rothman & Forney,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
A generic hierarchical model of organic matter degradation and preservation in aquatic systems
Shang, H. (2023) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00667-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Testing the accuracy of new paleoatmospheric CO2 proxies based on plant stable carbon isotopic composition and stomatal traits in a range of simulated paleoatmospheric O2:CO2 ratios
Porter, A. S., Evans-Fitz.Gerald, C., Yiotis, C., Montañez, I. P., & McElwain, J. C. (2019) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.05.037 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Evaluating the Plausible Range of N2O Biosignatures on Exo-Earths: An Integrated Biogeochemical, Photochemical, and Spectral Modeling Approach
Schwieterman, E. W., Olson, S. L., Pidhorodetska, D., Reinhard, C. T., Ganti, A., Fauchez, T. J., Bastelberger, S., Crouse, J., Ridgwell, A. J., & Lyons, T. W. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8cfb · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Steady-state P levels are unlikely to have dramatically exceeded ∼2 times POL at any point in Earth’s history (Reinhard et al. 2017b; Lenton et al. 2018; Reinhard & Planavsky 2022).”
Background
Mercury isotopes show vascular plants had colonized land extensively by the early Silurian
Yuan, W., Liu, M., Chen, D., Xing, Y., Spicer, R. A., Chen, J., Them, T. R., Wang, X., Li, S., Guo, C., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade9510 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Profound impact on the atmosphere and surface of Earth Despite some differences in the estimation of absolute oxygen content, both COPSE ( 40 ) and GEOCARBONSULF ( 23 ) models suggest two episodes of distinct increase of atmospheric p O 2 ; one was from the Ordovician to the end of the Silurian,…”
Implications of different stellar spectra for the climate of tidally locked Earth-like exoplanets
Eager-Nash, J. K., Reichelt, D. J., Mayne, N. J., Lambert, F. H., Sergeev, D. E., Ridgway, R. J., Manners, J. C., Boutle, I., Lenton, T. M., & Kohary, K. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038089 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Spatial pattern of marine oxygenation set by tectonic and ecological drivers over the Phanerozoic
Wang, X., Algeo, T. J., Li, C., & Zhu, M. (2023) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01296-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“2h), which promoted organic burial in terrestrial environments and elevated atmospheric p O ,12,15 , leading to higher surface-ocean dissolved O 2 concentrations, while concurrently enhancing nutrient fluxes to the ocean 16,17 , thus boosting marine primary productivity and O 2 consumption in the…”
Background
Early Triassic super-greenhouse climate driven by vegetation collapse
Xu, Z., Yu, J., Yin, H., Merdith, A., Hilton, J. M., Allen, B. J., Gurung, K., Wignall, P. B., Dunhill, A. M., Shen, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60396-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“57 – 59 for a range of estimates of this factor, and Methods 10 and 11 for model runs with different factors).”
Self-citation

COPSE: A new model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time
Bergman, N. M. (2004) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.304.5.397 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Impacts of Revised Geologic Forcing Factors on the Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle
Williams, J. (2016) · Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Error analysis of CO2 and O2 estimates from the long-term geochemical model GEOCARBSULF
Royer, D. L., Donnadieu, Y., Park, J., Kowalczyk, J., & Godderis, Y. (2014) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/09.2014.01 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A New Biogeochemical Earth System Model for the Phanerozoic Eon
Bergman, N. M., Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2004) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262194983.003.0011
Self-citation
GEOCARBSULF: A combined model for Phanerozoic atmospheric O2 and CO2
Berner, R. A. (2006) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.032 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works

Authors: Lenton, T. M., Daines, S. J., & Mills, B. J. W.
Affiliations: University of Exeter (GB)
University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Lenton, Timothy M.
ORCID: Lenton, Timothy M.
Daines, Stuart J.
Mills, Benjamin J.W.
Venue: Earth-Science Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-03
Volume: 178
Pages: 1-28
ISSN: 0012-8252 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.004
OpenAlex: W2772093563
Cited by: 350
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 10
FWCI: 14.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Earth-Science Reviews (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Leeds
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P013651/1, NE/N018508/1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
Keywords: atmospheric oxygen, atmospheric CO2, sulfate, strontium isotopes, ocean anoxia, seafloor weathering, volcanic rock weathering, land plants, carbon cycle modeling

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks