Role of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease: The prime pathological player
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalently found tauopathy characterized by memory loss and cognitive insufficiency. AD is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with two major hallmarks which includes extracellular amyloid plaques made of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. With population aging worldwide, there is an indispensable need for treatment strategies that can potentially manage this developing dementia. Despite broad researches on targeting Aβ in the past two decades, research findings on Aβ targeted therapeutics failed to prove efficacy in the treatment of AD. Tau protein with its extensive pathological role in several neurodegenerative diseases can be considered as a promising target candidate for developing therapeutic interventions. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau plays detrimental pathological functions which ultimately lead to neurodegeneration. This review will divulge the importance of tau in AD pathogenesis, the interplay of Aβ and tau, the pathological functions of tau, and potential therapeutic strategies for an effective management of neuronal disorders.
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α-Synuclein, heat shock proteins, immunophilins, and Pin1 regulate tau phosphorylation, aggregation, or degradation.
“Besides, crosstalk with other proteins adds additional complexity; for example, α-synuclein, heat shock proteins, immunophilins, and the prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) have all been shown to regulate tau phosphorylation, aggregation, or degradation [48, 52].”
From Toward a Unified Framework in Molecular Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Revisiting the Pathophysiological Hypotheses (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
Tau pathology is associated with neuroinflammation, as pro-inflammatory cytokines can increase tau transcription and activate inflammatory pathways that exacerbate tau-related neurodegeneration.
“Additionally, tau pathology is associated with neuroinflammation, as pro-inflammatory cytokines can increase tau transcription and activate inflammatory pathways that further exacerbate tau-related neurodegeneration [13,14].”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Hyperphosphorylation promotes tau aggregation into paired helical filaments and NFTs, which correlate strongly with clinical symptoms of AD.
“This hyperphosphorylation promotes tau aggregation into paired helical filaments and NFTs, which correlate strongly with clinical symptoms of AD.”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The tau protein hypothesis focuses on hyperphosphorylation of tau leading to detachment from microtubules and formation of NFTs, a hallmark of AD.
“The tau protein hypothesis focuses on the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to its detachment from microtubules, resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are a hallmark of AD.”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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Kopeikina, K. J., Polydoro, M., Tai, H., Yaeger, E., Carlson, G. A., Pitstick, R., Hyman, B. T., & Spires‐Jones, T. L. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23234 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Miao, J., Shi, R., Li, L., Chen, F., Zhou, Y., Tung, Y. C., Hu, W. H., Gong, C., Iqbal, K., & Liu, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00034 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Soluble Aβ Promotes Wild-Type Tau Pathology<i>In Vivo</i>
Chabrier, M. A., Blurton-Jones, M., Agazaryan, A. A., Nerhus, J. L., Martinez-Coria, H., & LaFerla, F. M. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0172-12.2012 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease: identification of novel therapeutic targets
Pooler, A. M., Polydoro, M., Wegmann, S., Nicholls, S. B., Spires‐Jones, T. L., & Hyman, B. T. (2013) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt214 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Acetylation changes tau interactome to degrade tau in Alzheimer’s disease animal and organoid models
Choi, H., Kim, H. J., Yang, J., Chae, S., Lee, W., Chung, S., Kim, J., Choi, H., Song, H., Lee, C. K., et al. (2019) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13081 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Molecular Pharmacology and Alzheimer's Disease
Gurney, M. E., D'Amato, E. C., & Burgin, A. B. (2015) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-014-0309-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Survival of adult neurons lacking cholesterol synthesis in vivo
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The Role of Tau Oligomers in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology
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Neurofibrillary Pathology in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing V717F β-Amyloid Precursor Protein
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Pin1 has opposite effects on wild-type and P301L tau stability and tauopathy
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Alzheimer’s disease as type 3 diabetes: understanding the link and implications
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Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
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“Additionally, tau pathology is associated with neuroinflammation, as pro-inflammatory cytokines can increase tau transcription and activate inflammatory pathways that further exacerbate tau-related neurodegeneration [13,14].”
BackgroundThe Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer’s Disease
Mishra, P., Davies, D. A., & Albensi, B. C. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hein, Z. M., Karikalan, B., Gopalakrishna, P. K., Dhevi, K., Alkatiri, A., Hussan, F., Mohd Moklas, M. A., Jagadeesan, S., Che Ramli, M. D., Che Mohd Nassir, C. M. N., et al. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05602-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Reelin links Apolipoprotein E4, Tau, and Amyloid‐β in Alzheimer’s disease
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Sushma, Sahu, M. R., Murugan, N. A., & Mondal, A. C. (2024) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202300245 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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An, X., He, J., Bi, B., Wu, G., Xu, J., Yu, W., & Ren, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1510729 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Muralidar, S., Ambi, S. V., Sekaran, S., Thirumalai, D., & Palaniappan, B.
- Affiliations
- SASTRA University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Ambi, Senthil Visaga
- Venue
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 163
- Pages
- 1599-1617
- ISSN
- 0141-8130 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3047818817
- Semantic Scholar
- 470dc765eac307ea3b63b8c8b88e81d7cd112572
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 302
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- SASTRA-Deemed-to-be-University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- tau protein, Alzheimer's disease, tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, tauopathy, neurodegeneration, dementia, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Neurons, Phosphorylation, Amyloid beta-Peptides, tau Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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