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Hyperventilation in panic disorder and asthma: Empirical evidence and clinical strategies
Open accessAbstract
Sustained or spontaneous hyperventilation has been associated with a variety of physical symptoms and has been linked to a number of organic illnesses and mental disorders. Theories of panic disorder hold that hyperventilation either produces feared symptoms of hypocapnia or protects against feared suffocation symptoms of hypercapnia. Although the evidence for both theories is inconclusive, findings from observational, experimental, and therapeutic studies suggest an important role of low carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in this disorder. Similarly, hypocapnia and associated hyperpnia are linked to bronchoconstriction, symptom exacerbation, and lower quality of life in patients with asthma. Raising CO2 levels by means of therapeutic capnometry has proven beneficial effects in both disorders, and the reversing of hyperventilation has emerged as a potent mediator for reductions in panic symptom severity and treatment success.
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“Respiratory abnormalities have been postulated as an important factor in the development or maintenance of PD/A (Gorman et al., 1988; Klein, 1993; see Meuret & Ritz, 2010, for a review)”
From Coping Skills and Exposure Therapy in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Latest Advances and Future Directions (2012) · cites this paper as Meuret & Ritz, 2010
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“There is an extensive body of research that implicates respiratory processes and particularly hyperventilation in panic disorder [21, 22].”
From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The diagnosis is based on the Nijmegen questionnaire only after organic disease has been ruled out or optimally controlled, and is often difficult to distinguish from asthma and anxiety disorders [5, 16, 21].”
From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The diagnosis is based on the Nijmegen questionnaire only after organic disease has been ruled out or optimally controlled, and is often difficult to distinguish from asthma and anxiety disorders [5, 16, 21].”
From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Meuret, A. E., & Ritz, T.
- Affiliations
- Southern Methodist University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meuret, Alicia E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-79
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2937087
- OpenAlex
- W2078549137
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01 HL-089761)
- Beth and Russell Siegelman Foundation (Meuret)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- hyperventilation, panic disorder, asthma, hypocapnia, hypercapnia, carbon dioxide levels, bronchoconstriction, capnometry, panic symptoms, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Carbon Dioxide, Humans, Hyperventilation, Panic Disorder, Hypocapnia, Evidence-Based Medicine, Empirical Research
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