Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Olshansky, Brian; Sullivan, Renee M.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.074

Cited by 182Cardiac Arrhythmias and TreatmentsCardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic DisordersCardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

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Olshansky, Brian, Sullivan, Renee M.·2013·Journal of the American College of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.074

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Abstract

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a syndrome in which the sinus heart rate is inexplicably faster than expected and associated symptoms are present. The heart rate at rest, even in a supine position, can exceed 100 beats/min; minimal activity accelerates the rate rapidly and substantially. Patients with IST may require restriction from physical activity. Mechanisms responsible for IST are understood incompletely. It is important to distinguish IST from so-called appropriate sinus tachycardia and from postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, with which overlap may occur. Because the long-term outcome seems to be benign, treatment may be unnecessary or may be as simple as physical training. However, for patients with intolerable symptoms, therapeutic measures are warranted. Even at high doses, β-adrenergic blockers, the first-line therapy, often are ineffective; the same is true for most other medical therapies. In rare instances, catheter- or surgically- based right atrial or sinus node modification may be helpful, but even this is fraught with limited efficacy and potential complications. Overtreatment, in an attempt to reduce symptoms, can be difficult to avoid, but is discouraged.

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The mechanism of inappropriate sinus tachycardia remains poorly understood and is likely multifactorial.
“The underlying mechanism of inappropriate sinus tachycardia remains poorly understood and is likely to be multifactorial.94”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [94]
These mechanisms include decreased parasympathetic activity, diminished muscarinic receptor function, impaired efferent vagal activation, increased sympathetic activity and baroreceptor dysfunction.
“These mechanisms include decreased parasympathetic activity, diminished muscarinic receptor function, impaired efferent vagal activation, increased sympathetic activity and baroreceptor dysfunction.55,75”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]
Clinically, idiopathic sinus tachycardia comprises two principal diagnostic categories, POTS and IST.
“Clinically, ‘Idiopathic sinus tachycardia’ comprises two principal diagnostic categories, POTS and IST.49,50,75,167,170”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]
Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery with bipolar radiofrequency clamp or cryoablation, isolation of the superior right atrium, and inferior vena cava isolation are alternative approaches.
“Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery with use of bipolar radiofrequency clamp or cryoablation, 75,205,215–219, isolation of the superior right atrium from the rest of the atrium217,218,220, and inferior vena cava isolation 205,217 are alternative approaches.”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]
By limiting the compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output in POTS patients, severe orthostatic hypotension can result.
“By limiting the compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output in POTS patients, severe orthostatic hypotension can result.75,202”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]

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Self-citation
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Authors: Olshansky, B., & Sullivan, R. M.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
University of Missouri (US)
Corresponding author: Olshansky, Brian
ORCID: Olshansky, Brian
Sullivan, Renee M.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-02
Volume: 61
Issue: 8
Pages: 793-801
ISSN: 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.074
OpenAlex: W2037333435
Semantic Scholar: 20ebde3d48e5c8852e546e2c7f59da148962ac4b
Cited by: 182
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 390 d)
Locations: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Keywords: inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, exercise training, beta-blockers, catheter ablation, overtreatment, symptom management
MeSH terms: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Biological Clocks, Depression, Chemical, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate, Humans, Sinoatrial Node, Tachycardia, Sinus, Vagus Nerve, Catheter Ablation, Neurotransmitter Agents, Disease Management, Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac

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