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Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry
Abstract
Although recent findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty is a fundamental construct involved in excessive worry, additional research is required to further establish the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and demonstrate its unique contribution to the understanding of worry. The present study examined the relationships among measures of worry, intolerance of uncertainty, intolerance of ambiguity, perfectionism, and perceived control in a sample of 197 university students. The findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty moderately overlaps with earlier conceptualizations of intolerance of ambiguity; however, worry was more highly related to intolerance of uncertainty than to intolerance of ambiguity. Intolerance of uncertainty also emerged as the most salient predictor of worry compared to other cognitive processes such as perfectionism and perceived control. Worry and intolerance of uncertainty continued to be significantly related after controlling for intolerance of ambiguity, perfectionism, and perceived control, which implies that intolerance of uncertainty shares a unique association with worry that is not accounted for by these other cognitive factors. Overall, the findings provide evidence of construct validity and underscore the role of intolerance of uncertainty in the conceptualization of worry.
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In the citing paper
“considering evidence that intolerance of uncertainty is positively related to psychological inflexibility and negatively related to post-traumatic growth32,45,62”
In the citing paper
“is proposed to be a key maintaining factor in chronic worry (Buhr and Dugas, 2006; Dugas et al ., 2004; Freeston et al .,1994)”
From Effectiveness and predictors of group cognitive behaviour therapy outcome for generalised anxiety disorder in an out-patient hospital setting (2024) · cites this paper as Buhr and Dugas, 2006
In the citing paper
“IU is proposed to be one of the key factors that exacerbates and maintains chronic worry (Buhr and Dugas, 2006; Dugas et al ., 2004).”
From Effectiveness and predictors of group cognitive behaviour therapy outcome for generalised anxiety disorder in an out-patient hospital setting (2024) · cites this paper as Buhr and Dugas, 2006
In the citing paper
“Despite the transdiagnostic nature of IU (for a review, see Carleton, 2012), the relationship between IU and GAD is not accounted for by shared variance with other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, negative affect, perfectionism or need for control (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Norton et al., 2005).”
From Behavioral Experiments for Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Randomized Clinical Trial for Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2022) · cites this paper as Buhr & Dugas, 2006
In the citing paper
“Worry and IU continued to be significantly correlated after controlling for intolerance for ambiguity, perfectionism, and perceived control (Buhr & Dugas, 2006).”
From Extension of the Transdiagnostic Model to Focus on Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Treatment (2014) · cites this paper as Buhr & Dugas, 2006
In the citing paper
“IU has been linked to the development and maintenance of worry and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (Buhr and Dugas 2006, 2009, 2012; Dugas et al. 1997, 2005; Freeston et al. 1994)”
From Towards a Treatment for Intolerance of Uncertainty for Autistic Adults: A Single Case Experimental Design Study. (2018) · cites this paper as Buhr and Dugas 2006
In the citing paper
“People with a high intolerance of uncertainty see uncertain situations as stressful and sad.[53]”
From Psychological Distress of Breast Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors: A Controlled Study. (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Numerous studies suggest IU is a cognitive vulnerability factor for worry (e.g.Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Koerner & Dugas, 2008).”
From Applicability of the intolerance of uncertainty model to Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in young people (2021) · cites this paper as Buhr & Dugas, 2006
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“Correlations between measures of IA and IU have been reported to range from .42 (Buhr & Dugas, 2006) to .50 (Dugas et al., 2005).”
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“IU has also been found to be independent of mood state (e.g., symptoms of anxiety or depression), an important indication of stability (Buhr & Dugas, 2002, 2006; Dugas, Freeston, & Ladouceur, 1997).”
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“…has been found to be a more robust predictor than several other proposed maintaining factors, including positive metabeliefs, negative problem orientation, cognitive avoidance, perfectionism, perceived control, and intolerance of ambiguity (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Laugesen, Dugas, & Bukowski, 2003).”
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“…to have a strong relationship with worry, and after controlling for other factors related to worry, such as positive beliefs about the function of worry, perceived self control, and perfectionism, IU exhibited a unique contribution to worry (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Laugesen, Dugas, & Bukowski, 2003).”
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“Several investigations have shown that IU remains a significant and robust predictor of worry when the effects of mood state (e.g., symptoms of anxiety and depression) are held constant ( Buhr & Dugas, 2002, 2006; Dugas, Freeston, & Ladouceur, 1997; Lachance, Ladouceur, & Dugas, 1999).”
Self-citationMcEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Shihata, S., Price, J. E., & Strachan, L. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101778 · Cited by 271
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“The first path predicts that if the threat expectancy is low, no arousal is experienced despite the presence of uncertainty.”
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“…Letarte, Dugas, & Ladouceur, 1994; see also Carleton, 2012, for a review), and is postulated to be a cognitive risk factor to excessive and pathological worry, a central feature underlying generalized anxiety disorder (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas, Letarte, Rhéaume, Freeston, & Ladouceur, 1995).”
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Self-citationA comparison of the 27-item and 12-item intolerance of uncertainty scales
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Self-citationIntolerance of uncertainty as a vulnerability factor for excessive and inflexible avoidance behavior
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“In a similar vein, worry – which primarily involves thoughts about future threat and is closely correlated with intolerance of uncertainty ( Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas et al., 2001; Ladouceur, Gosselin, & Dugas, 2000) – may lead individuals to become increasingly certain that aversive future outcomes will occur, but wi…”
BackgroundIntolerance of uncertainty correlates with insula activation during affective ambiguity
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BackgroundDifferentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct constructs
Rosen, N. O., Ivanova, E. L., & Knaüper, B. (2013) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.815743 · Cited by 167
“The systematic review revealed only two studies that point to theoretical (Grenier et al., 2005) and empirical (Buhr & Dugas, 2006) similarities and differences between IU and IA.”
BackgroundInfluentialOrder, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation.
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Expectancy biases in fear and anxiety and their link to biases in attention
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“High fear and anxiety may correspond with a lower degree of tolerance for ambiguity or uncertainty (cf. Buhr & Dugas, 2006, Holaway, Heimberg, & Coles, 2006, and metaanalytic data in Gentes & Ruscio, 2011, for a relation between intolerance for uncertainty and worry in different anxiety disorders;…”
BackgroundEstablishing an Information Avoidance Scale.
Howell, J. L., & Shepperd, J. A. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000315 · Cited by 145
Development of the heteronormative attitudes and beliefs scale
Habarth, J. M. (2014) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.876444 · Cited by 144
“Despite its publication date, this measure remains the most widely used and well-established measure of ambiguity tolerance (see Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Furnham, 1994; Grenier, Barrette, & Ladouceur, 2005).”
MethodIannello, P., Mottini, A., Tirelli, S., Riva, S., & Antonietti, A. (2017) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2016.1270009 · Cited by 142
“correlated [25], their overlapping is only partial.”
Hwang, Y. I. (., Arnold, S., Srasuebkul, P., & Trollor, J. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319868907 · Cited by 141
“It is found to have strong associations with clinically significant anxiety disorders in the general population, including generalised anxiety and social anxiety (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Carleton, 2012; Carleton, Norton, & Asmundson, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodIntolerance of uncertainty, fear of anxiety, and adolescent worry
Dugas, M. J., Laugesen, N., & Bukowski, W. M. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9611-1 · Cited by 127
Intolerance of uncertainty as a contributor to fear and avoidance symptoms of panic attacks
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“Introduction evidence has related IU to generalized anxiety disorder (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Koerner & Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a disposi- Dugas, 2008; Dugas, Marchand, & Ladou tional characteristic resulting from negative ceur, 2005), with early research evidence beliefs about uncertainty…”
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Heightened fear of uncertainty in anorexia and bulimia nervosa
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“We did not find IU differences between youth and adult study participants, which supports previous research of the importance of IU elevations in both youth and adult samples.(19,20,25)”
Perfectionism, Rumination, Worry, and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents
Flett, G. L., Coulter, L.-M., Hewitt, P. L., & Nepon, T. B. (2011) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573511422039 · Cited by 138
“We anticipated that in keeping with limited research on trait perfectionism and worry in university students (see Blankstein & Lumley, 2008; Buhr & Dugas, 2006), it was predicted that self-reported levels of pathological worry would be linked with self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed…”
BackgroundIntolerance of uncertainty and perceived threat
Bredemeier, K., & Berenbaum, H. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.09.006 · Cited by 119
“But it might be a heart attack”: Intolerance of uncertainty and panic disorder symptoms
Carleton, R. N., Duranceau, S., Freeston, M. H., Boelen, P. A., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.006 · Cited by 118
“Substantial evidence has related IU to generalized anxiety disorder (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas, Marchand, & Ladouceur, 2005a; Koerner & Dugas, 2008); however, more recent research indicates IU may be important for the development and maintenance of all anxiety disorders (Boswell, Thompson-Hollands,…”
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Does intolerance of uncertainty predict anticipatory startle responses to uncertain threat?
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Repetitive Thought and Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance
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The role of ambiguity tolerance in career decision making
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“In non-clinical samples research has also revealed the association of ambiguity intolerance with worry, obsessions/compulsions, and panic sensations (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas, Gosselin, & Ladouceur, 2001).”
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Iannello, P., Sorgente, A., Lanz, M., & Antonietti, A. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00277-x · Cited by 115
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“IU is linked to a range of anxiety disorders including generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) (Buhr and Dugas 2006, 2009, 2012; Dugas et al.”
Mahoney, A. E. J., & McEvoy, P. M. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.622131 · Cited by 103
“P-IUwas a unique predictor of excessive worry, which concurs with previous research (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Laugesen, Dugas, & Bukowski, 2003; McEvoy &Mahoney, 2011).”
ResultRisk Perceptions and Psychological Effects During the Italian COVID-19 Emergency
Lanciano, T., Graziano, G., Curci, A., Costadura, S., & Monaco, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580053 · Cited by 119
“…the intolerance of uncertainty is associated with anxiety and mood disorders (Boelen and Reijntjes, 2009), peaked levels of worry and rumination (Buhr and Dugas, 2006), and behaviors such as information seeking or monitoring and complying with recommendations (Rosen and Knäuper, 2009; Rosen et…”
BackgroundTo fear or fly to the unknown: Tolerance for ambiguity and Big Five personality traits
Jach, H. K., & Smillie, L. D. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.02.003 · Cited by 116
Tull, M. T., Barbano, A. C., Scamaldo, K. M., Richmond, J. R., Edmonds, K. A., Rose, J. P., & Gratz, K. L. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290 · Cited by 98
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“On the other hand, the mean obtained through the current administration of the PSWQ indicated a large effect size (d = 1.06) as compared to data reported by Buhr and Dugas (2006).”
ResultInfluentialXie, Y., Kong, Y., Yang, J., & Chen, F. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.028 · Cited by 120
A preliminary investigation of impulsivity in generalized anxiety disorder
Pawluk, E. J., & Koerner, N. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.027 · Cited by 100
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“Past research has demonstrated that OOP is not associated with worry (Blankstein & Lumley, 2008; Buhr & Dugas, 2006) or other forms of perseverative or repetitive cognitive activity (Flett, Madorsky, Hewitt, & Heisel, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMaheu, C., Singh, M. D., Tock, W. L., Eyrenci, A., Galica, J., Hébert, M., Frati, F., & Estapé, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644932 · Cited by 91
Intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorders: an update on the field
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Acceptance-based behavioral therapy for GAD: effects on outcomes from three theoretical models.
Treanor, M., Erisman, S. M., Salters-Pedneault, K., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20766 · Cited by 79
“Greater perceived control may help to reduce one’s sense of uncertainty, and empirical investigations have demonstrated negative relationships between the two constructs.([25]) However, low perceived control itself may represent a unique factor in the genesis and maintenance of anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundMantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., Linnell, M., & Morris, P. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0286-2 · Cited by 84
“…of uncertainty often leads to anxiety and depression (e.g., Asmundson & Carleton, 2005; Berenbaum, Bredemeier, & Thompson, 2008; Holaway, Heimberg, & Coles, 2006; McEvoy & Mahoney, 2011), as well as cognitive avoidance and perfectionism (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Laugesen, Dugas, & Bukowski, 2003).”
BackgroundHow is the Beads Task related to intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety disorders?
Jacoby, R. J., Abramowitz, J. S., Buck, B., & Fabricant, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.005 · Cited by 86
“…and worry in both undergraduate and clinical samples, even after controlling for various demographic and clinical factors (Boelen & Carleton, 2012; Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas, Freeston, & Ladouceur, 1997; Dugas et al., 2001; Dugas et al., 2004a; Fergus & Wu, 2010; Mahoney & McEvoy, 2012; McEvoy &…”
BackgroundIntolerance of Uncertainty Predicts Anxiety Outcomes Following CBT in Youth with ASD.
Keefer, A., Kreiser, N. L., Singh, V., Blakeley-Smith, A., Duncan, A., Johnson, C., Klinger, L., Meyer, A., Reaven, J., & Vasa, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2852-z · Cited by 72
“IU is a well-established predictor of greater anxiety and worry in TD youth and adults (Buhr and Dugas 2006, 2009; Gentes and Ruscio 2011; Laugesen et al. 2003; Read et al. 2013).”
BackgroundCounsell, A., Furtado, M., Iorio, C., Anand, L., Canzonieri, A., Fine, A., Fotinos, K., Epstein, I., & Katzman, M. A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.046 · Cited by 73
Stress and worry: examining intolerance of uncertainty's moderating effect
Zlomke, K. R., & Jeter, K. M. (2014) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.835400 · Cited by 73
“Individuals who are high in IU are more likely to “find ambiguity stressful and upsetting, believe uncertainty is negative and should be avoided, and have difficulty functioning in uncertain situations” (Buhr & Dugas, 2006, p. 223).”
BackgroundGoodall, C. E., & Reed, P. R. (2013) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.689096 · Cited by 67
“Individual differences such as paranoia, worry, and anxiety (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, & Freeston, 1998; McKay, Langdon, & Coltheart, 2007) have been demonstrated to be 2Given that this issue has received a large amount of news coverage, prior exposure may have interacted with…”
BackgroundBuhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2012) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2012.5.1.1 · Cited by 65
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“[57,58] 9.”
Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Muris, P., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00342-0 · Cited by 81
Increasing intolerance of uncertainty over time: the potential influence of increasing connectivity
Carleton, R. N., Desgagné, G., Krakauer, R., & Hong, R. Y. (2019) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1476580 · Cited by 64
“…0.78 65.21 11.38 2 de Bruin et al., 2007 Study 2 2006 2004 50 0.88 67.60 7.05 2 holaway, heimberg, & Coles, 2006; 2006 2004 505 0.69 54.37 16.51 1 Buhr & Dugas, 2006; 2006 2004 197 0.77 61.25 18.98 1 Butzer & Kuiper, 2006; 2006 2004 166 0.61 58.32 – 1 abramowitz, Deacon, & valentiner, 2007; 2007…”
InfluentialThe relationships between perfectionism, pathological worry and generalised anxiety disorder
Handley, A. K., Egan, S. J., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-98 · Cited by 77
“Self-Oriented Perfectionism remained a significant predictor of worry after controlling for demographics and intolerance of uncertainty [9].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Impact of Anxiety in Children on the Autism Spectrum
Adams, D., & Emerson, L. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04673-3 · Cited by 62
Saw, A., Berenbaum, H., & Okazaki, S. (2012) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2012.668536 · Cited by 61
Mental Wellbeing of Family Members of Autistic Adults
Herrema, R., Garland, D., Osborne, M., Freeston, M. H., Honey, E. J., & Rodgers, J. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3269-z · Cited by 60
“This supports evidence from previous research (Buhr and Dugas 2012, 2006, 2009; Dugas et al.”
ResultThe Developmental Psychopathology of Worry
Kertz, S. J., & Woodruff‐Borden, J. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0086-3 · Cited by 60
“Intolerance of uncertainty is defined as a negative response, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions, to situations or events interpreted as ambiguous (Buhr and Dugas 2006).”
BackgroundDugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003 · Cited by 58
Self-citationAkbari, M., Spada, M. M., Nikčević, A. V., & Zamani, E. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2628 · Cited by 63
The role of intolerance of uncertainty in terms of alcohol use motives among college students
Kraemer, K. M., McLeish, A. C., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.033 · Cited by 58
Fracalanza, K., Koerner, N., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.888754 · Cited by 61
“Numerous studies have demonstrated that SOP and SPP have a moderate positive association with both worry (Buhr & Dugas, 2006; Short & Mazmanian, 2013; Stoeber, Feast, & Hayward, 2009) and anger (Blankstein & Lumley, 2008; Saboonchi & Lundh, 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWu, D., Yang, T., Hall, D. L., Jiao, G., Huang, L., & Jiao, C. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03310-2 · Cited by 57
MacLennan, K., Rossow, T., & Tavassoli, T. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211016110 · Cited by 63
Logan, S., Steel, Z., & Hunt, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022114555762 · Cited by 61
“This measure has shown excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .94) and good test–retest reliability (r = .74) within a previous sample (Buhr & Dugas, 2006).”
BackgroundBottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Carraro, E., Barclay, N., Payne, R., & Freeston, M. H. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01723 · Cited by 54
“Despite the role of all components in worry and GAD has been considerably demonstrated (e.g., Freeston et al., 1994; Borkovec and Roemer, 1995; Dugas et al., 1997, 2005; Ladouceur et al., 1998, 1999; Robichaud et al., 2003; Buhr and Dugas, 2006; Koerner and Dugas, 2008), only a few studies were conducted to shed light…”
BackgroundIntolerance of Uncertainty as a Mediator of the Relationship between Mindfulness and Health Anxiety
Kraemer, K. M., O’Bryan, E. M., & McLeish, A. C. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0524-x · Cited by 51
“…may improve regulatory behaviors, reducing the need to engage in worry or safety seeking behaviors that serve to maintain and exacerbate health anxiety (Buhr and Dugas 2006; Deacon and Abramowitz 2008; Fergus and Bardeen 2013; Fetzner et al. 2014; Ladouceur et al. 2000; Taylor and Asmundson 2004).”
BackgroundInvestigating the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on catastrophic worrying and mood
Meeten, F., Dash, S. R., Scarlet, A. L. S., & Davey, G. C. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.003 · Cited by 53
Kusec, A., Tallon, K., & Koerner, N. (2016) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1171391 · Cited by 56
“The IUS total scale has excellent internal consistency, good test–retest reliability over 5 weeks, as well as evidence of construct validity (Buhr & Dugas, 2002, 2006).”
BackgroundRodgers, J., Herrema, R., Honey, E., & Freeston, M. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3550-9 · Cited by 51
“IU has been linked to the development and maintenance of worry and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (Buhr and Dugas 2006, 2009, 2012; Dugas et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of mask-wearing on social anxiety: an exploratory review
Saint, S. A., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2021) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1929936 · Cited by 54
“In a related vein, intolerance of uncertainty – a disposition toward reacting negatively to uncertain outcomes (Buhr & Dugas, 2006) – is heightened in anxiety disorders as well as other clinical populations (Gentes & Ruscio, 2011).”
BackgroundMood-as-input hypothesis and perseverative psychopathologies
Meeten, F., & Davey, G. C. L. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.002 · Cited by 52
Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals
Strack, J., & Esteves, F. (2015) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.931942 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, fear and nonacceptance of emotions tend to be associated with appraising events and situations with some degree of uncertainty as threatening (Buhr & Dugas, 2006).”
BackgroundStapinski, L. A., Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.012 · Cited by 54
Psychological distress in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case-control study
Rad, H. A., Basirat, Z., Faramarzi, M., Mostafazadeh, A., & Bijani, A. (2019) · Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology · doi:10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.88899 · Cited by 55
“This scale classifies the nature of worry experienced by healthy into the following four categories: bearing down on ambiguous situations, positive beliefs about worry, cognitive avoidance, and negative problem orientation(31).”
BackgroundEffects of emotion on prospection during decision-making
Worthy, D. A., Byrne, K. A., & Fields, S. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00591 · Cited by 54
“While anxiety has been associated with risk avoidant behavior, worry has been associated with an increased intolerance of uncertainty (Ladoucer et al., 1997; Dugas et al., 1998; Buhr and Dugas, 2006).”
BackgroundAn investigation of the role of intolerance of uncertainty in hoarding symptoms
Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Jacoby, R. J., Zwerling, J., & Rodríguez, C. I. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.047 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, our HD patients endorsed levels of IU on par with OCD and GAD patients, conditions frequently connected to IU in the literature (Buhr and Dugas, 2006; Holaway et al., 2006; McEvoyand Mahoney, 2012; Tolin et al., 2003).”
BackgroundWORRY, INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY, AND STATISTICS ANXIETY
Williams, A. S. (2013) · Statistics Education Research Journal · doi:10.52041/serj.v12i1.321 · Cited by 49
Jacoby, R. J., Abramowitz, J. S., Reuman, L., & Blakey, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.003 · Cited by 47
Pawluk, E. J., & Koerner, N. (2016) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1134786 · Cited by 52
“The IUS has excellent internal consistency (α = .94), and has demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity (Buhr & Dugas, 2002, 2006).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Concordia University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Dugas, Michel J.
- ORCID
- Dugas, Michel J.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 222-236
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978488323
- Semantic Scholar
- 1284dc569568791a0bb63d5c8f0f64bf36c254ff
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, worry, construct validity, intolerance of ambiguity, perfectionism, perceived control, university students, anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Culture, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Statistics as Topic, Students, Reproducibility of Results, Uncertainty
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