The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diversity, classification and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems
Open accessAbstract
The bacterial and archaeal CRISPR-Cas systems of adaptive immunity show remarkable diversity of protein composition, effector complex structure, genome locus architecture and mechanisms of adaptation, pre-CRISPR (cr)RNA processing and interference. The CRISPR-Cas systems belong to two classes, with multi-subunit effector complexes in Class 1 and single-protein effector modules in Class 2. Concerted genomic and experimental efforts on comprehensive characterization of Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems led to the identification of two new types and several subtypes. The newly characterized type VI systems are the first among the CRISPR-Cas variants to exclusively target RNA. Unexpectedly, in some of the class 2 systems, the effector protein is additionally responsible for the pre-crRNA processing. Comparative analysis of the effector complexes indicates that Class 2 systems evolved from mobile genetic elements on multiple, independent occasions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The main difference between the classes is that the effector module of Class 1 systems is represented by a complex of several proteins, while in Class 2 it is a single multidomain protein (Cas9, Cas12, or Cas13) [26-28].”
From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, organisms possessing CRISPR-Cas systems can identify and degrade foreign DNA.”
From Characterization of Limnospira platensis PCC 9108 R-M and CRISPR-Cas systems (2024) · cites this paper as Koonin et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“CRISPR-Cas (that stand for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) is an adaptive immunity system that confers immune memory stored in the form of spacer sequences derived from foreign DNA inserted into the leaderrepeat junction (Garrett et al., 2011; Koonin et al., 2017).”
From Characterization of Limnospira platensis PCC 9108 R-M and CRISPR-Cas systems (2024) · cites this paper as Koonin et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity
Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225829 · Cited by 17,116
Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System
Zetsche, B., Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Slaymaker, I. M., Makarova, K. S., Essletzbichler, P., Volz, S. E., Joung, J., van der Oost, J., Regev, A., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 · Cited by 4,761
Self-citationGasiunas, G., Barrangou, R., Horvath, P., & Siksnys, V. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208507109 · Cited by 2,769
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Costa, F., Shah, S. A., Saunders, S. J., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Haft, D. H., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3569 · Cited by 2,480
Self-citationC2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector
Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Konermann, S., Joung, J., Slaymaker, I. M., Cox, D. B. T., Shmakov, S., Makarova, K. S., Semenova, E., Minakhin, L., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5573 · Cited by 2,336
Self-citationEvolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Haft, D. H., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Horvath, P., Moineau, S., Mojica, F. J. M., Wolf, Y. I., Yakunin, A. F., et al. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2577 · Cited by 2,331
Self-citationCrystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA
Nishimasu, H., Ran, F. A., Hsu, P. D., Konermann, S., Shehata, S. I., Dohmae, N., Ishitani, R., Zhang, F., & Nureki, O. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.001 · Cited by 2,306
Self-citationTwo distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection
East-Seletsky, A., O’Connell, M. R., Knight, S. C., Burstein, D., Cate, J. H. D., Tjian, R., & Doudna, J. A. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19802 · Cited by 1,236
Structures of Cas9 endonucleases reveal RNA-mediated conformational activation
Jinek, M., Jiang, F., Taylor, D. W., Sternberg, S. H., Kaya, E., Ma, E., Anders, C., Hauer, M., Zhou, K., Lin, S., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1247997 · Cited by 1,230
Discovery and Functional Characterization of Diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas Systems
Shmakov, S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Gootenberg, J. S., Semenova, E., Minakhin, L., Joung, J., Konermann, S., Severinov, K., et al. (2015) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.008 · Cited by 1,209
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 999
Shooting the messenger: RNA-targetting CRISPR-Cas systems
Zhu, Y., Klompe, S. E., Vlot, M., John van der, O. O. S. T., & Staals, R. H. J. (2018) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20170788 · Cited by 30
Nucleic acid cleavage with a hyperthermophilic Cas9 from an uncultured Ignavibacterium
Schmidt, S., Yu, F. B., Blainey, P. C., May, A. P., & Quake, S. R. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1904273116 · Cited by 29
CRISPR/Cas-mediated germplasm improvement and new strategies for crop protection
Dong, G., & Fan, Z. (2024) · Crop Health · doi:10.1007/s44297-023-00020-x · Cited by 30
The evolution and history of gene editing technologies
Randhawa, S., & Sengar, S. (2021) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.002 · Cited by 31
Phage Therapy for Mycobacterium Abscessus and Strategies to Improve Outcomes
Shahraki, A. H., & Mirsaeidi, M. S. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030596 · Cited by 28
Applications of the CRISPR-Cas system for infectious disease diagnostics
Li, P., Wang, L., Yang, J., Di, L., & Li, J. (2021) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1922080 · Cited by 29
CRISPR/Cas9—A Promising Therapeutic Tool to Cure Blindness: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Ahmad, I. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911482 · Cited by 30
How bacteria control the CRISPR-Cas arsenal
León, L. M., Mendoza, S. D., & Bondy‐Denomy, J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.005 · Cited by 29
Lactococcus lactis type III-A CRISPR-Cas system cleaves bacteriophage RNA
Millen, A. M., Samson, J. E., Tremblay, D. M., Magadán, A. H., Rousseau, G. M., Moineau, S., & Romero, D. A. (2018) · RNA Biology · doi:10.1080/15476286.2018.1502589 · Cited by 28
CRISPR-Cas9 based molecular breeding in crop plants: a review
Ikram, M., Rauf, A. W., Rao, M. J., Maqsood, M. F. K., Bakhsh, M. Z. M., Ullah, M., Batool, M., Mehran, M., & Tahira, M. (2024) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-023-09086-w · Cited by 29
Engineered bacteriophages: A panacea against pathogenic and drug resistant bacteria
Kakkar, A., Kandwal, G., Nayak, T., Jaiswal, L. K., Srivastava, A., & Gupta, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34333 · Cited by 27
Peeling back the layers of immunogenicity in Cas9-based genomic medicine
Stigzelius, V., Cavallo, A. L., Chandode, R. K., & Nitsch, R. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.06.045 · Cited by 30
CRISPR-based therapeutic genome editing for inherited blood disorders
Levesque, S., & Bauer, D. E. (2025) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-025-01236-y · Cited by 31
Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race
Ibrahim, R., & Aranjani, J. M. (2026) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-026-04785-x · Cited by 29
Mogila, I., Kazlauskiene, M., Valinskyte, S., Tamulaitienė, G., Tamulaitis, G., & Šikšnys, V. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.029 · Cited by 27
In Silico Processing of the Complete CRISPR‐Cas Spacer Space for Identification of PAM Sequences
Mendoza, B. J., & Trinh, C. T. (2018) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.201700595 · Cited by 24
Strategies for Developing CRISPR‐Based Gene Editing Methods in Bacteria
Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Wang, Y., & Ji, Q. (2019) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.201900560 · Cited by 26
Manav, M. C., van Eck, L., Lin, J., Fuglsang, A., Peng, X., & Brodersen, D. E. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19847-x · Cited by 27
CRISPR-Cas technology a new era in genomic engineering
Parsaeimehr, A., Ebirim, R. I., & Ozbay, G. (2022) · Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00731 · Cited by 27
AcrNET: predicting anti-CRISPR with deep learning
Li, Y., Wei, Y., Xu, S. Y., Tan, Q., Zong, L., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Hong, L., & Li, Y. (2023) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad259 · Cited by 28
The CRISPR conundrum: evolve and maybe die, or survive and risk stagnation
García‐Martínez, J., Maldonado, R. D., Guzman, N. M., & Mojica, F. J. M. (2018) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2018.06.634 · Cited by 28
Porphyromonas gingivalis and its CRISPR-Cas system
Chen, T., & Olsen, I. (2019) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2019.1638196 · Cited by 27
New Therapeutics for Extracellular Vesicles: Delivering CRISPR for Cancer Treatment
Yan, B., & Liang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415758 · Cited by 28
The CRISPR-Cas system in molecular diagnostics
Song, R., Chen, Z., Xiao, H., & Wang, H. (2024) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2024.119820 · Cited by 27
Koonin, E. V., & Makarova, K. S. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav2440 · Cited by 26
Self-citationWandera, K. G., Collins, S. P., Wimmer, F., Marshall, R., Noireaux, V., & Beisel, C. L. (2019) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.05.014 · Cited by 25
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Understanding Avian Viruses and Developing Poultry Vaccines
Vilela, J. A., Rohaim, M. A., & Munir, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.581504 · Cited by 29
Next-Generation Sequencing and the CRISPR-Cas Nexus: A Molecular Plant Virology Perspective
Shahid, M. S., Sattar, M. N., Iqbal, Z., Raza, A., & Al-Sadi, A. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.609376 · Cited by 27
Rahman, K., Jamal, M., Chen, X., Zhou, W., Yang, B., Zou, Y., Xu, W., Lei, Y., Wu, C., Cao, X., et al. (2021) · Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.1016/j.gpb.2021.01.008 · Cited by 26
CRISPR/Cas System: Applications and Prospects for Maize Improvement
Jiang, Y., Sun, K., & An, X. (2022) · ACS Agricultural Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsagscitech.1c00253 · Cited by 27
Farzanehpour, M., Miri, A., Alvanegh, A. G., & Gouvarchinghaleh, H. E. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115555 · Cited by 27
Shetty, V. P., Akshay, S. D., Rai, P., & Deekshit, V. K. (2023) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1093/jambio/lxad137 · Cited by 26
Insertion sequence transposition inactivates CRISPR-Cas immunity
Sheng, Y., Wang, H., Ou, Y., Wu, Y., Ding, W. Y., Tao, M., Lin, S., Deng, Z., Bai, L., & Kang, Q. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39964-7 · Cited by 25
Revolutionizing Tomato Cultivation: CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Biotic Stress Resistance
Shawky, A., Hatawsh, A., Al-Saadi, N. H., Farzan, R. A., Eltawy, N., Francis, M., Abousamra, S., Ismail, Y. Y., Attia, K. A., Fakhouri, A. S., et al. (2024) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13162269 · Cited by 26
CRISPR-Cas13a as a next-generation tool for rapid and precise plant RNA virus diagnostics
Karimi, M., Ghorbani, A., Niazi, A., Rostami, M., & Tahmasebi, A. (2025) · Plant Methods · doi:10.1186/s13007-025-01401-9 · Cited by 28
Recent advances in structural studies of the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing tools
Zhu, Y., & Huang, Z. (2018) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy150 · Cited by 26
Grainy, J., Garrett, S. C., Graveley, B. R., & Terns, M. P. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz548 · Cited by 25
CRISPR for Neuromuscular Disorders: Gene Editing and Beyond
Young, C. S., Pyle, A. D., & Spencer, M. J. (2019) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00012.2019 · Cited by 25
Cruz-López, E. A., Rivera, G., Cruz-Hernández, M. A., Martínez-Vázquez, A. V., Castro‐Escarpulli, G., Flores-Magallón, R., Vázquez, K., Cruz-Pulido, W. L., & Bocanegra‐García, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.656996 · Cited by 25
CRISPR-Cas9 and beyond: what’s next in plant genome engineering
Zess, E. K., & Begemann, M. B. (2021) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1007/s11627-021-10185-1 · Cited by 25
CRISPR-Cas9 Toolkit for Genome Editing in an Autotrophic CO 2 -Fixing Methanogenic Archaeon
Li, J., Zhang, L., Xu, Q., Zhang, W., Li, Z., Chen, L., & Dong, X. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01165-22 · Cited by 25
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Horticultural Crops Improvement: Advantages and Prospects
Борисовна, Р. Е., Захарченко, Н. С., Lebedev, V. G., & Shestibratov, K. A. (2022) · Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae9010038 · Cited by 25
Johnston, C. D., Skeete, C. A., Fomenkov, A. I., Roberts, R. J., & Rittling, S. R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185234 · Cited by 25
Defining the seed sequence of the Cas12b CRISPR-Cas effector complex
Jain, I., Станиславович, М. Л., Mekler, V. M., Sitnik, V. V., Rubanova, N., Severinov, K., & Semenova, E. (2018) · RNA Biology · doi:10.1080/15476286.2018.1495492 · Cited by 25
Mohr, G., Silas, S., Stamos, J. L., Makarova, K. S., Markham, L. M., Yao, J., Elío, P. L., Sánchez-Amat, A., Fire, A. Z., Koonin, E. V., et al. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.013 · Cited by 25
Self-citationA Functional Mini-Integrase in a Two-Protein Type V-C CRISPR System
Wright, A. V., Wang, J. Y., Burstein, D. E., Harrington, L. B., Páez-Espino, D., Kyrpides, N. C., Iavarone, A. T., Banfield, J. F., & Doudna, J. A. (2019) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.12.015 · Cited by 25
Xiao, G., Yi, Y., Che, R., Zhang, Q., Imran, M., Khan, A., Yan, J., & Lin, X. (2019) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.12935 · Cited by 25
Baker, P. L., Orf, G. S., Kevershan, K., Pyne, M. E., Bicer, T., & Redding, K. (2019) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01644-19 · Cited by 25
Sharma, K. K., Palakolanu, S. R., Bhattacharya, J., Shankhapal, A. R., & Bhatnagar-Mathur, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.999207 · Cited by 24
CRISPR-Cas13a-based detection method for avian influenza virus
Wu, Y., Zhan, J., Zhao-meng, S. H. A. N., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Wen, X., & Wang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1288951 · Cited by 24
CRISPR-Cas System: A New Dawn to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Rafiq, M. S., Shabbir, M. A. B., Raza, A., Irshad, S., Asghar, A., Maan, M. K., Gondal, M. A., & Hao, H. (2024) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-024-00656-3 · Cited by 24
Unity among the diverse RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas interference mechanisms
Ganguly, C., Rostami, S., Long, K., Aribam, S. D., & Rajan, R. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107295 · Cited by 24
Repurposing Type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 for a robust diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)
Hu, T., Ji, Q., Ke, X., Zhou, H., Zhang, S., Ma, S., Yu, C., Ju, W., Lu, M., Lin, Y., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06537-3 · Cited by 24
CRISPR/Cas technologies for cancer drug discovery and treatment
Wang, K. C., Zheng, T., & Hubbard, B. P. (2025) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2025.02.009 · Cited by 26
The multiplexed CRISPR targeting platforms
Cao, J. P., Xiao, Q., & Yan, Q. (2018) · Drug Discovery Today Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.01.001 · Cited by 27
Tian, Y., Liu, R., Xian, W.-D., Xiong, M., Xiao, M., & Li, W. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.079 · Cited by 25
The Basis for Natural Multiresistance to Phage in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pourcel, C., Midoux, C., Vergnaud, G., & Latino, L. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9060339 · Cited by 24
Potential of CRISPR/Cas system in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection
Hillary, V. E., Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, S. J., & Ceasar, S. A. (2021) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1970535 · Cited by 26
Genome Editing Strategies to Protect Livestock from Viral Infections
Söllner, J.-H., Mettenleiter, T. C., & Petersen, B. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13101996 · Cited by 24
Advanced CRISPR-Cas Effector Enzyme-Based Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Including COVID-19
Kwon, S., & Shin, H. Y. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11121356 · Cited by 25
Zhou, F., Yu, X., Gan, R., Ren, K., Chen, C., Ren, C., Cui, M., Liu, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, S., et al. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad425 · Cited by 25
Self-citationNatural and Engineered Guide RNA–Directed Transposition with CRISPR-Associated Tn7-Like Transposons
Hsieh, S.-C., & Peters, J. E. (2024) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-030122-041908 · Cited by 25
He, Y., Wang, M., Liu, M., Huang, L. F., Liu, C., Zhang, X., Yi, H., Cheng, A., Zhu, D., Yang, Q., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00195 · Cited by 24
Bacterial Resistance to Phage and Its Impact on Clinical Therapy
McCallin, S. E., & Oechslin, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26736-0_3 · Cited by 24
Silveira, M. C., Rocha-de-Souza, C. M., Albano, R. M., Santos, I. C. D. O., & Carvalho-Assef, A. P. D. (2020) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-6650-9 · Cited by 24
CRISPR/Cas systems combined with DNA nanostructures for biomedical applications
Sun, S., Yang, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, S., Xu, J., & Shi, P. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d4cc00290c · Cited by 23
Recent Advances in the CRISPR/Cas-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensor for Food Analysis: A Review
Sun, Y., Wen, T., Zhang, P., Wang, M., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13203222 · Cited by 23
Saeed, K., Ayub, F., Durrani, M. A., & Mujahid, M. (2025) · The Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.microb.2025.100344 · Cited by 26
Split technology in sensors based on CRISPR/Cas12a system
Ding, X., Lei, X., & Yu, S. (2025) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108629 · Cited by 24
CRISPR/Cas System: An Introduction
Munawar, N., & Ahmad, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7142-8_1 · Cited by 26
CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in oil crops
He, J., Zhang, K., Tang, M., Zhou, W., Chen, L., Chen, Z., & Li, M. (2021) · Oil Crop Science · doi:10.1016/j.ocsci.2021.07.002 · Cited by 24
Tips, Tricks, and Potential Pitfalls of CRISPR Genome Editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Antony, J. S., Hinz, J. M., & Wyrick, J. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.924914 · Cited by 24
Patil, S., Kaipa, B. R., Ranshing, S., Sundaresan, Y., Millar, J. C., Nagarajan, B., Kiehlbauch, C. C., Zhang, Q., Jain, A., Searby, C. C., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57286-6 · Cited by 23
Molecular basis of Gabija anti-phage supramolecular assemblies
Yang, X.-Y., Shen, Z., Xie, J., Greenwald, J., Marathe, I., Lin, Q., Xie, W. J., Wysocki, V. H., & Fu, T.-M. (2024) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-024-01283-w · Cited by 23
Application of the CRISPR/Cas System for Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Plants
Makarova, S. S., Хромов, А. В., Spechenkova, N. A., Taliansky, M. E., & Kalinina, N. O. (2018) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297918120131 · Cited by 23
CRISPR-sub: Analysis of DNA substitution mutations caused by CRISPR-Cas9 in human cells
Hwang, G., Yu, J., Yang, S., Son, W. J., Lim, K., Kim, H. S., Kim, J., & Bae, S. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.026 · Cited by 23
Keeping Up with RNA-Based Regulation in Bacteria: New Roles for RNA Binding Proteins
Lim, E. N. K., Sasseville, C., Carrier, M., & Massé, É. (2020) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.014 · Cited by 23
Sagharyan, M., Mohammadbagherlou, S., Samari, E., Zargar, M., Ghorbani, A., & Chen, M. (2025) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121060 · Cited by 22
Diversity and microevolution of CRISPR loci in Helicobacter cinaedi
Tomida, J., Morita, Y., Shibayama, K., Kikuchi, K., Sawa, T., Akaike, T., & Kawamura, Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186241 · Cited by 22
Nimkar, S., & Anand, B. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1218 · Cited by 22
Ray, A., & Felice, R. D. (2020) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07722 · Cited by 22
Application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for congenital heart disease
Seok, H., Deng, R., Cowan, D. B., & Wang, D. (2021) · Korean Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.3345/cep.2020.02096 · Cited by 23
Points of View on the Tools for Genome/Gene Editing
Chuang, C.-K., & Lin, W. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22189872 · Cited by 26
Cheng, F., Wang, R., Yu, H., Liu, C., Yang, J., Xiang, H., & Li, M. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab821 · Cited by 19
Zhao, Z., Shang, P., Sage, F., & Geijsen, N. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac118 · Cited by 22
Structure and mechanism of the RNA dependent RNase Cas13a from Rhodobacter capsulatus
Kick, L. M., von Wrisberg, M., Runtsch, L. S., & Schneider, S. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03025-4 · Cited by 23
Zhou, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Hu, X., & Wang, W. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.155 · Cited by 23
Lyu, P., & Lu, B. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158750 · Cited by 23
A comprehensive overview of CRISPR/Cas 9 technology and application thereof in drug discovery
Khurana, A., Sayed, N., Singh, V., Khurana, I., Allawadhi, P., Rawat, P. S., Navik, U., Pasumarthi, S. K., Bharani, K. K., & Weiskirchen, R. (2022) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30329 · Cited by 22
New Insights Into Functions and Possible Applications of Clostridium difficile CRISPR-Cas System
Maikova, A. S., Severinov, K., & Soutourina, O. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01740 · Cited by 21
Predicting and visualizing features of CRISPR–Cas systems
Nethery, M. A., & Barrangou, R. (2018) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.016 · Cited by 22
AcrIF5 specifically targets DNA-bound CRISPR-Cas surveillance complex for inhibition
Xie, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, Z., Yin, P., Wang, H., Li, H., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, M., & Feng, Y. (2022) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-022-00995-8 · Cited by 22
Wei, J., Lu, N., Li, Z., Wu, X., Jiang, T., Xu, L., Chun, Y., & Guo, S. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/7861695 · Cited by 22
Evolutionary Classification of CRISPR‐Cas Systems
Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., & Koonin, E. V. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781683673798.ch2 · Cited by 25
Self-citationYazdi, Z. F., Roshannezhad, S., Sharif, S., & Abbaszadegan, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05908-y · Cited by 22
Discovery of CRISPR-Cas12a clades using a large language model
Feng, Y., Shi, J., Li, Z., Li, Y., Yang, J., Huang, S., Zheng, J., Han, W., Qiao, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63160-4 · Cited by 21
StpA represses CRISPR-Cas immunity in H-NS deficient Escherichia coli
Mitić, D., Radovčić, M., Markulin, D., & Ivančić-Baće, I. (2020) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.020 · Cited by 19
Review, analysis, and optimization of the CRISPR Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 system
Wang, G., & Li, J. (2021) · Medicine in Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100080 · Cited by 22
Structural basis for anti-CRISPR repression mediated by bacterial operon proteins Aca1 and Aca2
Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Guo, M., Chen, L., Wu, B., & Huang, H. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101357 · Cited by 19
Schröpfer, S., Lempe, J., Emeriewen, O. F., & Flachowsky, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.928292 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Koonin, E. V., Makarova, K. S., & Zhang, F.
- Affiliations
- United States National Library of Medicine (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koonin, Eugene V
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 37
- Pages
- 67-78
- ISSN
- 1369-5274 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5776717
- OpenAlex
- W2623277795
- Cited by
- 1,423
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 157 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 184 · 2021: 191 · 2020: 178 · 2019: 206 · 2018: 127 · 2017: 33
- FWCI
- 13.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. National Library of Medicine (Z01LM000073)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Keywords
- CRISPR-Cas, adaptive immunity, mobile genetic elements, CRISPR adaptation, comparative genomics
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, Bacteria, Genetic Variation, Evolution, Molecular, CRISPR-Cas Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review