Pathway-Specific Feedforward Circuits between Thalamus and Neocortex Revealed by Selective Optical Stimulation of Axons
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Thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways mediate bidirectional communication between the thalamus and neocortex. These pathways are entwined, making their study challenging. Here we used lentiviruses to express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-sensitive cation channel, in either thalamocortical or corticothalamic projection cells. Infection occurred only locally, but efferent axons and their terminals expressed ChR2 strongly, allowing selective optical activation of each pathway. Laser stimulation of ChR2-expressing thalamocortical axons/terminals evoked robust synaptic responses in cortical excitatory cells and fast-spiking (FS) inhibitory interneurons, but only weak responses in somatostatin-containing interneurons. Strong FS cell activation led to feedforward inhibition in all cortical neuron types, including FS cells. Corticothalamic stimulation excited thalamic relay cells and inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). TRN activation triggered inhibition in relay cells but not in TRN neurons. Thus, a major difference between thalamocortical and corticothalamic processing was the extent to which feedforward inhibitory neurons were themselves engaged by feedforward inhibition.
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PV+ FS interneurons receive strong thalamic inputs while SOM+ non-FS interneurons receive weaker thalamic inputs.
“For example, PV+ FS interneurons receive strong thalamic inputs16–20 while SOM+ non-FS interneurons receive weaker thalamic inputs21,22.”
From Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas (2019) · cites this paper as [21]
In V1, L4 MCs receive weak inputs from the thalamus compared to other interneuron types.
“previous studies have shown that in V1, L4 MCs also receive weak inputs from the thalamus compared to other interneuron types21,22.”
From Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas (2019) · cites this paper as [21]
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Self-citationFurman, M., Xu, H.-P., & Crair, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01066.2012 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cruikshank, S. J., Urabe, H., Nurmikko, A. V., & Connors, B. W.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cruikshank, Scott J.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 230-245
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2826223
- OpenAlex
- W2010975466
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 15.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1293 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0725740)
- Brown Institute for Brain Science
- National Institutes of Health (NS05043, NS25983)
- U.S. Department of Energy (ER46387)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R01EB007401-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- thalamocortical circuits, corticothalamic pathway, feedforward inhibition, thalamus, neocortex, channelrhodopsin-2, fast-spiking interneurons, somatostatin interneurons, thalamic relay cells, thalamic reticular nucleus, synaptic responses
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Lasers, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Thalamus, Signal Transduction, Neocortex, Mice, Optical Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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