Lhx6 directly regulates Arx and CXCR7 to determine cortical interneuron fate and laminar position
Open accessAbstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons have essential roles for information processing and their dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Transcriptional codes are elucidating mechanisms of interneuron specification in the MGE (a subcortical progenitor zone), which regulate their migration, integration, and function within cortical circuitry. Lhx6, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, is essential for specification of MGE-derived somatostatin and parvalbumin interneurons. Here, we demonstrate that some Lhx6⁻/⁻ MGE cells acquire a CGE-like fate. Using an in vivo MGE complementation/transplantation assay, we show that Lhx6-regulated genes Arx and CXCR7 rescue divergent aspects of Lhx6⁻/⁻ cell-fate and laminar mutant phenotypes and provide insight into a neonatal role for CXCR7 in MGE-derived interneuron lamination. Finally, Lhx6 directly binds in vivo to an Arx enhancer and to an intronic CXCR7 enhancer that remains active in mature interneurons. These data define the molecular identity of Lhx6 mutants and introduce technologies to test mechanisms in GABAergic interneuron differentiation.
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Loss of ARX severely impairs interneuron development because Arx is a repressor that orchestrates interneuron differentiation.
“Loss of ARX severely impairs interneuron development (Vogt et al., 2014), as Arx is a repressor that functions to orchestrate interneuron differentiation.”
From Unifying Views of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Consideration of Autoregulatory Feedback Loops (2016) · cites this paper as Vogt et al., 2014
A transcription cascade involving Nkx2.1 and Lhx6 drives the MGE clade but not the CGE clade of interneurons.
“In particular, a transcription cascade involving Nkx2.1 and Lhx6 drives the MGE clade but not the CGE clade of interneurons31,34,35.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
Embryonic MGE-derived interneurons lacking Cxcr7 transplanted into the cortex at PN1 fail to migrate to layer 5 and instead accumulate in the superficial layers in adult animals.
“when embryonic MGE-derived interneurons lacking Cxcr7 are transplanted into the cortex at PN1, they fail to migrate to layer 5 and instead accumulate in the superficial layers in adult animals”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [1176]
In postnatal cortex, Cxcl12 and Cxcr7 expression are maintained preferentially in layer 5.
“In the postnatal cortex, Cxcl12 and Cxcr7 expression are maintained preferentially in layer 5”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [1176]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Vogt, D., Hunt, R. F., Mandal, S., Sandberg, M., Silberberg, S. N., Nagasawa, T., Yang, Z., Baraban, S. C., & Rubenstein, J. L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Vogt, Daniel
- Rubenstein, John L.R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 350-364
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4261952
- OpenAlex
- W1985673159
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Weston Havens Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH049428, MH081880, R37MH049428, R01MH081880)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K99NS085046, F32NS077747, R01NS071785)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Keywords
- Lhx6, ARX, CXCR7, cortical lamination, GABAergic interneurons, somatostatin interneurons, parvalbumin interneurons, LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, enhancer binding
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Age Factors, Animals, Cell Movement, Cerebral Cortex, Embryo, Mammalian, Humans, Interneurons, Luminescent Proteins, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Stem Cells, Transcription Factors, Homeodomain Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Stem Cell Transplantation, Mice, Chemokine CXCL1, Receptors, CXCR, HEK293 Cells, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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