Lhx6 delineates a pathway mediating innate reproductive behaviors from the amygdala to the hypothalamus
Open accessAbstract
In mammals, innate reproductive and defensive behaviors are mediated by anatomically segregated connections between the amygdala and hypothalamus. This anatomic segregation poses the problem of how the brain integrates activity in these circuits when faced with conflicting stimuli eliciting such mutually exclusive behaviors. Using genetically encoded and conventional axonal tracers, we have found that the transcription factor Lhx6 delineates the reproductive branch of this pathway. Other Lhx proteins mark neurons in amygdalar nuclei implicated in defense. We have traced parallel projections from the posterior medial amygdala, activated by reproductive or defensive olfactory stimuli, respectively, to a point of convergence in the ventromedial hypothalamus. The opposite neurotransmitter phenotypes of these convergent projections suggest a "gate control" mechanism for the inhibition of reproductive behaviors by threatening stimuli. Our data therefore identify a potential neural substrate for integrating the influences of conflicting behavioral cues and a transcription factor family that may contribute to the development of this substrate.
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The medial amygdala posterodorsal (MeApd) is primarily involved in conspecific social behaviors such as mating and aggression.
“The MeA has been subdivided into distinct functional regions along the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes, with the medial amygdala posterodorsal (MeApd) primarily involved in conspecific social behaviors such as mating and aggression (Choi et al., 2005; Hong et al., 2014).”
From Neuronal Representation of Social Information in the Medial Amygdala of Awake Behaving Mice (2017) · cites this paper as Choi et al., 2005
Fos induction following social interactions showed widely dispersed response patterns.
“Electrical recordings in the MeApd of anesthetized mice have revealed sex-dependent differences in the neural responses to social cues (Bergan et al., 2014), while Fos induction following social interactions showed widely dispersed response patterns (Carvalho et al., 2015; Choi et al., 2005).”
From Neuronal Representation of Social Information in the Medial Amygdala of Awake Behaving Mice (2017) · cites this paper as Choi et al., 2005
The MeApd comprises GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons at an approximate ratio of 2:1, with GABAergic neurons representing the major population of projection neurons driving social responses.
“The MeApd comprises GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons at an approximate ratio of 2:1, with GABAergic neurons representing the major population of projection neurons driving social responses (Choi et al., 2005; Hong et al., 2014; Keshavarzi et al., 2014).”
From Neuronal Representation of Social Information in the Medial Amygdala of Awake Behaving Mice (2017) · cites this paper as Choi et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Choi, G. B., Dong, H.-W., Murphy, A. J., Valenzuela, D. M., Yancopoulos, G. D., Swanson, L. W., & Anderson, D. J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Regeneron (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, David J.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 647-660
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080056868
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 34.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2999 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R21MH62825)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- Lhx6, amygdala, hypothalamus, defensive behavior, ventromedial hypothalamus, olfactory stimuli, behavioral conflict, gate control, neural circuit integration, axon tracing
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Amygdala, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cholera Toxin, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Isoenzymes, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neural Pathways, Odorants, Proteins, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Stilbamidines, Stimulation, Chemical, Transcription Factors, Urine, Neural Networks, Computer, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, In Situ Hybridization, Homeodomain Proteins, Membrane Transport Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2, Mice, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
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