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The neurobiology of long COVID
Open accessAbstract
Persistent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms affect a substantial fraction of people after COVID-19 and represent a major component of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, also known as long COVID. Here, we review what is understood about the pathobiology of post-acute COVID-19 impact on the CNS and discuss possible neurobiological underpinnings of the cognitive symptoms affecting COVID-19 survivors. We propose the chief mechanisms that may contribute to this emerging neurological health crisis.
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“Acute and long COVID encompass a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms termed ‘brain fog’, as seen by cognitive impairment phenotypes like slower information processing speed and worse executive function [5], reflecting AD-like cognitive dysfunction.”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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“The similarities and differences evident between influenza—a disease also associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric sequalae (Honigsbaum 2013; Hosseini et al., 2018; Jurgens et al., 2012; Menninger, 1919)—and SARS-CoV-2 infections underscore the principle that the immune response to a…”
COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
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Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
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Long COVID science, research and policy
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Metadata
- Authors
- Monje, M., & Iwasaki, A.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Monje, Michelle
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 3484-3496
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9537254
- OpenAlex
- W4303182677
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 146 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 12.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA258384, R01CA263500, P50CA165962, U19CA264504)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI157488)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS092597, DP1NS111132)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Keywords
- long COVID, neurobiology, central nervous system, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive symptoms, pathobiology, COVID-19 survivors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Mental Disorders, Humans, Nervous System Diseases
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