Cited by 188Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Developing the catecholamines hypothesis for the acute exercise-cognition interaction in humans: Lessons from animal studies

McMorris, Terry·2016·Physiology & Behavior

Abstract

The catecholamines hypothesis for the acute exercise-cognition interaction in humans fails to adequately explain the interaction between peripherally circulating catecholamines and brain concentrations; how different exercise intensities×durations affect different cognitive tasks; and how brain catecholamines, glucocorticoids, BDNF and 5-hydroxytryptamine interact. A review of the animal literature was able to clarify many of the issues. Rodent studies showed that facilitation of cognition during short to moderate duration (SMD), moderate exercise could be accounted for by activation of the locus coeruleus via feedback from stretch reflexes, baroreceptors and, post-catecholamines threshold, β-adrenoceptors on the vagus nerve. SMD, moderate exercise facilitates all types of task by stimulation of the reticular system by norepinephrine (NE) but central executive tasks are further facilitated by activation of α2A-adrenoceptors and D1-dopaminergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex, which increases the signal to 'noise' ratio. During long-duration, moderate exercise and heavy exercise, brain concentrations of glucocorticoids and 5-hydroxytryptamine, the latter in moderate exercise only, also increase. This further increases catecholamines release. This results in increased activation of D1-receptors and α1-adrenoceptors, in the prefrontal cortex, which dampens all neural activity, thus inhibiting central executive performance. However, activation of β- and α1-adrenoceptors can positively affect signal detection in the sensory cortices, hence performance of perception/attention and autonomous tasks can be facilitated. Animal studies also show that during long-duration, moderate exercise and heavy exercise, NE activation of β-adrenoceptors releases cAMP, which modulates the signaling and trafficking of the BDNF receptor Trk B, which facilitates long-term potentiation.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.011

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  • Prolonged physical activity causes an increase in NA and 5-HT activation associated with regulation of synapse plasticity and signs of neuroprotection in the brain.

    “Indeed, prolonged physical activity causes an increase in NA and 5-HT activation associated with regulation of synapse plasticity and the signs of neuroprotection in the brain [197,198].”

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Authors
McMorris, T.
Affiliations
University of Chichester (GB)
Corresponding author
McMorris, Terry
Venue
Physiology & Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-10
Volume
165
Pages
291-299
ISSN
0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2517985674
Cited by
188
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 2
FWCI
2.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
acute exercise, brain catecholamines, norepinephrine, locus coeruleus, central executive function, prefrontal cortex, adrenergic receptors, dopamine D1 receptor, alpha2A-adrenoceptor, glucocorticoids, serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB receptor, long-term potentiation, cAMP signaling, vagus nerve, baroreceptors, stretch reflex, reticular activating system, signal detection, attention
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Catecholamines, Cognition, Humans, Exercise, Models, Animal

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