Consciousness and the brainstem

Parvizi, J

doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00127-x

Cited by 503Philosophy and Theoretical ScienceEmbodied and Extended CognitionNeural dynamics and brain function

Consciousness and the brainstem

Parvizi, J·2001·Cognition

DOI 10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00127-x

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Abstract

In the first part of this article we summarize a theoretical framework and a set of hypotheses aimed at accounting for consciousness in neurobiological terms. The basic form of consciousness, core consciousness is placed in the context of life regulation; it is seen as yet another level of biological processing aimed at ensuring the homeostatic balance of a living organism; and the representation of the current organism state within somato-sensing structures is seen as critical to its development. Core consciousness is conceived as the imaged relationship of the interaction between an object and the changed organism state it causes. In the second part of the article we discuss the functional neuroanatomy of nuclei in the brainstem reticular formation because they constitute the basic set of somato-sensing structures necessary for core consciousness and its core self to emerge. The close relationship between the mechanisms underlying cortical activation and the bioregulatory mechanisms outlined here is entirely compatible with the classical idea that the reticular formation modulates the electrophysiological activity of the cerebral cortex. However, in the perspective presented here, that modulation is placed in the setting of the organism's homeostatic regulation.

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Authors: Parvizi, J.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author: Parvizi, J
ORCID: Parvizi, J
Venue: Cognition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-04
Volume: 79
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 135-160
ISSN: 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00127-x
OpenAlex: W2140088257
Cited by: 503
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 10.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: consciousness, brainstem reticular formation, homeostatic regulation, self, cortical activation, bioregulation
MeSH terms: Brain Stem, Cerebral Cortex, Consciousness, Humans, Reticular Formation

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Consciousness and the brainstem

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