The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Psychological threat represents an inner alarm that arouses vigilance and the motive to reaffirm the self (Steele 1988).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
In the citing paper
“The postulate that people are motivated to maintain self-integrity rests at the center of selfaffirmation theory (Steele 1988; see also Sherman & Cohen 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
In the citing paper
“Threats to this image evoke psychological threat (see Steele 1988, Sherman & Cohen 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
In the citing paper
“People have a basic need to maintain the integrity of the self, a global sense of personal adequacy.”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
In the citing paper
“Even small inputs into the self-system can have large effects, because a healthy self-system is motivated to maintain integrity and generate affirming meanings (Steele 1988; see also Sherman & Cohen 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
In the citing paper
“As self-affirmation theory suggests, a threat derives its power from the challenge it poses to global self-integrity (Steele 1988).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Steele 1988
Citations
Cites
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Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., de Castro, B. O., & Reijntjes, A. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025677 · Cited by 55
Water From the Lake of Memory: The Regulatory Model of Nostalgia
Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2023) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214221121768 · Cited by 54
Moral coherence processes: constructing culpability and consequences
Clark, C. J., Chen, E. E., & Ditto, P. H. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.016 · Cited by 50
Schindler, S., Hilgard, J., Fritsche, I., Burke, B., & Pfattheicher, S. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683221107267 · Cited by 43
“…to buffer against MS. Self-affirmation, for example, is assumed to have the salutary effect of making people secure toward threatening events (Steele, 1988), that is, self-affirmation manipulations already refer to manipulating adherence to personal norms and values (e.g., Schmeichel &…”
BackgroundThe Curvilinear Relationship Between Attitude Certainty and Attitudinal Advocacy
Cheatham, L. B., & Tormala, Z. L. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216673349 · Cited by 41
Effects of self-affirmation on implementation intentions and the moderating role of affect
Ferrer, R. A., Shmueli, D., Bergman, H. E., Harris, P. R., & Klein, W. M. P. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611419265 · Cited by 38
On sanction-goal justifications: How and why deterrence justifications undermine rule compliance.
Mooijman, M., van Dijk, W. W., van Dijk, E., & Ellemers, N. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000084 · Cited by 36
Effects of Self-Affirmation on Daily Versus Occasional Smokers’ Responses to Graphic Warning Labels
Zhao, X., Peterson, E. B., Kim, W., & Rolfe-Redding, J. (2014) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650212465433 · Cited by 37
Identity accumulation, others' acceptance, job-search self-efficacy, and stress
Lang, J. C., & Lee, C. H. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.309 · Cited by 34
Arch, J. J., Crespi, C. M., Levin, M. E., Genung, S. R., Nealis, M., Mitchell, J. L., Bright, E. E., Albright, K., Magidson, J. F., & Stanton, A. L. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaab118 · Cited by 34
A theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: study protocol
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On or Off Track: How (Broken) Streaks Affect Consumer Decisions
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Effects of a Brief Preventive Intervention in Cyberbullying and Grooming in Adolescents
Calvete, E., Cortazar, N., Fernández-González, L., Echezarraga, A., Beranuy, M., León, A., González-Cabrera, J., & Orue, I. (2021) · Psychosocial Intervention · doi:10.5093/pi2020a22 · Cited by 31
“Other types of wise interventions that have been used in many areas are the so-called self-affirmation (SA) interventions, which are based on the postulate that people are motivated to maintain self-integrity (Cohen & Sherman, 2014; Steele, 1988).”
BackgroundSelf-affirmation and the self-regulation of health behavior change
Harris, P. R. (2011) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2010.517963 · Cited by 30
Nostalgia relieves the disillusioned mind
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Binning, K. R., Cook, J. E., Greenaway, V. P., Garcia, J., Apfel, N., Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12461 · Cited by 25
Neural circuits associated with positive and negative self-appraisal
Brühl, A. B., Rufer, M., Kaffenberger, T., Baur, V., & Herwig, U. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.053 · Cited by 24
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Impact of values clarification on cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor
Gregg, J. A., Namekata, M. S., Louie, W. A., & Chancellor-Freeland, C. (2014) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.08.002 · Cited by 23
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The Role of the Self in Building the Bridge From Philosophy to Biology
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Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., & Orue, I. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221127221 · Cited by 17
Evidence that self-affirmation reduces relational aggression: A proof of concept trial
Armitage, C. J., & Rowe, R. (2017) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000062 · Cited by 17
Can reflecting on personal values online increase positive beliefs about counseling?
Lannin, D. G., Vogel, D. L., & Heath, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000201 · Cited by 15
Ehret, P. J., LaBrie, J. W., Santerre, C., & Sherman, D. K. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.840953 · Cited by 13
Death Awareness and Terror Management Theory
Dar-Nimrod, I. (2022) · Existential Concerns and Cognitive-Behavioral Procedures · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06932-1_3 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Steele, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Steele, Claude M.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1988
- Pages
- 261-302
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1935421882
- Cited by
- 3,697
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 226 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 166 · 2018: 158 · 2017: 178 · 2016: 174 · 2015: 163 · 2014: 149 · 2013: 147 · 2012: 163
- FWCI
- 26.44
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-affirmation, self-integrity, self-regard, self-threat, coping, rationalization, self-conception, self-concept
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