Behavioral validation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD)
Abstract
A good model of a disorder is one that: (a) mimics, although in a simpler form than the full-blown clinical case, the fundamentals of the behavioral characteristics, in this case of people with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD;face validity); (b) conforms with a theoretical rationale for the disorder (construct validity); and (c) is able to predict aspects of behavior, genetics and neurobiology previously uncharted in the clinics (predictive validity). This article discusses the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) and some other putative animal models of AD/HD. It is argued that although other strains and species may be hyperactive and/or show attention deficits following genetic, environmental or pharmacological interventions, the SHR is presently the only strain shown to have the major behavioral symptoms of AD/HD. This does not mean that investigating other models cannot give valuable information.
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SHR is the most widely accepted rodent model of ADHD.
“The spontaneously hypertensive rat strain (SHR), a rat model bred from progenitor Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY; Okamoto and Aoki, 1963), is the most widely accepted rodent model of ADHD (Sagvolden et al., 1993; Sagvolden, 2000; Davids et al., 2003).”
From The Effects of Methylphenidate on Goal-directed Behavior in a Rat Model of ADHD (2015) · cites this paper as Sagvolden, 2000
SHR rats display many behavioral characteristics apparent in ADHD, including poor performance in sustained attention tasks, hyperactivity, impulsivity, sensitivity to delay, and increased variation in performance of operant tasks.
“these rats have been shown to display many behavioral characteristics apparent in ADHD, including poor performance in sustained attention tasks, hyperactivity, impulsivity, sensitivity to delay, and increased variation in performance of operant tasks [451-453].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [452]
Impulsivity is seen in SHR as an inability to inhibit a response during the extinction phase of an operant task, and an inability to delay a response in order to obtain a larger reward.
“Impulsivity is seen in SHR as an inability to inhibit a response during the extinction phase of an operant task, and an inability to delay a response in order to obtain a larger reward [452,454].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [452]
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- Authors
- Sagvolden, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Sagvolden, Terje
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-39
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978427046
- Cited by
- 525
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 10.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, spontaneously hypertensive rats, animal model of ADHD, face validity, construct validity, predictive validity, hyperactivity, attention deficits, rodent models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior, Animal, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Rats, Inbred SHR, Rats
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