Cited by 482interferon and immune responsesCytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsImmune Response and Inflammation

The growing family of interferon regulatory factors

Open access
Nguyen, Hannah, Hiscott, John, Pitha, Paula M.·1997·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

Abstract

Interferons (IFN) exert their multiple biological effects through the induction of expression of over 30 genes encoding proteins with antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory functions. Among the many IFN-inducible proteins are the Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription regulators, originally consisting of the well-characterized IRF-1 and IRF-2 proteins; the family has now expanded to over 10 members and is still growing. The present review provides a detailed description of recently characterized IRF family members. Studies analyzing IRF-expressing cell lines and IRF knockout mice reveal that each member of the IRF family exerts distinct roles in biological processes such as pathogen response, cytokine signalling, cell growth regulation and hematopoietic development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the IRFs affect these important cellular events and IFN expression will contribute to a greater understanding of events leading to various viral, immune and malignant disease states and will suggest novel strategies for antiviral and immune modulatory therapy.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s1359-6101(97)00019-1

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116 of 116 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • ICSBP/IRF-8 is an IFN-γ-inducible transcription factor of the IRF family that regulates transcription through multiple target DNA elements, including ISRE, EICE, and GAS.

    “Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP)/IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-8 is an IFN g -inducible transcription factor of the IRF family and regulates transcription through multiple target DNA elements, such as IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), Ets/IRF composite element, and IFNg activation site (GAS).”
  • ICSBP has a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) at the N-terminal region and an IRF association domain (IAD) in the C-terminal region.

    “ICSBP has the DNAbinding domain (DBD) conserved in the IRF family at the Nterminal region and the IRF association domain (IAD) in the C-terminal region (Fig. 1). (2-5)”
  • ICSBP belongs to the IRF transcription factor family, which includes nine mammalian members and four virally encoded homologs.

    “It belongs to the family of IRF transcription factors, which includes nine mammalian members and four virally encoded homologs. (2,3)”

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Authors
Nguyen, H., Hiscott, J., & Pitha, P. M.
Affiliations
  • Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (CA)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Hiscott, John
Venue
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1997-12
Volume
8
Issue
4
Pages
293-312
ISSN
1359-6101 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2028850807
Cited by
480
References
121
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
FWCI
3.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council Canada
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
interferon regulatory factors, interferon, transcription factors, IRF1, IRF2, cytokine signaling, antiviral response, cell growth regulation, hematopoietic development, antiviral therapy, immunomodulation
MeSH terms
Interferon Regulatory Factor-8, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Cell Division, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunity, Interferon Type I, Interferons, Molecular Sequence Data, Phosphoproteins, Repressor Proteins, Transcription Factors, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Virulence Factors, Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit, Interferon Regulatory Factors, Interferon Regulatory Factor-2, Interferon Regulatory Factor-3, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Interferon Regulatory Factor-1, Mice

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