Identification and Fate of Aqueous Film Forming Foam Derived Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abstract
The fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) derived from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) was investigated within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving large AFFF inputs from a foam refractory testing event. Targeted analysis, the Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay (TOP Assay), and nontargeted analysis with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) were used to characterize the samples. Over the duration of foam testing, approximately 10.8 kg of total PFASs was measured by TOP Assay in the influent, and 6.3 kg of total PFASs was measured in the effluent; 94 g of PFOS was released in the effluent, apparently from remobilization of historical sources. 1.7% of total PFASs measured in the influent were converted to short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates in the effluent. Ten PFAS classes previously reported, including 6:2 fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (6:2 FtTAoS), and 5 PFAS classes newly reported were identified by QTOF. The trickling filter was the only unit operation that resulted in significant gains and losses of individual PFASs, including near complete loss of 6:2 FtTAoS due to transformation. Similar reaction pathways for 6:2 FtTAoS reported in previously published soil and activated sludge microcosm experiments were observed in this WWTP, although a higher yield of perfluoroheptanoic acid was observed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other studies have shown decreases in 6:2 FTS mass in sediment and water from chemical oxidation or biotransformation of 6:2 FTS into terminal PFAS under certain environmental conditions.
“Other studies have shown decreases in 6:2 FTS mass in sediment and water from chemical oxidation or biotransformation of 6:2 FTS into terminal PFAS under certain environmental conditions (presence of ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration).32,41,42”
Cites
Identifying Small Molecules via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Communicating Confidence
Schymanski, E. L., Jeon, J., Gulde, R., Fenner, K., Ruff, M., Singer, H. P., & Hollender, J. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5002105 · Cited by 4,519 · see citing works
Sorption of Perfluorinated Surfactants on Sediments
Higgins, C. P., & Luthy, R. G. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061000n · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00260 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Roberts, S. C., Choyke, S., Oetjen, K., McAlees, A., Riddell, N., McCrindle, R., Ferguson, P. L., Higgins, C. P., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05843 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil
Houtz, E. F., Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4018877 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative Conversion as a Means of Detecting Precursors to Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Urban Runoff
Houtz, E. F., & Sedlak, D. L. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302274g · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Self-citationBacke, W. J., Day, T. C., & Field, J. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3034999 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in U.S. full-scale water treatment systems
Appleman, T. D., Higgins, C. P., Quiñones, O., Vanderford, B. J., Kolstad, C., Zeigler-Holady, J. C., & Dickenson, E. R. V. (2014) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.067 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Moody, C. A., Martin, J. W., Kwan, W. C., Muir, D. C. G., & Mabury, S. A. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011001+ · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Identification of Novel Fluorochemicals in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Used by the US Military
Place, B. J., & Field, J. A. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301465n · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Guelfo, J. L., & Higgins, C. P. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3048043 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility
Schultz, M. M., Higgins, C. P., Huset, C. A., Luthy, R. G., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061025m · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Sepulvado, J. G., Blaine, A. C., Hundal, L. S., & Higgins, C. P. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es103903d · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Anderson, R. H., Long, G. C., Porter, R. C., & Anderson, J. K. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.014 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Xiao, X., Ulrich, B. A., Chen, B., & Higgins, C. P. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00970 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Moody, C. A., Hebert, G. N., Strauss, S. H., & Field, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b212497a · Cited by 388 · see citing works
D’Agostino, L. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es403729e · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Strynar, M., Dagnino, S., McMahen, R., Liang, S., Lindstrom, A., Andersen, E., McMillan, L., Thurman, M., Ferrer, I., & Ball, C. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01215 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Houtz, E. F., Sutton, R., Park, J.-S., & Sedlak, M. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.055 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS
Schultz, M. M., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es035031j · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Determination of Perfluorocarboxylates in Groundwater Impacted by Fire-Fighting Activity
Moody, C. A., & Field, J. A. (1999) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es981355+ · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Harding-Marjanovic, K. C., Houtz, E. F., Yi, S., Field, J. A., Sedlak, D. L., & Alvarez-Cohen, L. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01219 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationBiodegradation of Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphates as a Source of Perfluorinated Acids to the Environment
Lee, H., D’eon, J., & Mabury, S. A. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9028183 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Gallen, C., Eaglesham, G., Drage, D., Nguyen, T. H., & Mueller, J. F. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.024 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
McGuire, M. E., Schaefer, C., Richards, T., Backe, W. J., Field, J. A., Houtz, E., Sedlak, D. L., Guelfo, J. L., Wunsch, A., & Higgins, C. P. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5006187 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationSchultz, M. M., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es051381p · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., Delinsky, A. D., Nakayama, S. F., McMillan, L., Libelo, E. L., Neill, M., & Thomas, L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1039425 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Weber, A. K., Barber, L. B., LeBlanc, D. R., Sunderland, E. M., & Vecitis, C. D. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05573 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Lu, X., Wang, N., & Buck, R. C. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.062 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Weiner, B. A., Yeung, L. W. Y., Marchington, E. B., D’Agostino, L. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2013) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en13128 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Evaluation of the fate of perfluoroalkyl compounds in wastewater treatment plants
Guo, R., Sim, W., Lee, E.-S., Lee, J., & Oh, J. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.028 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Mejia-Avendaño, S., Vo Duy, S., Sauvé, S., & Liu, J. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b00140 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., & Field, J. A. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00049 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Long-Term Environmental Fate of Perfluorinated Compounds after Accidental Release at Toronto Airport
Awad, E., Zhang, X., Bhavsar, S. P., Petro, S., Crozier, P. W., Reiner, E. J., Fletcher, R., Tittlemier, S. A., & Braekevelt, E. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2001985 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Moe, M. K., Huber, S., Svenson, J., Hagenaars, A., Pabon, M., Trümper, M., Berger, U., Knapen, D., & Herzke, D. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.012 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
D’Agostino, L. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2017) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3750 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Yi, S., Harding-Marjanovic, K. C., Houtz, E. F., Gao, Y., Lawrence, J. E., Nichiporuk, R. V., Iavarone, A. T., Zhuang, W., Hansen, M. A., Field, J. A., et al. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00148 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationOakes, K. D., Benskin, J. P., Martin, J. W., Ings, J. S., Heinrichs, J. Y., Dixon, D. G., & Servos, M. R. (2010) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2021) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117187 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Recent advances in the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—A review
Amin, M. A., Sobhani, Z., Liu, Y., Dharmarajan, R., Chadalavada, S., Naidu, R., Chalker, J. M., & Fang, C. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.100879 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Phong Vo, H. N., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., Hong Nguyen, T. M., Li, J., Liang, H., Deng, L., Chen, Z., & Hang Nguyen, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101393 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Stoiber, T., Evans, S., & Naidenko, O. V. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127659 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Wu, C., Klemes, M. J., Trang, B., Dichtel, W. R., & Helbling, D. E. (2020) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115950 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Hopkins, Z. R., McCord, J., Strynar, M. J., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00525 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyls (PFAS) via electrochemical methods
Sharma, S., Shetti, N. P., Basu, S., Nadagouda, M. N., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.132895 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Munoz, G., Michaud, A., Liu, M., Duy, S. V., Montenach, D., Resseguier, C., Watteau, F., Sappin‐Didier, V., Feder, F., Morvan, T., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c03697 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Martin, D., Munoz, G., Mejia-Avendaño, S., Duy, S. V., Yao, Y., Volchek, K., Brown, C. E., Liu, J., & Sauvé, S. (2019) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.093 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Jacob, P., Barzen-Hanson, K. A., & Helbling, D. E. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06690 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Thompson, K. A., Mortazavian, S., Gonzalez, D. J., Bott, C., Hooper, J., Schaefer, C. E., & Dickenson, E. R. V. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00377 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Ateia, M., Chiang, S. D., Cashman, M. A., & Acheson, C. M. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00061 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ruyle, B. J., Thackray, C. P., McCord, J. P., Strynar, M. J., Mauge-Lewis, K. A., Fenton, S. E., & Sunderland, E. M. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00798 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Banks, D., Jun, B.-M., Heo, J., Her, N., Park, C. M., & Yoon, Y. (2019) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115929 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Tavasoli, E., Luek, J. L., Malley, J. P., & Mouser, P. J. (2021) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d1em00032b · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Supercritical Water Oxidation as an Innovative Technology for PFAS Destruction
Krause, M. J., Thoma, E. D., Sahle-Damesessie, E., Crone, B. C., Whitehill, A., Shields, E. P., & Gullett, B. K. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001957 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Liu, S., Jin, B., Arp, H. P. H., Chen, W., Liu, Y., & Zhang, G. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c04276 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Kim, J., Xin, X., Mamo, B. T., Hawkins, G. L., Li, K., Chen, Y., Huang, Q., & Huang, C.-H. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00135 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Barpaga, D., Zheng, J. W., Han, K. S., Soltis, J. A., Shutthanandan, V. S., Basuray, S., McGrail, B. P., Chatterjee, S., & Motkuri, R. K. (2019) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00380 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Schaefer, C. E., Hooper, J. L., Strom, L. E., Abusallout, I., Dickenson, E. R. V., Thompson, K. A., Mohan, G. R., Drennan, D., Wu, K., & Guelfo, J. L. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.119724 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yan, P.-F., Dong, S., Pennell, K. D., & Cápiro, N. L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171883 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bilela, L. L., Matijošytė, I., Krutkevičius, J., Alexandrino, D. A. M., Šafařı́k, I., Burlakovs, J., Gaudêncio, S. P., & Carvalho, M. F. (2023) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115309 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Song, D., Qiao, B., Yao, Y., Zhao, L., Wang, X., Chen, H., Zhu, L., & Sun, H. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132411 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
González, D., Thompson, K. A., Quiñones, O., Dickenson, E., & Bott, C. B. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127900 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mojiri, A., Zhou, J. L., Ozaki, N., KarimiDermani, B., Razmi, E., & Kasmuri, N. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wang, B., Yao, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Sun, H. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c08242 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Remucal, C. K. (2019) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/c9em00265k · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Wang, A., Abrahamsson, D., Jiang, T., Wang, M., Morello-Frosch, R. A., Park, J.-S., Sirota, M., & Woodruff, T. J. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05984 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationOccurrence and fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in urban waters of New Zealand
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128257 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
PFAS in landfill leachate: Practical considerations for treatment and characterization
Sabba, F., Kassar, C., Zeng, T., Mallick, S. P., Downing, L., & McNamara, P. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136685 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Microbial biotransformation of aqueous film-forming foam derived polyfluoroalkyl substances
Choi, Y. J., Helbling, D. E., Liu, J., Olivares, C. I., & Higgins, C. P. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153711 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Release of Volatile Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
Roth, J., Abusallout, I., Hill, T., Holton, C. W., Thapa, U., & Hanigan, D. J. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00052 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Qiao, B., Song, D., Fang, B., Yu, H., Li, X., Zhao, L., Yao, Y., Zhu, L. Y., Chen, H., & Sun, H. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c03997 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Zhang, K., Qadeer, A., Chang, S., Tu, X., Shang, H., Khan, M. A., Zhu, Y., Fu, Q., Yu, Y., & Feng, Y. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109602 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Tributary Loading and Sediment Desorption as Sources of PFAS to Receiving Waters
Balgooyen, S., & Remucal, C. K. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00348 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Jeong, Y., Da Silva, K. M., Iturrospe, E., Fuiji, Y., Boogaerts, T., van Nuijs, A. L. N., Koelmel, J., & Covaci, A. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129378 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
An Integrated Approach for Determination of Total Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Shojaei, M., Kumar, N., & Guelfo, J. L. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c05143 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Emerging contaminants in biosolids: Presence, fate and analytical techniques
Kumar, R., Vuppaladadiyam, A. K., Antunes, E., Whelan, A., Fearon, R., Sheehan, M., & Reeves, L. (2022) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2022.03.004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Aly, N. A., McCord, J. P., Strynar, M. J., Chiu, W. A., Dodds, J. N., Baker, E. S., & Rusyn, I. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c04798 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lin, H., Lao, J.-Y., Wang, Q., Ruan, Y., He, Y., Lee, P. K. H., Leung, K., & Lam, P. K. S. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107434 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Saliu, T. D., & Sauvé, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fenvc.2024.1383185 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Saawarn, B., Mahanty, B., Hait, S., & Hussain, S. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
George, S., & Dixit, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113359 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Antell, E. H., Yi, S., Olivares, C. I., Ruyle, B. J., Kim, J. T., Tsou, K., Dixit, F., Alvarez‐Cohen, L., & Sedlak, D. L. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00106 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ali, A., Higgins, C. P., Alarif, W. M., Al-Lihaibi, S. S., Ghandourah, M. A., & Kallenborn, R. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09897-5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kim, J., Xin, X., Hawkins, G. L., Huang, Q., & Huang, C. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00541 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
A Critical Review of PFAS Analysis, Occurrence, and Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Liu, J. X., & Charbonnet, J. A. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c09949 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Annunziato, K. M., Doherty, J., Lee, J., Clark, J. M., Liang, W., Clark, C. W., Nguyen, M., Roy, M. A., & Timme‐Laragy, A. R. (2020) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp6470 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Liu, L., Deng, S., Bao, Y., Huang, J. G., & Yu, G. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c03210 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. T., McLachlan, M. S., Tscharke, B. J., Thai, P. K., Bräunig, J., Kaserzon, S., O'Brien, J. W., & Mueller, J. F. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133657 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fang, B., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Qiao, B., Yu, H., Zhao, M., Gao, M., Li, X., Yao, Y., Zhu, L. Y., et al. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c05506 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tsou, K., Antell, E., Duan, Y., Olivares, C. I., Yi, S., Alvarez-Cohen, L., & Sedlak, D. L. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00224 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Alsadik, A., Akintunde, O. O., Habibi, H. R., & Achari, G. (2025) · ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH · doi:10.1186/s40068-025-00411-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Aly, N. A., Luo, Y.-S., Liu, Y., Casillas, G., McDonald, T. J., Kaihatu, J. M., Jun, M., Ellis, N., Gossett, S., Dodds, J. N., et al. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hussain, H. N., Jilani, M. I., Imtiaz, F., Ahmed, T., Arshad, M. B., Mudassar, M. M., & Sharif, M. N. (2025) · Green Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100225 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Chiriac, F. L., Pirvu, F., Paun, I. C., & Petre, V. A. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164576 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sivaram, A. K., Panneerselvan, L., Surapaneni, A., Lee, E., Kannan, K., & Megharaj, M. (2022) · Environmental Advances · doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100174 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fu, C., Xu, X., Zheng, C., Liu, X., Zhao, D., & Qiu, W. (2022) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-021-01127-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Liu, M., Glover, C. M., Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Sauvé, S., & Liu, J. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liu, L., Lü, M., Cheng, X. M., Yu, G., & Huang, J. G. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107398 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Gallen, C., Bignert, A., Taucare, G., O'Brien, J., Braeunig, J., Reeks, T., Thompson, J., & Mueller, J. F. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150211 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Smouldering to treat PFAS in sewage sludge
Fournie, T., Rashwan, T. L., Switzer, C., & Gerhard, J. I. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
LaFond, J. A., Rezes, R. T., Shojaei, M., Anderson, T. A., Jackson, W. A., Guelfo, J. L., & Hatzinger, P. B. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c01931 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. T., Thai, P. K., Kaserzon, S., O'Brien, J. W., & Mueller, J. F. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134203 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Balgooyen, S., & Remucal, C. K. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c06600 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Rehnstam, S., Czeschka, M.-B., & Ahrens, L. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138925 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Predicting the occurrence of short-chain PFAS in groundwater using machine-learned Bayesian networks
Li, R., & Gibson, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.958784 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Caniglia, J., Snow, D. D., Messer, T., & Bartelt-Hunt, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2022.892451 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kaiser, A.-M., Saračević, E., Schaar, H., Weiss, S., & Hornek-Gausterer, R. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113692 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Balancing sustainability goals and treatment efficacy for PFAS removal from water
Tushar, M. M. R., Pushan, Z. A., Aich, N., & Rowles, L. S. (2024) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-024-00427-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
McIntyre, H. M., Minda, V., Hawley, E. L., Deeb, R. A., & Hart, M. L. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132790 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Ruan, Y., Yuen, C. N. T., Lin, H., Yeung, L. W. Y., Leung, K., & Lam, P. K. S. (2023) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.117351 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Occurrence, fate, and remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soils: A review
Li, H., & Koosaletse-Mswela, P. (2023) · Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health · doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2023.100487 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tisler, S., Zweigle, J., Gotil, M. K., Finckh, S., Brack, W., Braxmaier, E.-M., Meyer, C., Hollender, J., Kosjek, T., Schymanski, E., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c06876 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Valdiviezo, A., Aly, N. A., Luo, Y., Cordova, A. C., Casillas, G. A., Foster, M., Baker, E. S., & Rusyn, I. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Yi, S., Harding-Marjanovic, K. C., Houtz, E. F., Antell, E. H., Olivares, C. I., Nichiporuk, R. V., Iavarone, A. T., Zhuang, W., Field, J. A., Sedlak, D. L., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c00063 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tap Water from the American Healthy Homes Survey II
Boettger, J. D., DeLuca, N. M., Zurek-Ost, M. A., Miller, K. E., Fuller, C., Bradham, K. D., Ashley, P., Friedman, W., Pinzer, E. A., Cox, D. C., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c08037 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dong, J., Kim, S., Young, S. D., Li, C., Jin, Z., Lee, D., & Olivares, C. I. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138090 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Getzinger, G. J., & Ferguson, P. L. (2021) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.0c00309 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ilieva, Z., Hamza, R., & Suehring, R. (2023) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4778 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants
Schaefer, C. E., Hooper, J., Strom, L. E., Wu, K., & Guelfo, J. L. (2023) · AWWA Water Science · doi:10.1002/aws2.1349 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Trobisch, K., Reeves, D. M., & Cassidy, D. P. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122422 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Islam, M. S., Kekre, K. M., Shah, T., Tsai, P., Ponnusamy, V. K., & Andaluri, G. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100621 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vitale, D. S., Reeves, D. M., Coffin, E. S., Link, G. W., Cassidy, D. P., & Rochow, S. M. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120268 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Han, B.-C., Liu, J.-S., Bizimana, A., Zhang, B.-X., Kateryna, S., Zhao, Z., Yu, L., Shen, Z.-Z., & Meng, X. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122663 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from wastewater via aerosol capture
Nguyen, D., Stults, J. F., Devon, J., Novak, E., Lanza, H. A., Choi, Y. J., Lee, L., & Schaefer, C. E. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133460 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fan, X., Bao, Y., Mumtaz, M., Huang, J. G., & Yu, G. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142943 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Patch, D. J., O'Connor, N., Vereecken, T., Murphy, D., Munoz, G., Ross, I., Glover, C. M., Scott, J. L., Koch, I., Sauvé, S., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168145 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Amin, M. A., Luo, Y., Shi, F. J., Yu, L., Liu, Y., Nolan, A. L., Awoyemi, O. S., Megharaj, M., Naidu, R., & Fang, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1141182 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Megson, D., Niepsch, D., Spencer, J., Santos, C. D., Florance, H., MacLeod, C. L., & Ross, I. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143645 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
González, D., Thompson, K. A., Quiñones, O., Dickenson, E., & Bott, C. B. (2021) · AWWA Water Science · doi:10.1002/aws2.1247 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wang, M., Kinyua, J., Jiang, T., Sedlak, M., McKee, L. J., Fadness, R., Sutton, R., & Park, J.-S. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5357 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis and stability of switchable CO2-responsive foaming coupled with nanoparticles
Li, S., Li, S., Du, K., Zhu, J., Shang, L., & Zhang, K. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105091 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Llewellyn, M. J., Griffin, E. K., Caspar, R. J., Timshina, A. S., Bowden, J. A., Miller, C. J., Baker, B. B., & Baker, T. R. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173325 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Formation and fate of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in a laboratory-scale urban wastewater system
Li, Y., Bräunig, J., Thai, P. K., Rebosura, M., Mueller, J. F., & Yuan, Z. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118295 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Xin, X., Kim, J., Weng, S., & Huang, C. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00565 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhang, K., Chang, S., Zhu, Y., Shang, H., Fu, Q., Tu, X., Yu, Y., & Feng, Y. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141890 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Duru, C. I., Kang, D. H., & Sherchan, S. P. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177152 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kizhakkethil, J. P., Shi, Z., Bogush, A. A., & Kourtchev, I. (2024) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120716 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an arid, urban, wastewater-dominated watershed
Thompson, K. A., Ray, H., Gerrity, D., Quiñones, O., Dano, E., Prieur, J., Vanderford, B., Steinle-Darling, E., & Dickenson, E. R. V. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173361 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Houtz, E., Wang, M., & Park, J.-S.
- Affiliations
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control (US)
- Corresponding author
- Houtz, Erika
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-10-19
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 13212-13221
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2895983910
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, aqueous film-forming foam, biotrickling filter, PFHpA, total oxidizable precursor assay
- MeSH terms
- Carboxylic Acids, Fluorocarbons, Soil, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review