Cited by 145Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchEnvironmental Chemistry and AnalysisPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Identification and Fate of Aqueous Film Forming Foam Derived Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Houtz, Erika, Wang, Miaomiao, Park, June-Soo·2018·Environmental Science & Technology

Abstract

The fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) derived from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) was investigated within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving large AFFF inputs from a foam refractory testing event. Targeted analysis, the Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay (TOP Assay), and nontargeted analysis with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) were used to characterize the samples. Over the duration of foam testing, approximately 10.8 kg of total PFASs was measured by TOP Assay in the influent, and 6.3 kg of total PFASs was measured in the effluent; 94 g of PFOS was released in the effluent, apparently from remobilization of historical sources. 1.7% of total PFASs measured in the influent were converted to short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates in the effluent. Ten PFAS classes previously reported, including 6:2 fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (6:2 FtTAoS), and 5 PFAS classes newly reported were identified by QTOF. The trickling filter was the only unit operation that resulted in significant gains and losses of individual PFASs, including near complete loss of 6:2 FtTAoS due to transformation. Similar reaction pathways for 6:2 FtTAoS reported in previously published soil and activated sludge microcosm experiments were observed in this WWTP, although a higher yield of perfluoroheptanoic acid was observed.

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Crossref · 10.1021/acs.est.8b04028

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Authors
Houtz, E., Wang, M., & Park, J.-S.
Affiliations
California Department of Toxic Substances Control (US)
Corresponding author
Houtz, Erika
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Published
2018-10-19
Volume
52
Issue
22
Pages
13212-13221
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
OpenAlex
W2895983910
Cited by
145
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
FWCI
4.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, aqueous film-forming foam, biotrickling filter, PFHpA, total oxidizable precursor assay
MeSH terms
Carboxylic Acids, Fluorocarbons, Soil, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Wastewater

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