Public health significance of neuroticism

“Table 1 presents effect sizes for the strength of association with the mental disorder, expressed as d (Cohen, 1988).”

“There also is consistent evidence that the short allele of 5-HTTLPR is associated with increased risk for depression among persons who have experienced stressful life events (Caspi et al., 2003; Lotrich & Pollock, 2004; Uher & McGuffin, 2008).”

“…numbers of markers selected from across the genome to examine patterns of inheritance within families, have not yielded consistent findings (Fullerton et al., 2003; Nash et al., 2004), perhaps partly because of limitations in the statistical power of linkage studies (Risch & Merikangas, 1996).”

“…or negative affectivity, is included in nearly all major models of personality traits (Matthews, Deary, & Whiteman, 2003), including three-factor (Eysenck, 1947; Tellegen, 1982) and five-factor models (Costa & McCrae, 1992b; Goldberg, 1993; Zuckerman, Kuhlman, Teta, Joireman, & Kraft, 1993).”

“…of neuroticism, in the sense of maintaining rank-order position relative to other persons, increases with age from adolescence through adulthood (Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000), mean neuroticism scores peak in late adolescence and decline moderately through adulthood (Costa et al., 1986; McCrae et…”

“This is important because lower social support is associated with increased risk for health problems (Uchino, 2006) and stress increases risk for health problems, particularly when it is unremitting and the individual is older or in poor health (Schneiderman, Ironson, & Siegel, 2005).”

“In addition, Lahey (2009), summarizing the growing evidence for the public-health significance of neuroticism, documented that neuroticism is strongly associated with and predicts many different mental and physical disorders, as well as treatment seeking for not only mental disorders but also…”

“The contribution of neuroticism to the development of physical health problems, financial difficulties, and dissolution of relationships and other negative life outcomes (21) will result in a considerable amount of stress, with which persons high in neuroticism would have an inherent difficulty emotionally surmounting.”

“Neuroticism is also associated with important outcomes like occupational attainment, divorce, and mortality (Lahey, 2009; B. W. Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007).”

“Given the public health implications of high levels of neuroticism observed in the population (for a review, see Lahey, 2009), it is not surprising that this trait has been the focus of intensive theorizing and research.”

“These behavioural tendencies have shown substantial associations with future behaviour and behavioural outcomes, such as educational and vocational success and health (Iwasa et al., 2008; Lahey, 2009; Noftle & Robins, 2007; Ozer & BenetMartinez, 2006; Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007).”

“Considerable research has supported predictive associations both between temperament neuroticism and negative emotionality (NE) and depression and between low positive emotionality (PE) and depression (for reviews, see, e.g., Klein et al. 2011, Lahey 2009, Ormel et al. 2013).”

“In contrast, constraint has been found to be inversely correlated with externalizing psychopathology across the life span, but positively, albeit weakly, associated with the internalizing domain (Hink et al., 2013; Krueger, 1999a; Krueger & Markon, 2006b; Krueger, McGue, & Iacono, 2001; Lahey, 2009; Lahey et al., 2010…”

“They also tend to be vigilant and overreactive to potential stressors (Lahey, 2009) and, of particular relevance to the MRP given the open-ended nature of many microaggressions, prone to interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative light (Brief, Burke, George, Robinson, & Webster, 1988).”

“This is because underlying personality dimensions confer risk for psychopathology in coherent ways (e.g., neuroticism confers risk for diverse forms of behavioral dysfunction; Lahey, 2009).”

“Although neuroticism has been hypothesized to be an important predictor of physical diseases,[51] recent studies with larger sample sizes have shown that low conscientiousness may be the only personality trait that is consistently associated with chronic diseases and risk factors such as obesity,[52] diabetes,[53] and…”

“Studies examining the longitudinal relationship of personality traits with mortality report similar effect sizes as our meta-analysis reveals (Ferguson & Bibby, 2012; Kern & Friedman, 2008; Lahey, 2009).”

“Chronically hostile individuals show greater cardiovascular reactivity in negative (but not positive) social interactions (HoltLunstad, Smith, & Uchino, 2008) and are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (Chida & Steptoe, 2009), and neuroticism is associated with objective assessments of disease incidence and mo…”

“A síndrome de FOMO tem sido associada ao traço de personalidade do neuroticismo [29, 86], um dos fatores de risco mais conhecidos para o desenvolvimento de transtorno de humor [91].”

“…IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript In the present study, we focus on NE because it is robustly correlated with a wide range of mental and physical health problems (Lahey, 2009; Meijer, de Vries, & van Bruggen, 2011; Tellegen et al., 2006; Watson, Clark, & Harkness, 1994).”

“and general health service use (Hills & Argyle, 2001; Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006; Roberts et al. 2007; Steel et al. 2008; Lahey, 2009), among others.”

“Neuroticism also has shown robust relations with many of the outcomes reviewed herein, including mortality [57, 90, 91].”

“This is because broad domains of personality have demonstrated replicable relations not only to the PDs (Samuel & Widiger, 2008), but also to common mental disorders (Kotov et al., 2010; Lahey, 2009).”

“…programmes perhaps best target self-control and neuroticism in addition to the mental disorders as these temperamental traits seem to play an important role in the development of co-morbidity and associated life outcomes (Oldehinkel et al. 2004; Lahey, 2009; Moffitt et al. 2011; Ormel et al. 2013).”

“…is a longstanding acceptance that psychological distress (PD) in the form of anxiety, sadness, irritability, self-consciousness and emotional vulnerability is strongly correlated with physical morbidity, reduced quality and duration of life, and increased use of health services (e.g. Lahey 2009).”

“…and across multiple research domains including education (e.g., Poropat, 2009), work (e.g., Judge, Heller, & Mount, 2002), and romance (e.g., Bouchard, Lussier, & Sabourin, 1999), as well as physical (e.g., Marshall, Wortman, Vickers, Kusulas, & Hervig, 1994) and mental health (e.g., Lahey, 2009).”

“(2018) also demonstrated associations between higher WCA and the personality trait of neuroticism, a general risk factor for psychopathology, particularly internalizing disorders including depression and anxiety (Lahey, 2009).”

“acceptance, relationship conflict or marital status (29,30).”

“High neuroticism contributes to many health disorders [112] and relates to increased age-related cognitive change and clinical Alzheimer’s disease in longitudinal studies [113–115].”

“Neuroticism has been found to relate to many mental and physical disorders as well as to negatively predict overall quality and longevity of life ( Lahey, 2009 ; Steel, Schmidt, & Schultz, 2008 ).”

“There have been repeated calls to include personality information in health behaviour interventions [37,38].”

“its mechanisms(20) - provide a strong rationale for large-scale GWAS to identify its genetic”

“In fact, Neuroticism has been argued to be of general public health significance because it is associated with so many negative outcomes [111, 112].”

“For example, since neuroticism predicts various mental and physical health disorders there would be clear benefits to both individuals and societies from reducing the prevalence of neuroticism (Lahey, 2009).”

“It might be possible to inexpensively screen large numbers of individuals in the community for high neuroticism scores, for instance, via web-based questionnaires (Chapman, Hampson, & Clarkin, 2014; Lahey, 2009).”

“because they are a strong predictor of impairment, health service use and psychiatric morbidity and are associated with considerable economic costs (Lahey 2009; Cuijpers, Smit et al. 2010).”

“For example, there is extensive structural evidence for the existence of a pervasive neuroticism or negative emotionality dimension in psychopathology data underlying essentially all forms of psychological maladjustment (Lahey, 2009).”

“To date, research on dimensions of temperament that increase vulnerability for both depression and anxiety has focused mainly on negative emotionality (Barlow, Ellard, Sauer-Zavala, Bullis, & Carl, 2014; Lahey, 2009).”

“This s important given that neuroticism is a strong predictor of health isorders 35 (2015) 88–102 service use, impairment, and psychiatric morbidity and is associated with considerable economic costs (Lahey, 2009; Cuijpers et al., 2010).”

“This is because underlying personality dimensions confer risk for psychopathology in coherent ways (e.g., neuroticism represents a risk factor for diverse forms of behavioral dysfunction; Lahey, 2009).”

“…has increasingly drawn the attention of educators, social scientists, neurobiologists, clinicians, economists, and public policymakers (Duckworth & Allred, 2012; Ferguson, Heckman, & Corr, 2011; Lahey, 2009; Moffitt, Poulton, & Caspi, 2013; Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007).”

“This is consistent with prior research on the relationship between stress, chronic illness and psychological morbidity in the general population (Hammen et al., 2009; Lahey, 2009).”

“We focus on neuroticism, a personality trait that has far-reaching public health significance (Lahey, 2009).”

“…example, higher savings rates (Ameriks et al., 2003; Ameriks et al., 2007), prosocial activities (Binder & Freytag, 2013), or better health behaviors (Lahey, 2009; O’Connor, Conner, Jones, McMillan, & Ferguson, 2009)—unemployment may pose additional difficulties beyond the simple economic.”

“The personality traits of neuroticism and trait anxiety are linked more widely with a number of mental and physical disorders that have bearing on the quality and longevity of people's life.(70,71) Coping strategies marked by higher levels of avoidance and/ or rumination have also been associated with a number of nega…”

“It has been shown in many studies that negative emotionality, especially with respect to the personality dimension of Neuroticism represents a risk factor for instigating and promoting affective disorders (Lahey, 2009).”

“Emotional stability was a significant predictor for all the measures of mental health problems, which was expected given the large body of research that has shown that this trait is associated with several mental disorders and physical health problems, and that this is not an artefact of the overlapping of some sympto…”

“It came to be seen as redundant and prone to problematic co-occurrence, because all of the PDs are already saturated with neuroticism (Lahey, 2009; Samuel & Widiger, 2008).”

“Neuroticism, usually a health and risk behavior liability (Lahey, 2009), nevertheless may make people susceptible to “fear appeals” (dire warnings) to change behavior (Awagu & Basil, 2016).”

“Lahey BB. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism.”

“Similarly, although neuroticism has been associated with anxiety disorders including OCD,([89]) it has also been associated with a range of other psychiatric disorders.([90]) There may be some differences in personality disorder comorbidity between anxiety disorder and OCD, although again further systemic research is…”

“People high in neuroticism are at greater risk of poor mental and physical health [10] and increased mortality [11].”

“Insights into change in neuroticism and the determinants of change are therefore important (Lahey, 2009) and may lead to new interventions to target vulnerability to mental disorders rather than the manifesta­ tions of those disorders.”

“One well-known transdiagnostic view is the idea that trait neuroticism increases general vulnerability to psychopathology (e.g., Kotov et al., 2010; Lahey, 2009).”

“(Lahey, 2009), including depressive symptoms (e.”

“Research has also shown that, across samples and cultures, negative emotionality is one of the primary factors extracted from individual difference measures of personality ( John et al. 2008, Lahey 2009, Markon et al. 2005).”

“For example, childhood trauma and adversity (King et al. 1999 ; Iversen et al. 2007), neuroticism (Miller et al. 2004 ; Rubin et al. 2008 ; Lahey, 2009), worries about families and civilian life while deployed (Vogt et al. 2005), subsequent life stressors (King et al. 1998 ; Dirkzwager et al. 2003…”

“…study we asked if perceived social support, a resource for coping with adversity, moderates the link between amygdala reactivity to threat-related cues and the expression of trait anxiety, a well-established personality risk factor for psychopathology (Kendler, Kuhn, & Prescott, 2004; Lahey, 2009).”

“This is quite sensible as personality is known to relate with a wide variety of life outcomes (Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006) and has great public health significance in its own right (Hengartner, 2015; Lahey, 2009).”

“The FFM domains and traits have been shown to be useful in predicting a substantial number of important life outcomes, both positive and negative, such as subjective well-being, social acceptance, relationship conflict, marital status, academic success, criminality, unemployment, physical health, mental health, job sa…”

“Emotional disorders are the most common psychological disorders and are associated with significant impairment across all areas of life, as well as substantial direct and indirect costs (Kessler, Petukhova, Sampson, Zaslavsky, & Wittchen, 2012; Lahey, 2009; Mojtabai et al., 2015).”

“Tendencies to experience negative emotionality (e.g., anxiety, depression, and emotional volatility) are a robust predictor of mental and physical health problems (Lahey 2009) thus reduced vulnerability is reflected in the lower scores seen in microdosers.”

“sitivity, as well as mental and physical disorders [2].”

“Joining the list of prime predictors of depression or moderators of the stress–depression link, neuroticism is a core human trait reflecting the tendency to interpret the world as dangerous and threatening, coupled with negative emotional reactions in response to stress [38] and is highly predictive of mood and anxiet…”

“…a substantial number of important life outcomes, both positive and negative, such as subjective well-being, social acceptance, relationship conflict, criminality, unemployment, physical health, mortality, and occupational satisfaction (John et al., 2008; Lahey, 2009; Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006).”

“For example, the trait of neuroticism is associated with a spectrum of internalizing clinical disorders such as depression, anxiety, anorexia, panic disorders, and phobias (Clark, Watson, & Mineka, 1994; Hettema, Neale, Myers, Prescott, & Kendler, 2006; Lahey, 2009).”

“Additionally, a number of longitudinal studies have controlled for the periodic occurrence of anxious or depressive symptoms and still found neuroticism to act independently in predicting anxiety and mood (Lahey, 2009; Spijker, 2007).”

“High neuroticism is prospectively associated with psychopathology (Ormel et al. 2004b ; Malouff et al. 2005; Lahey, 2009) and life-course outcomes across multiple domains, for example occupational attainment, divorce and mortality (Roberts et al. 2007).”

“This likely underestimates the impact of psychopathology (Lahey, 2009; Ruscio, 2019).”

“The only exception to this distinct alignment was a relationship of Neuroticism with social impairment, albeit this is consistent with previous research and expectations (Lahey, 2009).”

“Linking this research to health, individuals high in neuroticism are known to be at greater risk of inflammation-related diseases including depression, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome, compared to their lowneuroticism counterparts (Lahey, 2009).”

“…U niversity of G lasgow on June 29, 2015 http://hum upd.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from physiology and health, but the data suggest it does (Lahey, 2009) and it could therefore be of clinical importance to infertility patients, as well as of psychological significance to their treatment…”

“Consistent with research that names a neurotic personality style as a risk factor for multiple different mental disorders (Kendler, Gatz, Gardner, & Pedersen, 2006; Lahey, 2009), we found that Study members who showed little evidence of strong negative emotions in childhood were more likely to experience enduring ment…”

“Either the relation between personality and postoperative weight changes is mediated by postoperative eating behaviour or specific personality traits independently predict postoperative weight outcome because they predispose to elevated stress levels [80,81] which in turn have been shown to have a negative effect on m…”

“There is a weight of evidence linking Neuroticism in particular with risk of psychological distress, somatic complaints and poorer perceived health (Charles, Gatz, Kato, & Pedersen, 2008; Costa & McCrae, 1987; Jerram & Coleman, 1999; Lahey, 2009; Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006; Roberts et al., 2007).”