Parallel incentive processing: an integrated view of amygdala function
Abstract
The amygdala is a heterogeneous structure that has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, most notably in fear conditioning. From this research, an influential serial model of amygdala processes has emerged in which aversive learning is mediated by the amygdala basolateral nucleus whereas performance, in this case of various defensive reflexes, is mediated by the central nucleus. By contrast, recent evidence from appetitive conditioning studies suggests that the basolateral and central nuclei operate in parallel to mediate distinct incentive processes: the basolateral nucleus encodes emotional events with reference to their particular sensory-specific features, whereas the central nucleus encodes their more general motivational or affective significance. Given that there is little if any direct behavioral evidence for the serial model, we suggest that more attention should be given to the claims of the parallel view.
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The CeA could orchestrate appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli with different valences.
“In particular, given its access to primary sensory information, the CeA could orchestrate appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli with different valences [88,93].”
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The data support a parallel model whereby, via distinct outputs to the DMS, the amygdala actively gates the nature of learning to regulate the balance of behavioral control strategies.
“The data support a parallel model53 whereby, via distinct outputs to the DMS, the amygdala actively gates the nature of learning to regulate the balance of behavioral control strategies.”
From A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Balleine, B. W., & Killcross, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Balleine, Bernard W.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 272-279
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145286440
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (NIH 56446)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- amygdala, parallel computing, serial model, basolateral amygdala, central amygdala, incentive processing, appetitive conditioning, fear conditioning, aversive learning, emotional meaning, defensive reflex
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Association Learning, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Conditioning, Operant, Humans, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Reward
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