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Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition
Abstract
Expertise with unfamiliar objects ('greebles') recruits face-selective areas in the fusiform gyrus (FFA) and occipital lobe (OFA). Here we extend this finding to other homogeneous categories. Bird and car experts were tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging during tasks with faces, familiar objects, cars and birds. Homogeneous categories activated the FFA more than familiar objects. Moreover, the right FFA and OFA showed significant expertise effects. An independent behavioral test of expertise predicted relative activation in the right FFA for birds versus cars within each group. The results suggest that level of categorization and expertise, rather than superficial properties of objects, determine the specialization of the FFA.
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“However, this process may nevertheless be deployed (and, thus, the FFA activated) for the purpose of individuating members of other homogenous categories, as occurs when perceivers acquire unusual visual expertise (e.g., avid bird watchers; Gauthier et al. 2000).”
From Activity in Right Temporo-Parietal Junction is Not Selective for Theory-of-Mind (2008) · cites this paper as Gauthier et al. 2000
In the citing paper
“As reported by Kanwisher [2000], Gauthier et al. [2000] were able to identify an FFA in only 5 of 19 participants when using the criteria adopted by the Kanwisher group forfunctionally defining this region.”
From Activity in Right Temporo-Parietal Junction is Not Selective for Theory-of-Mind (2008) · cites this paper as Gauthier et al. [2000]
In the citing paper
“These processing benefits are linked to functional reorganizations in the response properties of a region of the right fusiform gyrus [32], which are also associated with changes in the response properties of ERPs recorded within the first 200 ms of processing stimuli [33].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [32]
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BackgroundInfluentialDevelopment of face-sensitive event-related potentials during infancy: a review
de Haan, M., Johnson, M. H., & Halit, H. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00152-1 · Cited by 343
“Evidence to support this view comes 190 from studies showing that effects similar to those 191 previously thought to be specific to faces can be 192 obtained for other categories for which participants 193 show expertise (Gauthier et al., 1999, 2000; Tarr 194 and Gauthier, 2000).”
BackgroundNatural Scene Categories Revealed in Distributed Patterns of Activity in the Human Brain
Walther, D. B., Caddigan, E., Fei-Fei, L., & Beck, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0559-09.2009 · Cited by 336
“, 1997), the FFA has also been reported to be activated for other kinds of objects (GrillSpector et al., 1999; Gauthier et al., 2000; Tarr and Gauthier, 2000; Haxby et al., 2001).”
BackgroundA meta-analysis and review of holistic face processing.
Richler, J. J., & Gauthier, I. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037004 · Cited by 340
“…are typically obtained with nonface objects of expertise, and objects of expertise can recruit the FFA (Bilalíc, Langner, Ulrich, & Grodd, 2011; Gauthier et al., 2003, 2000; Gauthier, Tarr, Anderson, Skudlarski, & Gore, 1999; McGugin, Gatenby, et al., 2012; Y. K. Wong, Folstein, & Gauthier,…”
Halit, H., de Haan, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00076-4 · Cited by 338
“…view has been obtained from behavioral and neuroimaging studies showing that effects previously thought to be specific to faces can also be obtained with other categories for which participants show expertise (Gauthier et al 1999; Gauthier et al 2000; Tarr and Gauthier 2000; Rossion et al 2002).”
BackgroundHopkins, I. M., Gower, M. W., Perez, T. A., Smith, D. S., Amthor, F. R., Wimsatt, F. C., & Biasini, F. J. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1179-z · Cited by 368
“Previous research has highlighted the role of exposure to faces in the development of face processing and its underlying mechanisms (Gauthier et al. 2000).”
BackgroundBeyond faces and modularity: the power of an expertise framework
Bukach, C. M., Gauthier, L., & Tarr, M. J. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.004 · Cited by 349
Neural Representations of Faces and Body Parts in Macaque and Human Cortex: A Comparative fMRI Study
Pinsk, M. A., Arcaro, M. J., Weiner, K. S., Kalkus, J. F., Inati, S., Gross, C. G., & Kästner, S. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.91198.2008 · Cited by 343
What can Functional Neuroimaging Tell the Experimental Psychologist?
Henson, R. (2005) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980443000502 · Cited by 327
Palmeri, T. J., & Gauthier, L. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1364 · Cited by 348
“In an fMRI study in which car or bird experts selectively attended to the identity or the location of faces, birds or car”
BackgroundExpert face processing requires visual input to the right hemisphere during infancy
Grand, R. L., Mondloch, C. J., Maurer, D. M., & Brent, H. P. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1121 · Cited by 323
“For example, it may be a prerequisite for the development of later expertise in differentiating among individual members of other homogeneous classes such as car experts' ability to differentiate among similarly shaped car”
BackgroundGeorge, N., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0769 · Cited by 343
“More recently, it has been shown that the fusiform response can be sensitive to recognition of individuals (Gauthier et al., 2000, 1999; George et al., 1999; Sergent et al., 1994, 1992), and is stronger for attended faces (Wojciulik et al., 1998).”
BackgroundPartially Distributed Representations of Objects and Faces in Ventral Temporal Cortex
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F., Abdi, H., & Haxby, J. V. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053467550 · Cited by 325
“Neuroimaging studies of ventral temporal (VT) cortex responses to objects have concluded variously in favor of modular (Spiridon & Kanwisher, 2002; Kanwisher, McDermott, & Chun, 1997), distributed (Carlson, Schrater, & He, 2003; Cox & Savoy, 2003; Haxby et al., 2001), and process-based ( Gauthier, Skudlarski, Gore, &…”
BackgroundInteraction of Face and Voice Areas during Speaker Recognition
von Kriegstein, K., Kleinschmidt, A. K., Sterzer, P., & Giraud, A. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053279577 · Cited by 327
“As effects of familiarity and expertise have been observed in the FFA ( Gauthier, Skudlarski, Gore, & Anderson, 2000; Tarr & Gauthier, 2000), its response to voices of familiar persons could alternatively be seen as a supramodal effect resulting from convergence of inputs from segregated perceptual modules for faces a…”
Can Face Recognition Really be Dissociated from Object Recognition?
Gauthier, L., Behrmann, M., & Tarr, M. J. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563472 · Cited by 324
No face-like processing for objects-of-expertise in three behavioural tasks
Robbins, R. A., & McKone, E. (2006) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.02.008 · Cited by 312
“Cars (Gauthier et al., 2000) Sequential matching d 0 = .57 * d 0 = .84 * — — Birds (Gauthier et al., 2000) Sequential matching d 0 = .05 ns d 0 = .30 ns — — Cars (Xu et al., 2005) Sequential matching 8% À 8% À ns — d 0 = .44 À d 0 = .87 À * — Fingerprints (Busey & Vanderkolk, 2005) Face/print…”
BackgroundResultThe Role of Perceptual Load in Processing Distractor Faces
Lavie, N., Ro, T., & Russell, C. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.03453 · Cited by 313
“5, SEPTEMBER 2003 515 Tarr, 1997) and neural correlates (Gauthier et al., 2000) similar to those found for faces, suggesting that face perception may not be special.”
BackgroundImplicit multisensory associations influence voice recognition
von Kriegstein, K., & Giraud, A.-L. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040326 · Cited by 309
“Voicename association, however, balances voice-face learning, because matching names with voices is about as frequent in everyday life as matching faces with voices, and it additionally controls for familiarization with voices throughout the experiment and potential expertise effects [26,27].”
BackgroundA role for left temporal pole in the retrieval of words for unique entities
Grabowski, T. J., Damásio, H., Tranel, D., Ponto, L. L. B., Hichwa, R. D., & Damásio, A. R. (2001) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.1033 · Cited by 314
The development of face expertise
Gauthier, L., & Nelson, C. A. (2001) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00200-2 · Cited by 307
Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity and behavior.
Gauthier, L., & Tarr, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.28.2.431 · Cited by 302
Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis
Lozier, L. M., VanMeter, J. W., & Marsh, A. A. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000479 · Cited by 323
Metadata
- Authors
- Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-197
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2126883639
- Cited by
- 1,418
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 28.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01mh056037-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 56037)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 33332, R01NS033332)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- face recognition (cognition), fusiform gyrus, occipital face area, Greebles, face-selective areas, right hemisphere, object recognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Automobiles, Birds, Brain Mapping, Data Display, Face, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Occipital Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Professional Competence, Task Performance and Analysis, Temporal Lobe
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