Cited by 329Circadian rhythm and melatoninGenetic Associations and EpidemiologySleep and related disorders

GWAS of 89,283 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with self-reporting of being a morning person

Open access
Hu, Youna, Shmygelska, Alena, Tran, David, Eriksson, Nicholas, Tung, Joyce Y., Hinds, David A.·2016·Nature Communications

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are a nearly universal feature of living organisms and affect almost every biological process. Our innate preference for mornings or evenings is determined by the phase of our circadian rhythms. We conduct a genome-wide association analysis of self-reported morningness, followed by analyses of biological pathways and related phenotypes. We identify 15 significantly associated loci, including seven near established circadian genes (rs12736689 near RGS16, P=7.0 × 10(-18); rs9479402 near VIP, P=3.9 × 10(-11); rs55694368 near PER2, P=2.6 × 10(-9); rs35833281 near HCRTR2, P=3.7 × 10(-9); rs11545787 near RASD1, P=1.4 × 10(-8); rs11121022 near PER3, P=2.0 × 10(-8); rs9565309 near FBXL3, P=3.5 × 10(-8). Circadian and phototransduction pathways are enriched in our results. Morningness is associated with insomnia and other sleep phenotypes; and is associated with body mass index and depression but we did not find evidence for a causal relationship in our Mendelian randomization analysis. Our findings reinforce current understanding of circadian biology and will guide future studies.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ncomms10448

Cites

68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Genome-wide association studies using questionnaire-based chronotype evaluations have characterized important polymorphisms in regions containing known clock genes as well as other loci.

    “More recently, genome-wide association studies that used questionnaire-based evaluations of individual chronotypes have characterized important polymorphisms in regions containing known clock genes as well as other loci (40–43).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Jones S. E. et al. The genetics of sleep patterns and their relationship with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A UK Biobank study http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/031369 (2015). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hu, Y., Shmygelska, A., Tran, D., Eriksson, N., Tung, J. Y., & Hinds, D. A.
Affiliations
23andMe (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
  • Hu, Youna
  • Hinds, David A.
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2016-02-02
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
10448-10448
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2271135623
Cited by
321
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 29
FWCI
33.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r44hg006981-03)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (R44-HG006981)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
morningness, circadian rhythm, chronotype, circadian genes, Per2, Per3, RASD1, VIP, hypocretin receptor 2, FBXL3, phototransduction, insomnia, sleep phenotypes, body mass index, depression, genetic variants
MeSH terms
Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Depression, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Genetic Variation, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Body Mass Index, ras Proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RGS Proteins, F-Box Proteins, Genome-Wide Association Study, Period Circadian Proteins, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Orexin Receptors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review