3D multifunctional integumentary membranes for spatiotemporal cardiac measurements and stimulation across the entire epicardium
Open accessAbstract
Means for high-density multiparametric physiological mapping and stimulation are critically important in both basic and clinical cardiology. Current conformal electronic systems are essentially 2D sheets, which cannot cover the full epicardial surface or maintain reliable contact for chronic use without sutures or adhesives. Here we create 3D elastic membranes shaped precisely to match the epicardium of the heart via the use of 3D printing, as a platform for deformable arrays of multifunctional sensors, electronic and optoelectronic components. Such integumentary devices completely envelop the heart, in a form-fitting manner, and possess inherent elasticity, providing a mechanically stable biotic/abiotic interface during normal cardiac cycles. Component examples range from actuators for electrical, thermal and optical stimulation, to sensors for pH, temperature and mechanical strain. The semiconductor materials include silicon, gallium arsenide and gallium nitride, co-integrated with metals, metal oxides and polymers, to provide these and other operational capabilities. Ex vivo physiological experiments demonstrate various functions and methodological possibilities for cardiac research and therapy. Tools for cardiac physiological mapping are important for basic and clinical cardiac research. Here the authors use 3D printing to create a thin, elastic silicone sheath that fits tightly around the entire epicardium and contains sensors to measure a variety of physiological parameters of the beating heart ex vivo.
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Resistive metallic temperature sensors and thermistors are the most commonly used sensors in flexible thermal electronics.
“Resistive metallic temperature sensors[207] and thermistors[208] are the most commonly used sensors in flexible thermal electronics.”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [207]
The Design and fabrication section identifies gold serpentine resistors as temperature sensors, and Spatiotemporal cardiac measurements and stimulation explains that their resistance changes with temperature. This supports the cited example of a metallic resistive temperature sensor, but the paper does not establish that such sensors are among the most commonly used in flexible thermal electronics. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Xu, L., Gutbrod, S. R., Bonifas, A. P., Su, Y., Sulkin, M. S., Lu, N., Chung, H.-J., Jang, K.-I., Liu, Z., Ying, M., Lu, C., Webb, R. C., Kim, J.-S., Laughner, J. I., Cheng, H., Liu, Y., Ameen, A., Jeong, J.-W., Kim, G.-T., Huang, Y., Efimov, I. R., & Rogers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Efimov, Igor R.
- Rogers, John A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-02-25
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3329-3329
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4521772
- OpenAlex
- W2120082103
- Semantic Scholar
- 2367306e95d1308aa8bd50959d812c34c4d2b1b5
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 16
- FWCI
- 27.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- KAIST Institutional Repository (KAIST) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1144245, DGE‐1 144 245)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- China Scholarship Council
- National Institutes of Health (1144245)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (DGE-1144245)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL115415, R21HL112278, R01HL114395)
- Division of Materials Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- 3D-printed membranes, cardiac stimulation, 3D printing, optoelectronic components, gallium nitride, GaAs, strain sensors, pH sensor, temperature sensors, actuators, biotic-abiotic interface, wearable electronics
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Electrocardiography, Electrodes, Heart, Heart Conduction System, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Membranes, Artificial, Models, Cardiovascular, Pericardium, Rabbits, Semiconductors, Silicones, Temperature, Reproducibility of Results, Elastomers, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac, Epicardial Mapping, In Vitro Techniques
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