Cited by 574Circadian rhythm and melatoninMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerPancreatic function and diabetes

Cryptochrome mediates circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and hepatic gluconeogenesis

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Zhang, Eric E, Liu, Yi, Dentin, Renaud, Pongsawakul, Pagkapol Y, Liu, Andrew C, Hirota, Tsuyoshi, Nusinow, Dmitri A, Sun, Xiujie +5 more·2010·Nature Medicine

Abstract

During fasting, mammals maintain normal glucose homeostasis by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Elevations in circulating glucagon and epinephrine, two hormones that activate hepatic gluconeogenesis, trigger the cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and dephosphorylation of the Creb-regulated transcription coactivator-2 (Crtc2)--two key transcriptional regulators of this process. Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, hepatic gluconeogenesis is also regulated by the circadian clock, which coordinates glucose metabolism with changes in the external environment. Circadian control of gene expression is achieved by two transcriptional activators, Clock and Bmal1, which stimulate cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) and Period (Per1, Per2 and Per3) repressors that feed back on Clock-Bmal1 activity. Here we show that Creb activity during fasting is modulated by Cry1 and Cry2, which are rhythmically expressed in the liver. Cry1 expression was elevated during the night-day transition, when it reduced fasting gluconeogenic gene expression by blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and in the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of Creb. In biochemical reconstitution studies, we found that Cry1 inhibited accumulation of cAMP in response to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation but not to forskolin, a direct activator of adenyl cyclase. Cry proteins seemed to modulate GPCR activity directly through interaction with G(s)α. As hepatic overexpression of Cry1 lowered blood glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant db/db mice, our results suggest that compounds that enhance cryptochrome activity may provide therapeutic benefit to individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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  • In mice, genetic elimination of Cry increases the expression of genes responsible for hepatic glucogenesis and also raises fasting blood glucose level.

    “In mice, genetic elimination of Cry increases the expression of genes responsible for hepatic glucogenesis and also raises fasting blood glucose level (Zhang et al., 2010).”

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Authors
Zhang, E. E., Liu, Y., Dentin, R., Pongsawakul, P. Y., Liu, A. C., Hirota, T., Nusinow, D. A., Sun, X., Landais, S., Kodama, Y., Brenner, D. A., Montminy, M., & Kay, S. A.
Affiliations
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
  • Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (US)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Montminy, Marc
  • Kay, Steve A
Venue
Nature Medicine
Published
2010-09-19
Volume
16
Issue
10
Pages
1152-1156
ISSN
  • 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-170X
OpenAlex
W1966782228
Cited by
567
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 33
FWCI
14.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH051573)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM074868, GM083585, R01GM041804, F32GM083585)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK083834, R01DK049777, R01DK083834)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Keywords
cryptochrome, circadian clock, hepatic gluconeogenesis, cAMP signaling, CREB phosphorylation, CRTC2, glucagon, protein kinase A, Gsα, G protein-coupled receptors, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, db/db mice, liver
MeSH terms
Cyclic AMP, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Circadian Rhythm, Gluconeogenesis, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Signal Transduction, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Cryptochromes

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