Localized microstimulation of primate pregenual cingulate cortex induces negative decision-making
Open accessAbstract
The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) has been implicated in human anxiety disorders and depression, but the circuit-level mechanisms underlying these disorders are unclear. In healthy individuals, the pACC is involved in cost-benefit evaluation. We developed a macaque version of an approach-avoidance decision task used to evaluate anxiety and depression in humans and, with multi-electrode recording and cortical microstimulation, we probed pACC function as monkeys performed this task. We found that the macaque pACC has an opponent process-like organization of neurons representing motivationally positive and negative subjective value. Spatial distribution of these two neuronal populations overlapped in the pACC, except in one subzone, where neurons with negative coding were more numerous. Notably, microstimulation in this subzone, but not elsewhere in the pACC, increased negative decision-making, and this negative biasing was blocked by anti-anxiety drug treatment. This cortical zone could be critical for regulating negative emotional valence and anxiety in decision-making.
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Altered action-outcome learning and expression could play an important role in modulating actions in response to varying reward and punishment in an approach-avoidance task, and hence underlie the reported negative biases.
“If these same regions also process action-outcome information in the punishment domain as suggested by [39], at least for pgACC, then altered action-outcome learning and expression could likely play an important role in modulating one's actions in response to varying reward and punishment in an approach-avoidance task, and hence underlie the reported negative biases.”
From Prefrontal cortex and depression (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
A region bordering area 32 within the pgACC of macaques is implicated in negative bias in decision making.
“A region bordering area 32 within the pgACC of macaques [39] has also been implicated in negative bias in decision making using a task subsequently adapted to assess negative biases in MDD [42].”
From Prefrontal cortex and depression (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Amemori, K.-I., & Graybiel, A. M.
- Affiliations
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graybiel, Ann M
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-04-08
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 776-785
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC3369110
- OpenAlex
- W1554976547
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PMC
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS025529)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, subjective value, anxiety, depression, macaque, cost-benefit analysis, emotional valence
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Avoidance Learning, Brain Mapping, Cues, Decision Making, Diazepam, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurons, Reaction Time, Reward, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Logistic Models, Nonlinear Dynamics
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