Prefrontal entrainment of amygdala activity signals safety in learned fear and innate anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Successfully differentiating safety from danger is an essential skill for survival. While decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is associated with fear generalization in animals and humans, the circuit-level mechanisms used by the mPFC to discern safety are not clear. To answer this question, we recorded activity in the mPFC, basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal and ventral hippocampus in mice during exposure to learned (differential fear conditioning) and innate (open field) anxiety. We found increased synchrony between the mPFC and BLA in the theta frequency range (4-12 Hz) only in animals that differentiated between averseness and safety. Moreover, during recognized safety across learned and innate protocols, BLA firing became entrained to theta input from the mPFC. These data suggest that selective tuning of BLA firing to mPFC input provides a safety-signaling mechanism whereby the mPFC taps into the microcircuitry of the amygdala to diminish fear.
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The amygdala also regulates anxiety.
“In addition to a role in fear and threat conditioning, the amygdala also regulates anxiety.”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Likhtik et al., 2014
The neural systems implicated in anxiety by rodent studies are consistent with those identified in human patients.
“This contrast notwithstanding, the neural systems implicated in anxiety by rodent studies are consistent with those identified in human patients26-34, underscoring the utility and translatability of these rodent studies.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [32]
BLA field potentials and spike activity are entrained to the mPFC theta rhythm during periods of perceived safety.
“BLA field potentials and spike activity are entrained to the mPFC theta rhythm during periods of perceived safety (for example, when mice enter the relative safety of the periphery of the open field32).”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Likhtik, E., Stujenske, J. M., A Topiwala, M., Harris, A. Z., & Gordon, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Joshua A
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-11-17
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-113
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC4035371
- OpenAlex
- W1997603362
- Cited by
- 577
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 20
- FWCI
- 17.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH096891, F32MH088103, R01MH081968, T32MH015144)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, theta oscillations, neuronal synchronization, fear conditioning, fear extinction, fear generalization, differential fear conditioning, neural entrainment
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Conditioning, Classical, Discrimination, Psychological, Disease Models, Animal, Electroencephalography, Exploratory Behavior, Fear, Food Deprivation, Generalization, Psychological, Hippocampus, Male, Neural Pathways, Theta Rhythm, Prefrontal Cortex, Statistics, Nonparametric, Mice
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