Cited by 850Autophagy in Disease and TherapyUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysCalcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism

Pharmacological modulation of autophagy: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles

Open access
Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Bravo-San Pedro, José Manuel, Levine, Beth, Green, Douglas R., Kroemer, Guido·2017·Nature Reviews Drug Discovery

Abstract

Autophagy is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological and pathological situations. Accordingly, alterations in autophagy have been linked to clinically relevant conditions as diverse as cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiac disorders. Throughout the past decade, autophagy has attracted considerable attention as a target for the development of novel therapeutics. However, such efforts have not yet generated clinically viable interventions. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators, analyse the obstacles that have limited their development and propose strategies that may unlock the full therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation in the clinic.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrd.2017.22

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  • Endogenous defects in autophagy are associated with embryonic lethality, developmental defects, and multiple pathological disorders including neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders.

    “and permanent or transient endogenous defects in autophagy have been associated with embryonic lethality, developmental defects, and multiple pathological disorders, including (but not limited to) neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders [812–817].”
  • mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin, rapamycin analogues and mTORC1 kinase inhibitors are widely used as immunosuppressive agents in clinical settings.

    “mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, rapamycin analogues and mTORC1 kinase inhibitors, are already widely used as immunosuppressive agents in clinical settings18.”

    From Autophagy in kidney homeostasis and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [18]

  • The list of chemical activators of autophagy includes mTOR inhibitors and mTOR-independent agents.

    “The expanding list of chemical activators of autophagy includes mTOR inhibitors and mTOR-independent agents18,29,36,192.”

    From Autophagy in kidney homeostasis and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors
Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Levine, B., Green, D. R., & Kroemer, G.
Affiliations
  • Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author
Galluzzi, Lorenzo
Venue
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Published
2017-05-19
Volume
16
Issue
7
Pages
487-511
ISSN
  • 1474-1776 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1784
OpenAlex
W2615994102
Cited by
842
References
307
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 30
FWCI
12.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA109618)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI109725)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
Keywords
autophagy, autophagy modulators, drug development, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, homeostasis, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Animals, Autophagy, Heart Diseases, Humans, Neoplasms, Drug Design, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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