Pro-cognitive properties of T cells
Open accessAbstract
Interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system have been studied primarily in the context of pathology, popularizing the view that interplay between these two systems is inherently detrimental. However, recent experimental data have demonstrated productive neuroimmune interactions that occur under normal physiological conditions. In this Essay, we outline our current understanding of contemporary neuroimmunology, describe a working model of T cell function in support of learning and memory, and offer ideas regarding the selective advantages of immune-mediated effects on brain function.
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Functional immune cells can enter the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, choroid plexus, and lymphatic vessels and have been described beyond neuropathological conditions.
“However, the idea that the CNS is an immune privileged organ has been reconsidered, as the functional immune cells can enter the CNS through the BBB, the choroid plexus, and the lymphatic vessels and have been described beyond neuropathological conditions (26, 35–47).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
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- [42]Kivisakk P Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: meningeal antigen-presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Ann. Neurol 2009 65 457 469 18496841 PMC3305810
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- Authors
- Kipnis, J., Gadani, S., & Derecki, N. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kipnis, Jonathan
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2012-08-20
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 663-669
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC4032225
- OpenAlex
- W2042427055
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Hartwell Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG034113, R01AG034113, R37AG034113)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- neuroimmunology, T cells, IL-4, learning and memory, neuroimmune interactions, central nervous system, T cell function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Learning, Neurons, T-Lymphocytes, Neuroimmunomodulation, Cytokines, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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