Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

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The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination

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Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm

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Targeting Recovery: Priorities of the Spinal Cord-Injured Population

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Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain

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Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

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High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia

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Thrombospondins are astrocyte-secreted proteins that promote CNS synaptogenesis

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Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway

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Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease

Burda, J. E., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.034 · Cited by 1,431 · see citing works

Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation

Sofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3898 · Cited by 1,202 · see citing works

Dynamic Sensorimotor Interactions in Locomotion

Rossignol, S., Dubuc, R., & Gossard, J.-P. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2005 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works

The injured spinal cord spontaneously forms a new intraspinal circuit in adult rats

Bareyre, F. M., Kerschensteiner, M., Raineteau, O., Mettenleiter, T. C., Weinmann, O., & Schwab, M. E. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1195 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works

Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury

Wagner, F. B., Mignardot, J.-B., Le Goff-Mignardot, C. G., Demesmaeker, R., Komi, S., Capogrosso, M., Rowald, A., Seáñez, I., Caban, M., Pirondini, E., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0649-2 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works

Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces

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PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons

Liu, K., Lü, Y., Lee, J. K., Samara, R. F., Willenberg, R., Sears‐Kraxberger, I., Tedeschi, A., Park, K. K., Jin, D., Cai, B., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2603 · Cited by 987 · see citing works

Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

Chen, Q., Boire, A., Jin, X., Valiente, M., Er, E. E., Lopez-Soto, A., S. Jacob, L., Patwa, R., Shah, H., Xu, K., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18268 · Cited by 969 · see citing works

STAT3 is a Critical Regulator of Astrogliosis and Scar Formation after Spinal Cord Injury

Herrmann, J. E., Imura, T., Song, B., Qi, J., Ao, Y., Nguyen, T. K., Korsak, R. A., Takeda, K., Akira, S., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1709-08.2008 · Cited by 958 · see citing works

Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury

Assinck, P., Duncan, G. J., Hilton, B. J., Plemel, J. R., & Tetzlaff, W. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4541 · Cited by 941 · see citing works

Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia

Bouton, C. E., Shaikhouni, A., Annetta, N. V., Bockbrader, M. A., Friedenberg, D. A., Nielson, D. M., Sharma, G., Sederberg, P. B., Glenn, B. C., Mysiw, W. J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17435 · Cited by 924 · see citing works

Biological Pattern Generation: The Cellular and Computational Logic of Networks in Motion

Grillner, S. E. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.008 · Cited by 920 · see citing works

Long-Distance Growth and Connectivity of Neural Stem Cells after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Lu, P., Wang, Y., Graham, L., McHale, K., Gao, M., Wu, D., Brock, J., Blesch, A., Rosenzweig, E. S., Havton, L. A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.020 · Cited by 897 · see citing works

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials

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Neural stem cells constitutively secrete neurotrophic factors and promote extensive host axonal growth after spinal cord injury

Lu, P., Jones, L. L., Snyder, E. Y., & Tuszynski, M. H. (2003) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00037-2 · Cited by 869 · see citing works

LOCOMOTOR CIRCUITS IN THE MAMMALIAN SPINAL CORD

Kiehn, O. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112910 · Cited by 868 · see citing works

Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: a proof-of-concept demonstration

Ajiboye, A. B., Willett, F. R., Young, D. R., Memberg, W. D., Murphy, B. A., Miller, J. P., Walter, B. L., Sweet, J. A., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30601-3 · Cited by 862 · see citing works

A Pericyte Origin of Spinal Cord Scar Tissue

Göritz, C., Dias, D. O., Tomilin, N., Barbacid, M., Shupliakov, O., & Frisén, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1203165 · Cited by 858 · see citing works

The cellular inflammatory response in human spinal cords after injury

Fleming, J. C., Norenberg, M. D., Ramsay, D. A., Dekaban, G. A., Marcillo, A. E., Saenz, A. D., Pasquale-Styles, M., Dietrich, W. D., & Weaver, L. C. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl296 · Cited by 847 · see citing works

Plasticity of motor systems after incomplete spinal cord injury

Raineteau, O., & Schwab, M. E. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35067570 · Cited by 804 · see citing works

Restoring Voluntary Control of Locomotion after Paralyzing Spinal Cord Injury

van den Brand, R., Heutschi, J., Barraud, Q., DiGiovanna, J., Bartholdi, K., Huerlimann, M., Friedli, L., Vollenweider, I., Moraud, E. M., Duis, S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1217416 · Cited by 767 · see citing works

Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors

Allen, N. J., Bennett, M. L., Foo, L. C., Wang, G. X., Chakraborty, C., Smith, S. J., & Barres, B. A. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11059 · Cited by 764 · see citing works

Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3

Sun, F., Park, K. K., Belin, S., Wang, D., Lu, T., Chen, G., Zhang, K., Yeung, C., Feng, G., Yankner, B. A., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10594 · Cited by 754 · see citing works

Altering spinal cord excitability enables voluntary movements after chronic complete paralysis in humans

Angeli, C. A., Edgerton, V. R., Gerasimenko, Y. P., & Harkema, S. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu038 · Cited by 750 · see citing works

Materials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses

Lacour, S. P., Courtine, G., & Guck, J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.63 · Cited by 738 · see citing works

National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical CenterPreprint

Chen, Y. (2018) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/np24c · Cited by 732 · see citing works

Recovery of supraspinal control of stepping via indirect propriospinal relay connections after spinal cord injury

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cAMP and Schwann cells promote axonal growth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Pearse, D. D., Pereira, F. C., Marcillo, A. E., Bates, M. L., Berrocal, Y. A., Filbin, M. T., & Bunge, M. B. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1056 · Cited by 727 · see citing works

Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input

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Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex

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Regeneration of Dorsal Column Fibers into and beyond the Lesion Site following Adult Spinal Cord Injury

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Intrinsic Control of Axon Regeneration

He, Z., & Jin, Y. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.022 · Cited by 652 · see citing works

Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC

Kucukdereli, H., Allen, N. J., Lee, A. T., Feng, A., Ozlu, M. I., Conatser, L. M., Chakraborty, C., Workman, G., Weaver, M., Sage, E. H., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104977108 · Cited by 642 · see citing works

A brain–spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates

Capogrosso, M., Milekovic, T., Borton, D., Wagner, F., Moraud, E. M., Mignardot, J.-B., Buse, N., Gandar, J., Barraud, Q., Xing, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20118 · Cited by 635 · see citing works

The Pathology of Human Spinal Cord Injury: Defining the Problems

Norenberg, M. D., Smith, J., & Marcillo, A. E. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771504323004575 · Cited by 634 · see citing works

Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons

Moritz, C. T., Perlmutter, S. I., & Fetz, E. E. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07418 · Cited by 602 · see citing works

Cell biology of spinal cord injury and repair

O’Shea, T. M., Burda, J. E., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90608 · Cited by 590 · see citing works

Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia

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PLASTICITY OF THE SPINAL NEURAL CIRCUITRY AFTER INJURY

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Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury

Anderson, M. A., O’Shea, T. M., Burda, J. E., Ao, Y., Barlatey, S. L., Bernstein, A. M., Kim, J. H., James, N. D., Rogers, A. D., Kato, B., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0467-6 · Cited by 528 · see citing works

Peripheral injury enhances central regeneration of primary sensory neurones

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Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles

Ethier, C., Oby, E. R., Bauman, M. J., & Miller, L. E. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10987 · Cited by 485 · see citing works

Chondroitinase ABC treatment opens a window of opportunity for task-specific rehabilitation

García‐Alías, G., Barkhuysen, S., Buckle, M., & Fawcett, J. W. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2377 · Cited by 469 · see citing works

Long-term motor cortex plasticity induced by an electronic neural implant

Andrew, J. O., Mavoori, J., & Fetz, E. E. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05226 · Cited by 454 · see citing works

A Computational Model for Epidural Electrical Stimulation of Spinal Sensorimotor Circuits

Capogrosso, M., Wenger, N., Raspopovic, S., Musienko, P., Beauparlant, J., Bassi Luciani, L., Courtine, G., & Micera, S. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1688-13.2013 · Cited by 435 · see citing works

Long-Term Training with a Brain-Machine Interface-Based Gait Protocol Induces Partial Neurological Recovery in Paraplegic Patients

Donati, A. R. C., Shokur, S., Morya, E., Campos, D. S. F., Moioli, R. C., Gitti, C. M., Augusto, P. B., Tripodi, S., Pires, C. G., Pereira, G. A., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30383 · Cited by 428 · see citing works

The diversity and disparity of the glial scar

Adams, K. L., & Gallo, V. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0033-9 · Cited by 423 · see citing works

Recovery of motoneuron and locomotor function after spinal cord injury depends on constitutive activity in 5-HT2C receptors

Murray, K. C., Nakae, A., Stephens, M. J., Rank, M. M., D’Amico, J. M., Harvey, P. J., Li, X., Harris, R. L., Ballou, E. W., Anelli, R., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2160 · Cited by 407 · see citing works

Extensive spontaneous plasticity of corticospinal projections after primate spinal cord injury

Rosenzweig, E. S., Courtine, G., Jindrich, D. L., Brock, J. H., Ferguson, A. R., Strand, S. C., Nout, Y. S., Roy, R. R., Miller, D. M., Beattie, M. S., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2691 · Cited by 401 · see citing works

Spinal cord reconstitution with homologous neural grafts enables robust corticospinal regeneration

Kadoya, K., Lu, P., Nguyen, K., Lee-Kubli, C. A., Kumamaru, H., Yao, L., Knackert, J. A., Poplawski, G. H. D., Dulin, J. N., Strobl, H., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4066 · Cited by 396 · see citing works

A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Introduction, Rationale, and Scope

Fehlings, M. G., Tetreault, L. A., Wilson, J. R., Kwon, B. K., Burns, A. S., Martin, A. R., Hawryluk, G. W. J., & Harrop, J. S. (2017) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/2192568217703387 · Cited by 382 · see citing works

Nogo limits neural plasticity and recovery from injury

Schwab, M. E., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.02.011 · Cited by 379 · see citing works

The perineuronal net and the control of CNS plasticity

Wang, D., & Fawcett, J. (2012) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-012-1375-y · Cited by 373 · see citing works

Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury

Formento, E., Minassian, K., Wagner, F., Mignardot, J. B., Le Goff-Mignardot, C. G., Rowald, A., Bloch, J., Micera, S., Capogrosso, M., & Courtine, G. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0262-6 · Cited by 370 · see citing works

Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies engaging muscle synergies improve motor control after spinal cord injury

Wenger, N., Moraud, E. M., Gandar, J., Musienko, P., Capogrosso, M., Baud, L., Le Goff, C. G., Barraud, Q., Pavlova, N., Dominici, N., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4025 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Full-length axon regeneration in the adult mouse optic nerve and partial recovery of simple visual behaviors

de Lima, S., Koriyama, Y., Kurimoto, T., Oliveira, J. T., Yin, Y., Li, Y., Gilbert, H.-Y., Fagiolini, M., Martinez, A. M. B., & Benowitz, L. I. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1119449109 · Cited by 361 · see citing works

Dissecting spinal cord regeneration

Sofroniew, M. V. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0068-4 · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Spinal cord repair strategies: why do they work?

Bradbury, E. J., & McMahon, S. B. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1964 · Cited by 352 · see citing works

A Systems-Level Analysis of the Peripheral Nerve Intrinsic Axonal Growth Program

Chandran, V., Coppola, G., Nawabi, H., Omura, T., Versano, R., Huebner, E. A., Zhang, A., Costigan, M., Yekkirala, A. S., Barrett, L. B., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.034 · Cited by 351 · see citing works

Clinical translation of a high-performance neural prosthesis

Gilja, V., Pandarinath, C., Blabe, C. H., Nuyujukian, P., Simeral, J. D., Sarma, A. A., Sorice, B. L., Perge, J. A., Jarosiewicz, B., Hochberg, L. R., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3953 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Restorative effects of human neural stem cell grafts on the primate spinal cord

Rosenzweig, E. S., Brock, J. H., Lu, P., Kumamaru, H., Salegio, E. A., Kadoya, K., Weber, J. L., Liang, J. J., Moseanko, R., Hawbecker, S., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4502 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

IGF-I specifically enhances axon outgrowth of corticospinal motor neurons

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Virtual typing by people with tetraplegia using a self-calibrating intracortical brain-computer interface

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Another Barrier to Regeneration in the CNS: Activated Macrophages Induce Extensive Retraction of Dystrophic Axons through Direct Physical Interactions

Horn, K. P., Busch, S. A., Hawthorne, A. L., van Rooijen, N., & Silver, J. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2488-08.2008 · Cited by 332 · see citing works

Cortico–reticulo–spinal circuit reorganization enables functional recovery after severe spinal cord contusion

Asboth, L., Friedli, L., Beauparlant, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, C., Anil, S., Rey, E., Baud, L., Pidpruzhnykova, G., Anderson, M. A., Shkorbatova, P., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0093-5 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Noninvasive Reactivation of Motor Descending Control after Paralysis

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Muscle Spindle Feedback Directs Locomotor Recovery and Circuit Reorganization after Spinal Cord Injury

Takeoka, A., Vollenweider, I., Courtine, G., & Arber, S. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.019 · Cited by 318 · see citing works

Axon Guidance by Gradients of a Target-Derived Component

Baier, H., & Bonhoeffer, F. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1734526 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials

Minassian, K., Jilge, B., Rattay, F., Pinter, M. M., Binder, H., Gerstenbrand, F., & Dimitrijevic, M. R. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101615 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Concepts and Methods for the Study of Axonal Regeneration in the CNS

Tuszynski, M. H., & Steward, O. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.006 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Neurons derived from transplanted neural stem cells restore disrupted neuronal circuitry in a mouse model of spinal cord injury

Abematsu, M., Tsujimura, K., Yamano, M., Saito, M., Kohno, K., Kohyama, J., Namihira, M., Komiya, S., & Nakashima, K. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42957 · Cited by 301 · see citing works

Short Hairpin RNA against PTEN Enhances Regenerative Growth of Corticospinal Tract Axons after Spinal Cord Injury

Zukor, K., Belin, S., Wang, C., Keelan, N., Wang, X., & He, Z. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2510-13.2013 · Cited by 281 · see citing works

Spontaneous locomotor recovery in spinal cord injured rats is accompanied by anatomical plasticity of reticulospinal fibers

Ballermann, M. A., & Fouad, K. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04726.x · Cited by 280 · see citing works

MRI investigation of the sensorimotor cortex and the corticospinal tract after acute spinal cord injury: a prospective longitudinal study

Freund, P., Weiskopf, N., Ashburner, J., Wolf, K., Sutter, R., Altmann, D. R., Friston, K. J., Thompson, A. J., & Curt, A. E. P. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70146-7 · Cited by 273 · see citing works

Restoration of Visual Function by Enhancing Conduction in Regenerated Axons

Bei, F., Lee, H. H. C., Liu, X., Gunner, G., Jin, H., Ma, L., Wang, C., Hou, L., Hensch, T. K., Frank, E., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.036 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Injury-induced ctgfa directs glial bridging and spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish

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A dual-drug enhanced injectable hydrogel incorporated with neural stem cells for combination therapy in spinal cord injury

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Emerging Roles of Microglia Depletion in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

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Biomimicking 3D soft scaffold combined with electrical stimulation to manipulate neural stem cell differentiation for guidance spinal cord injury repair

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Reprogramming astrocytes to motor neurons by activation of endogenous Ngn2 and Isl1

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Smart nanogels as promising platform for delivery of drug, gene, and vaccine; therapeutic applications and active targeting mechanism

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A study of probable benefit of a bioresorbable polymer scaffold for safety and neurological recovery in patients with complete thoracic spinal cord injury: 6-month results from the INSPIRE study

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Nanoparticles-in-nanofibers composites: Emphasis on some recent biomedical applications

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Is Graphene Shortening the Path toward Spinal Cord Regeneration?

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The evolution of nerve transfers for spinal cord injury

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Hybrid SMART spheroids to enhance stem cell therapy for CNS injuries

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Nanozyme-Integrated Thermoresponsive In Situ Forming Hydrogel Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Paracrine Effect for Efficient Spinal Cord Repair

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Open Challenges and Opportunities in Piezoelectricity for Tissue Regeneration

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Comparison of Regenerative Effects of Transplanting Three-Dimensional Longitudinal Scaffold Loaded-Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Neural Stem Cells on Spinal Cord Completely Transected Rats

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Functional rewiring across spinal injuries via biomimetic nanofiber scaffolds

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Activation of MAP2K signaling by genetic engineering or HF-rTMS promotes corticospinal axon sprouting and functional regeneration

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Inhibition of Brd4 by JQ1 Promotes Functional Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury by Activating Autophagy

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A decellularized spinal cord extracellular matrix-gel/GelMA hydrogel three-dimensional composite scaffold promotes recovery from spinal cord injury via synergism with human menstrual blood-derived stem cells

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Regenerative and Repair Strategies for the Central Nervous System: Progress in Basic and Clinical Research on Spinal Cord Injury

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Spinal Cord Regeneration

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Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

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Emerging strategies for spinal cord injury repair: stem cells, extracellular vesicles, biomaterials, and neuromodulation

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Miracles and molecules—progress in spinal cord repair

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