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Cited by 26Endometriosis Research and TreatmentEndometrial and Cervical Cancer TreatmentsGynecological conditions and treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 210 of the 210 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Real world perspectives on endometriosis disease phenotyping through surgery, omics, health data, and artificial intelligence

Open access
Nezhat, Camran R., Oskotsky, Tomiko T., Robinson, Joshua F., Fisher, Susan J., Tsuei, Angie, Liu, Binya, Irwin, Juan C., Gaudilliere, Brice, Sirota, Marina, Stevenson, David K., Giudice, Linda C.·2025·npj Women s Health
DOI 10.1038/s44294-024-00052-wPMC PMC11802455
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Abstract

Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease whose diagnosis and management are being transformed through innovative surgical, molecular, and computational technologies. Integrating single-cell and other omic disease data with clinical and surgical metadata can identify multiple disease subtypes with translation to novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, we present real-world perspectives on endometriosis and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in informing molecular, epidemiologic, and cell-specific data in the clinical and surgical contexts.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s44294-024-00052-w

Cites

210 of 210 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Figures

Fig. 1 Graphic representation of “genital” and “extragenital” endometriosis. a Genital endometriosis and its subtypes (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe). Depiction of genital endometriosis and its stages used the image of the female reproductive tract from: Cream Cake Diva/getdrawings.com (https://getdrawings.com/get-drawing#external-drawing-21.jpg), adapted and used under the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC 4.0. b Extra genital endometriosis (pelvic and extrapelvic) and subtypes (minimum, mild, moderate, severe). Depiction of extragenital endometriosis adapted the image used under the Shutterstock Standard License [Andrii Bezvershenko/Shutterstock.com (Stock Vector ID: 109207899).
Fig. 1 Graphic representation of “genital” and “extragenital” endometriosis. a Genital endometriosis and its subtypes (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe). Depiction of genital endometriosis and its stages used the image of the female reproductive tract from: Cream Cake Diva/getdrawings.com (https://getdrawings.com/get-drawing#external-drawing-21.jpg), adapted and used under the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC 4.0. b Extra genital endometriosis (pelvic and extrapelvic) and subtypes (minimum, mild, moderate, severe). Depiction of extragenital endometriosis adapted the image used under the Shutterstock Standard License [Andrii Bezvershenko/Shutterstock.com (Stock Vector ID: 109207899).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Examples of superficial endometriosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis identified intraoperatively. a Superficial endometriosis on fallopian tube serosa. b Superficial endometriosis of small bowel serosa. c Superficial endometriosis of the serosa of the bladder. d Deep fibrotic endometriosis encroaching the left utero-vesical junction. Arrows point to the lesions.
Fig. 2 Examples of superficial endometriosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis identified intraoperatively. a Superficial endometriosis on fallopian tube serosa. b Superficial endometriosis of small bowel serosa. c Superficial endometriosis of the serosa of the bladder. d Deep fibrotic endometriosis encroaching the left utero-vesical junction. Arrows point to the lesions.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Photographs of ovarian endometriomas identified intraoperatively. a Type I endometrioma. b Type IIA endometrioma. c Type IIB endometrioma. d Type IIC endometrioma. Black circles around the endometriomas have been drawn on the photographs to highlight the extent of the endometriomas.
Fig. 3 Photographs of ovarian endometriomas identified intraoperatively. a Type I endometrioma. b Type IIA endometrioma. c Type IIB endometrioma. d Type IIC endometrioma. Black circles around the endometriomas have been drawn on the photographs to highlight the extent of the endometriomas.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Examples of histologic and architectural heterogeneity of endometriosis lesions. The broad array of endometriosis lesions resected for research are shown here diagrammatically and histologically (hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. From Fonseca et al.139, with permission.
Fig. 4 Examples of histologic and architectural heterogeneity of endometriosis lesions. The broad array of endometriosis lesions resected for research are shown here diagrammatically and histologically (hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. From Fonseca et al.139, with permission.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Key features of endometriosis lesion types revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The image on the left illustrates the three major lesion types and subtypes (e.g., red lesions, black lesions) revealing their heterogeneity and anatomic locations. Image is from Zondervan et al.6 with permission. On the right are listed key features of endometriosis types (superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE), deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and endometriomas) and how they differ or share features with each other, based on studies on single-cell RNA-seq of lesions and endometrium described in the text.
Fig. 5 Key features of endometriosis lesion types revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The image on the left illustrates the three major lesion types and subtypes (e.g., red lesions, black lesions) revealing their heterogeneity and anatomic locations. Image is from Zondervan et al.6 with permission. On the right are listed key features of endometriosis types (superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE), deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and endometriomas) and how they differ or share features with each other, based on studies on single-cell RNA-seq of lesions and endometrium described in the text.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Burney, R. O. & Giudice, L. C. In Degroot’s Endocrinology (eds. Burney, R. O. et al.) Vol. 18, 2079–2092 (Elesiver, 2022).
  2. Giudice, L. C. Advances in approaches to diagnose endometriosis. Glob Reprod. Health 9, e0074 (2024).
  3. Köhler, G. & Lorenz, G. Zur Korrelation von endoskopischem und histologischem Bild der Endometriose. Endometriose 4, 56–60 (1991).
  4. Nezhat, F., Nezhat, C., Nezhat, C. & Admon, D. A fresh look at ovarian endometriomas. Contemp. Ob. Gyn. 39, 81–94 (1994).
  5. Nezhat, C. R., Nezhat, F. & Nezhat, C. H. Nezhat’s Video-Assisted and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy (Cambridge University Press, 2013).

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Metadata

Authors
Nezhat, C. R., Oskotsky, T. T., Robinson, J. F., Fisher, S. J., Tsuei, A., Liu, B., Irwin, J. C., Gaudilliere, B., Sirota, M., Stevenson, D. K., & Giudice, L. C.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Center for Special Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery (US)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Nezhat, Camran R.
  • Giudice, Linda C.
ORCID
Venue
npj Women s Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-02-06
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
8-8
ISSN
2948-1716 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s44294-024-00052-w
PMC
PMC11802455
OpenAlex
W4407167810
Cited by
25
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 10
FWCI
3.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • npj Women s Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (HD P01 106414)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
Keywords
endometriosis, disease phenotyping, endometriosis subtypes, single-cell omics, surgical data, health data, artificial intelligence, endometriosis diagnosis, multidisciplinary collaboration

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