Endometriosis results from the dislocation of basal endometrium
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The hypothesis is tested that both adenomyotic and endometriotic lesions are derived from basal endometrium. METHODS: Normal uteri and uteri with adenomyosis obtained by hysterectomy, excised endometriotic lesions and menstrual blood of women with and without endometriosis were used. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), progesterone receptor B isoform (PR(B)) and P450 aromatase (P450A) immunohistochemistry was performed with the use of specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: With respect to the parameters studied there was a fundamental difference between the cyclical patterns of the basalis and the functionalis of the eutopic endometrium. The endometrium of endometriotic and adenomyotic lesions mimicked the cyclical pattern of the basalis. The peristromal muscular tissue of endometriotic and adenomyotic lesions displayed the same cyclical pattern of ER and PR expression as the archimyometrium. There was a significantly higher prevalence of fragments of shed basalis in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis than in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ectopic endometrial lesions result from dislocation of basal endometrium. Dislocated basal endometrium has stem cell character resulting in the ectopic formation of all archimetrial components such as epithelial and stromal endometrium as well as peristromal muscular tissue.
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Hyperperistalsis induced by local production of estrogen constitutes a mechanical trauma resulting in increased desquamation of fragments of basal endometrium.
“Hyperperistalsis induced by the local production of estrogen would constitute a mechanical trauma resulting in an increased desquamation of fragments of basal endometrium”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
Pelvic endometriosis results from transtubal dislocation of fragments of basal endometrium.
“it was suggested that pelvic endometriosis results from the transtubal dislocation of fragments of basal endometrium [21].”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
Fragments of basal endometrium are found in the menstrual effluent with a higher prevalence in women with endometriosis than in controls.
“Fragments of basal endometrium were found in the menstrual effluent with a higher prevalence in women with endometriosis than in controls.”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
The basal endometrium in women with endometriosis is twice as thick as in healthy women.
“The basal endometrium in women with endometriosis is twice as thick as in healthy women [21, 33].”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
During a singular phase of first-step injury, transtubal dislocation of fragments of basal endometrium might occur.
“During such a singular phase of ‘first-step’ injury, transtubal dislocation of fragments of basal endometrium might occur.”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
As in healthy women, with progression of the secretory phase, ER and PR expression declined in the functionalis and steadily rose in the basalis as well as in the endometriotic lesions.
“As in healthy women, with the progression of the secretory phase, the ER and PR expression declined in the functionalis and steadily rose in the basalis as well as in the endometriotic lesions [21].”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
Immunohistochemistry has demonstrated a dramatic up-regulation of the estradiol receptor alpha.
“Immunohistochemistry has demonstrated also a dramatic up-regulation of the estradiol receptor alpha [21].”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Leyendecker, G.
- Affiliations
- Klinikum Darmstadt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Leyendecker, G.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-10-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2725-2736
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2157162135
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Keywords
- endometriosis, adenomyosis, ectopic endometrial lesions, endometrial stem cells, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, aromatase, menstrual blood, eutopic endometrium
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Aromatase, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Epithelium, Female, Humans, Hysterectomy, Immunohistochemistry, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation, Middle Aged, Muscle, Smooth, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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