Deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis: histology and clinical significance
Open accessAbstract
In 179 consecutive laparoscopies for infertility (n = 105), pain (n = 60), or both problems (n = 14), endometriosis was diagnosed in 77%, 82%, and 86%, respectively. Eighty implants with positive histology and with careful assessment of depth were sampled by CO2 laser excision from 53 patients. Deep (greater than or equal to 5 mm), intermediate (2 to 4 mm), and superficial (less than 1 mm) infiltration was found in 48%, 35%, and 17% of implants, respectively. Deep infiltration was observed in the pouch of Douglas (55%) and at the uterosacrals (34%), but was absent from the ovarian fossas. Deep implants were found to be active in 68%. At an intermediate depth, however, only 25% of implants were active, whereas 58% of superficial foci showed activity. Deep implants were in phase with the endometrium in 74%. At an intermediate depth, however, only 38% showed regular cyclicity, whereas 57% of superficial implants were in phase with the cycle. Deep infiltration occurred through loose connective tissue septa into the fibromuscular tissue and was always stopped at the underlying fat tissue. Very deep implants (greater than 10 mm) were found exclusively in patients with pain; superficial implants, on the contrary, were found most frequently in patients with infertility (83%).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
DE is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM) and a high degree of fibrotic tissues.
“One feature that DE stands out from other subtypes of endometriosis is its presence of smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM) and its high degree of fibrotic tissues4,15–17”
From Neuropeptides Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Accelerate the Development and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
DE lesions typically have higher fibromuscular content than ovarian endometriomas (OE) lesions.
“DE lesions typically have higher fibromuscular content than that of ovarian endometriomas (OE) lesions, but the underlying reason remains elusive.”
From Neuropeptides Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Accelerate the Development and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Deep endometriosis was described in the early nineties as adenomyosis externa with endometrial glands and stroma in fibromuscular tissue.
“Deep endometriosis was described in the early nineties as adenomyosis externa (11) with endometrial glands and stroma in fibromuscular tissue.”
From Pathogenesis of deep endometriosis (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
Infiltration by endometrial glands and stroma occurs into adjacent fibromuscular tissue along the loose connective tissue and penetration is arrested at the border of the underlying fat tissue.
“Cornillie et al. (11) showed that infiltration by endometrial glands and stroma occurs into adjacent fibromuscular tissue along the loose connective tissue and that penetration is arrested at the border of the underlying fat tissue.”
From Pathogenesis of deep endometriosis (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Nonpigmented endometriosis: Clinical, laparoscopic, and pathologic definition
Jansen, R. P. S., & Russell, P. (1986) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90136-5 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Laparoscopic appearances of peritoneal endometriosis
Martin, D. C., Hubert, G. D., Vander Zwaag, R., & El-Zeky, F. A. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60429-6 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Subtle appearance of pelvic endometriosis
Stripling, M. C., Martin, D. C., Chatman, D. L., Zwaag, R. V., & Poston, W. M. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59767-2 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Vásquez, G., Cornillie, F. J., & Brosens, I. A. (1984) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48193-8 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochemical characterization of peritoneal fluid in women during the menstrual cycle
KONINCKX, P. R., VERHOEVEN, G., VAN BAELEN, H., LISSENS, W. D., DE MOOR, P., & BROSENS, I. A. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-6-1239 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Depth of Infiltration of Endometriosis
Martin, D. C., Hubert, G. D., & Levy, B. S. (1989) · Journal of Gynecologic Surgery · doi:10.1089/gyn.1989.5.55 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The morphologic effect of short-term medical therapy of endometriosis
Brosens, I. A., Verleyen, A., & Cornillie, F. J. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80297-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationExcisional techniques for endometriosis with the CO2 laser laparoscope.
Martin, D. C., & Vander Zwaag, R. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cornillie, F. J., Brosens, I. A., Vásquez, G., & Riphagen, I. J. (1986) · International Journal of Gynecological Pathology · doi:10.1097/00004347-198605020-00001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHistology and ultrastructure of human endometriotic tissues treated with dydrogesterone (Duphaston)
Cornillie, F. J., Puttemans, P., & Brosens, I. A. (1987) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/0028-2243(87)90008-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Response of Human Endometriotic Implants to the Anti-Progesterone Steroid R 2323
Cornillie, F. J., Vásquez, G., & Brosens, I. A. (1985) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(85)80044-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Eskenazi, B., & Warner, M. L. (1997) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70302-8 · Cited by 1,617 · see citing works
Koninckx, P. R., Meuleman, C., Demeyere, S., Lesaffre, E., & Cornillie, F. J. (1991) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54244-7 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Deep Pelvic Endometriosis: MR Imaging for Diagnosis and Prediction of Extension of Disease
Bazot, M., Darai, E., Hourani, R., Thomassin, I., Cortez, A., Uzan, S., & Buy, J.-N. (2004) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2322030762 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Vercellini, P., Fedele, L., Aimi, G., Pietropaolo, G., Consonni, D., & Crosignani, P. G. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del339 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Smolarz, B., Szyłło, K., & Romanowicz, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910554 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Endometriosis and pelvic pain: epidemiological evidence of the relationship and implications
Fauconnier, A., & Chapron, C. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi029 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Deep endometriosis: definition, diagnosis, and treatment
Koninckx, P. R., Ussia, A., Adamyan, L., Wattiez, A., & Donnez, J. (2012) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1061 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Self-citationDeeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution
Chapron, C., Chopin, N., Borghese, B., Foulot, H., Dousset, B., Vacher-Lavenu, M. C., Vieira, M., Hasan, W., & Bricou, A. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del079 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Endometriosis and pelvic pain: relation to disease stage and localization
Vercellini, P., Trespidi, L., De Giorgi, O., Cortesi, I., Parazzini, F., & Crosignani, P. G. (1996) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58089-3 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Oosterlynck, D. J., Cornillie, F. J., Waer, M., Vandeputte, M., & Koninckx, P. R. (1991) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54414-8 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of endometriosis: The genetic/epigenetic theory
Koninckx, P. R., Ussia, A., Adamyan, L., Wattiez, A., Gomel, V., & Martin, D. C. (2019) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.013 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Self-citationTheories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis
Sourial, S., Tempest, N., & Hapangama, D. K. (2014) · International Journal of Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/179515 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Deep infiltrating endometriosis: relation between severity of dysmenorrhoea and extent of disease
Chapron, C. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg152 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Vascular endothelial growth factor and endometriotic angiogenesis
McLaren, J. (2000) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/6.1.45 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Endometriotic disease: the role of peritoneal fluid
Koninckx, P. (1998) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.741 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationStructural and molecular features of the endomyometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis
Benagiano, G., Brosens, I., & Habiba, M. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt052 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of deep endometriosis
Gordts, S., Koninckx, P., & Brosens, I. (2017) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.08.036 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationRich innervation of deep infiltrating endometriosis
Wang, G., Tokushige, N., Markham, R., & Fraser, I. S. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den464 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Duan, J., Liu, X., & Guo, S.-W. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.015 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Peripheral changes in endometriosis-associated pain
Morotti, M., Vincent, K., Brawn, J., Zondervan, K. T., & Becker, C. M. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu021 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Smooth muscles are frequent components of endometriotic lesions
Anaf, V. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.4.767 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Brosens, I., Gordts, S., & Benagiano, G. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det243 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Koninckx, P. R., Meuleman, C., Oosterlynck, D., & Cornillie, F. J. (1996) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58086-8 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationREVIEW: Accuracy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic quantitative review
Wykes, C. B., Clark, T. J., & Khan, K. S. (2004) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00433.x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Endometriosis—A disease because it is characterized by bleeding
Brosens, I. A. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70482-4 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Preferential infiltration of large bowel endometriosis along the nerves of the colon
Anaf, V. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh150 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
KONINCKX, P. R., OOSTERLYNCK, D., D'HOOGHE, T., & MEULEMAN, C. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21763.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationBricou, A., Batt, R. E., & Chapron, C. (2008) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.01.014 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The M2a macrophage subset may be critically involved in the fibrogenesis of endometriosis in mice
Duan, J., Liu, X., Wang, H., & Guo, S.-W. (2018) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.05.017 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Guo, S.-W. (2018) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dey015 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Somigliana, E. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg513 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Koninckx, P. R., Riittinen, L., Seppala, M., & Cornillie, F. J. (1992) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54894-8 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, X., Zhang, Q., & Guo, S.-W. (2018) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719117718275 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Fibrosis and smooth muscle metaplasia in rectovaginal endometriosis
Itoga, T., Matsumoto, T., Takeuchi, H., Yamasaki, S., Sasahara, N., Hoshi, T., & Kinoshita, K. (2003) · Pathology International · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01483.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Abdominal Wall and Surgical Scar Endometriosis: Results of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Balleyguier, C., Chapron, C., Chopin, N., Hélénon, O., & Menu, Y. (2003) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000072078 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Implantation versus infiltration: the Sampson versus the endometriotic disease theory
Koninckx, P. R., Barlow, D., & Kennedy, S. (1999) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000052853 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Is rectovaginal endometriosis a progressive disease?
Fedele, L., Bianchi, S., Zanconato, G., Raffaelli, R., & Berlanda, N. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.104 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Ballard, K., Lane, H., Hudelist, G., Banerjee, S., & Wright, J. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.164 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Role of Laparoscopy in the Chronic Pelvic Pain Patient
HOWARD, F. M. (2003) · Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-200312000-00004 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Yan, D., Liu, X., & Guo, S.-W. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39170-w · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Leonardo-Pinto, J. P., Benetti-Pinto, C. L., Cursino, K., & Yela, D. A. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.02.015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
van Kaam, K. J. A. F., Schouten, J. P., Nap, A. W., Dunselman, G. A. J., & Groothuis, P. G. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den153 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Redefining endometriosis: is deep endometriosis a progressive disease?
Brosens, I. A., & Brosens, J. J. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.1.1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
MRI in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Related Diseases
Kido, A., Himoto, Y., Moribata, Y., Kurata, Y., & Nakamoto, Y. (2022) · Korean Journal of Radiology · doi:10.3348/kjr.2021.0405 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Endometriosis: a life cycle approach?
Brosens, I., Puttemans, P., & Benagiano, G. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Alborzi, S., Zahiri Sorouri, Z., Askari, E., Poordast, T., & Chamanara, K. (2019) · Reproductive Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1002/rmb2.12286 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Role of medical therapy in the management of deep rectovaginal endometriosis
Vercellini, P., Buggio, L., & Somigliana, E. (2017) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.08.038 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bonte, H., Chapron, C., Vieira, M., Fauconnier, A., Barakat, H., Fritel, X., Vacher-Lavenu, M.-C., & Dubuisson, J.-B. (2002) · The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists · doi:10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60530-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Endometriosis and adenomyosis: Similarities and differences
Donnez, J., Stratopoulou, C. A., & Dolmans, M.-M. (2024) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102432 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Résection rectosigmoïdienne pour endométriose profonde : résultats chirurgicaux et fonctionnels
Benbara, A., Fortin, A., Martin, B., Palazzo, L., Le Tohic, A., Madelenat, P., & Yazbeck, C. (2008) · Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité · doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.09.016 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Carrarelli, P., Luddi, A., Funghi, L., Arcuri, F., Batteux, F., Dela Cruz, C., Tosti, C., Reis, F. M., Chapron, C., & Petraglia, F. (2016) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.07.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Spagnolo, E., Zannoni, L., Raimondo, D., Ferrini, G., Mabrouk, M., Benfenati, A., Villa, G., Bertoldo, V., & Seracchioli, R. (2014) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2014.05.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in smooth muscle component of deep infiltrating endometriosis
Noël, J.-C., Chapron, C., Bucella, D., Buxant, F., Peny, M.-O., Fayt, I., Borghese, B., & Anaf, V. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.114 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Risk of appendiceal endometriosis among women with deep‐infiltrating endometriosis
Moulder, J. K., Siedhoff, M. T., Melvin, K. L., Jarvis, E. G., Hobbs, K. A., & Garrett, J. (2017) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.12286 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Appendiceal disease in women with endometriosis and right lower quadrant pain
Harris, R. S., Foster, W. G., Surrey, M. W., & Agarwal, S. K. (2001) · The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists · doi:10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60617-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A comparative study of ovarian and pelvic wall-infiltrating endometriosis
Khare, V. K., Martin, D. C., & Eltorky, M. (1996) · The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists · doi:10.1016/s1074-3804(96)80006-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Poupon, C., Owen, C., Arfi, A., Cohen, J., Bendifallah, S., & Daraï, E. (2019) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X · doi:10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100028 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Epidemiology of subtle, typical, cystic, and deep endometriosis: a systematic review
Koninckx, P. R., Ussia, A., Keckstein, J., Wattiez, A., & Adamyan, L. (2016) · Gynecological Surgery · doi:10.1007/s10397-016-0970-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep endometriosis: The place of laparoscopic shaving
Donnez, O., & Donnez, J. (2021) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Nezhat, C. R., Oskotsky, T. T., Robinson, J. F., Fisher, S. J., Tsuei, A., Liu, B., Irwin, J. C., Gaudilliere, B., Sirota, M., Stevenson, D. K., et al. (2025) · npj Women s Health · doi:10.1038/s44294-024-00052-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Carneiro, M. M., Costa, L. M. P., & Ávila, I. D. (2017) · JBRA Assisted Reproduction · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20170027 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
11 Endometriosis: Radical surgery
Magos, A. (1993) · Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80467-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Conservative approach to rectosigmoid endometriosis: a cohort study
Egekvist, A. G., Marinovskij, E., Forman, A., Kesmodel, U. S., Riiskjær, M., & Seyer‐Hansen, M. (2017) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.13094 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Deep infiltrating endometriosis treatment with dienogest: a pilot study
Yela, D. A., Kajikawa, P., Donati, L., Cursino, K., Giraldo, H., & Benetti-Pinto, C. L. (2015) · Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders · doi:10.5301/je.5000202 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
SETÄLÄ, M., SAVOLAINEN, H., KÖSSI, J., RANTA, T., & MÄKINEN, J. (2011) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01097.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
De Abreu, L. G., Silveira, V. S., Scrideli, C. A., Ramos, E. S., Dos Reis, R. M., Ferriani, R. A., & De Sá, M. F. S. (2011) · Journal of Endometriosis · doi:10.5301/je.2012.9070 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lobo, R. A. (2007) · Comprehensive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02951-3.50022-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cornillie, F. J., Oosterlynck, D., Lauweryns, J. M., & Koninckx, P. R.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 978-983
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W78459228
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 11.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- pelvic endometriosis, deep infiltrating endometriosis, infertility, dysmenorrhea, CO2 laser excision, pouch of Douglas, endometrioma, histology
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Female, Humans, Infertility, Pain, Laparoscopy, Uterine Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
