Tattoo-based potentiometric ion-selective sensors for epidermal pH monitoring
Abstract
This article presents the fabrication and characterization of novel tattoo-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for non-invasive potentiometric monitoring of epidermal pH levels. The new fabrication approach combines commercially available temporary transfer tattoo paper with conventional screen printing and solid-contact polymer ISE methodologies. The resulting tattoo-based potentiometric sensors exhibit rapid and sensitive response to a wide range of pH changes with no carry-over effects. Furthermore, the tattoo ISE sensors endure repetitive mechanical deformation, which is a key requirement of wearable and epidermal sensors. The flexible and conformal nature of the tattoo sensors enable them to be mounted on nearly any exposed skin surface for real-time pH monitoring of the human perspiration, as illustrated from the response during a strenuous physical activity. The resulting tattoo-based ISE sensors offer considerable promise as wearable potentiometric sensors suitable for diverse applications.
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Tattoo-based epidermal biosensors have been shown to allow real-time, non-invasive measurements of key sweat electrolytes, heavy metal, and metabolites.
“Tattoo-based epidermal biosensors have thus been shown to allow real-time, non-invasive measurements of key sweat electrolytes (pH, ammonium or sodium), heavy metal (Zn) and metabolites (lactate or ethanol) (J.K., J.W. et al.)58,70-74.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Bandodkar, A. J., Hung, V. W. S., Jia, W., Valdés-Ramírez, G., Windmiller, J. R., Martinez, A. G., Ramírez, J., Chan, G., Kerman, K., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- Venue
- The Analyst
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-128
- ISSN
- 0003-2654 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-5528
- OpenAlex
- W2007463094
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 8.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Analyst (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Keywords
- solid-contact ion-selective electrodes, potentiometric sensors, skin pH, sweating, wearable sensors, flexible electronics, screen printing, mechanical deformation, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electrodes, Epidermis, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Paper, Potentiometry, Tattooing
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