The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TREM2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in TREM2, encoding the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 protein, have previously been associated with an autosomal recessive form of early-onset dementia. METHODS: We used genome, exome, and Sanger sequencing to analyze the genetic variability in TREM2 in a series of 1092 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 1107 controls (the discovery set). We then performed a meta-analysis on imputed data for the TREM2 variant rs75932628 (predicted to cause a R47H substitution) from three genomewide association studies of Alzheimer's disease and tested for the association of the variant with disease. We genotyped the R47H variant in an additional 1887 cases and 4061 controls. We then assayed the expression of TREM2 across different regions of the human brain and identified genes that are differentially expressed in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and in control mice. RESULTS: We found significantly more variants in exon 2 of TREM2 in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in controls in the discovery set (P=0.02). There were 22 variant alleles in 1092 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 5 variant alleles in 1107 controls (P<0.001). The most commonly associated variant, rs75932628 (encoding R47H), showed highly significant association with Alzheimer's disease (P<0.001). Meta-analysis of rs75932628 genotypes imputed from genomewide association studies confirmed this association (P=0.002), as did direct genotyping of an additional series of 1887 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 4061 controls (P<0.001). Trem2 expression differed between control mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Heterozygous rare variants in TREM2 are associated with a significant increase in the risk of Alzheimer's disease. (Funded by Alzheimer's Research UK and others.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with AD including to name a few, variants in PICALM , CLU , ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 ( ABCA7 ), sortilin related receptor-1 ( SORL1 ), complement receptor 1 ( CR1 ), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( TREM2 ), and bridging integrator 1 ( BIN1 ) genes (219, 236, 254, 300, 343, 344, 528, 543).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [219]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“TREM2 (219, 300, 543) and two novel rare coding variants, PLCG2 and ABI3 , implicate innate immunity in AD pathophysiology (543), but whether these variants can influence vascular-inflammatory cross-talk contributing to AD pathophysiology remains unclear.”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [219]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified many AD risk genes related to the immune response and microglia, including those implicated in phagocytosis, such as CD33 and TREM24,5,6,7,8.”
From Amyloid-β induces lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction via the enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer’s disease (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“PLCG2 has also been shown to be a downstream component of TREM2 signaling, an important microglial AD risk gene. 7 , 8”
From The P522R protective variant of PLCG2 promotes the expression of antigen presentation genes by human microglia in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Human genetic studies have linked rare coding variants in microglial genes, such as TREM2, and more recently PLCG2 to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology.”
From PLCγ2 regulates TREM2 signalling and integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of human iPSC-derived macrophages (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In TREM2 gene, several AD associated risk increasing variants have been recognized, such as R47H and R62H [1, 13–15].”
From Protective PLCG2 variants associate with a delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease among heterozygous APOE ε4 carriers (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The TREM2-R62H (AF = 0.0078) is more common in the Finnish population than the more widely known TREM2-R47H (AF = 0.00045) AD risk variant [15, 25].”
From Protective PLCG2 variants associate with a delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease among heterozygous APOE ε4 carriers (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“AD-associated TREM2 risk variants – including p.H157Y, p.R98W, p.D87N, p.T66M, p.R62H, p.R47H, p.Y38C and p.Q33X [6, 43] – affect TREM2 function by various mechanisms”
From TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The most characterised variant of TREM2 (p.R47H) shows defects in ligand binding [6, 37, 38, 97], which impacts the ability of TREM2 to recognise damage, and induce microglial changes, resulting in a dampened response to pathological insults such as Aβ deposition.”
From TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Most of the genes associated with the ~40 loci identified by genome-wide association (GWA) analysis or by rare variant sequencing studies are expressed in glial cells (e.g., APOE, TREM2, BIN1, CD33, INPP5D, CTSB, CTSD, and PICALM).”
From The Major Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease: Age, Sex, and Genes Modulate the Microglia Response to Aβ Plaques (2019) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For instance, TREM2 is one of the strongest risk factors for AD, and evidence suggests that TREM2 acts to recognize Aβ pathology and direct microglial responses toward the pathology (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2020).”
From β-amyloid accumulation enhances microtubule associated protein tau pathology in an APPNL-G-F/MAPTP301S mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Third, recent genetic studies implicate inflammatory genes and pathways (CD33, TREM2, HLA-DRB5-DRB1) in late-onset disease pathology (112–115).”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [113]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These studies have identified several common variants of several new genes to be associated with LOAD, but, with the exception of variants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, no rare variants were identified (49,50).”
From Molecular Basis for Increased Risk for Late-onset Alzheimer Disease Due to the Naturally Occurring L28P Mutation in Apolipoprotein E4 (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The TREM2 variant R47H, for example, was discovered using a study design that preserved statistical power by focusing solely on genetic variants that were likely to affect protein function [11, 12]”
From Linkage, whole genome sequence, and biological data implicate variants in RAB10 in Alzheimer’s disease resilience (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Retromer has also been implicated in the trafficking of the microglia receptor Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), with mutations in TREM2 associated with an increased risk for developing AD [154, 155].”
From Global identification of neuronal and astrocytic integral membrane proteins that require Retromer for their endosomal recycling (2026) · cites this paper as [154]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At the genetic level, GWAS and sequencing studies have found associations between AD and genes expressed in myeloid cells, including TREM2, ABCA7, and CD331,2,5,15–17.”
From A common haplotype lowers PU.1 expression in myeloid cells and delays onset of Alzheimer's disease (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nearly 30 LOAD susceptibility loci2-12 are known, and risk is significantly polygenic13.”
From Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent sequencing studies identified a number of genes that have rare variants associated with AD9-11,18-24.”
From Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We also observed evidence for the previously reported9,11 TREM2 rare variant p.R47H (Table 2).”
From Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some additional highly replicated risk genes include CR1 , BIN1 , and TREM2 (94, 119, 219, 300, 344, 543).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [219]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Another, more recently identified risk factor is the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), where genetic variants also increase SAD risk [145].”
From Neuron Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models (2020) · cites this paper as [145]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Polymorphisms in the R47H allele of the TREM2 gene have recently been identified as a strong genetic risk factor for the development of AD,13 though the actual impact of these polymorphisms on microglial function remain unclear.”
From Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Coding alterations in TREM2, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on myeloid lineage cells that modulates innate immune function [1], dramatically increase the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) [2,3].”
From TREM2-Deficient Microglia Attenuate Tau Spreading In Vivo (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the brain, PLCγ2 is primarily expressed by microglia, where it serves as an important signaling node downstream of TREM2 and CD33 (19, 20), both also AD risk genes (21–23).”
From Multi-omics analyses reveal novel effects of PLCγ2 deficiency in the mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Within the brain, PLCγ2 is primarily but not exclusively expressed in microglia, where it serves as an important signaling node downstream of TREM2 and CD33 [31, 32], both also AD risk genes [33–35].”
From PLCγ2 deficiency compromises systemic immune tolerance and erodes myelin homeostasis while enhancing oxidative metabolism in the mouse brain (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“TREM2 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on the membrane of myeloid cells and an important susceptibility gene for AD [5].”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mutations in TREM2 have been associated with increased risk of AD [5, 18].”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, TREM2 variants associate with an increased risk of AD [15, 25, 38–40].”
From Protective PLCG2 variants associate with a delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease among heterozygous APOE ε4 carriers (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“TREM2 R47H mutations impair ApoE binding88 and increase the risk of human AD,93”
From Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [93]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several variants in TREM2 have been linked to increased LOAD risk [1, 6].”
From TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The last decade has seen a plethora of studies linking immune-relate genes to AD [1, 6]”
From TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, TREM2 p.H157Y (rs2234255) has been detected not only in Caucasians [35] but also in Chinese [40] and Japanese [24], and the significance of this variant has been confirmed in the Chinese population (Table 4) [40].”
From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The first well-known rare variant for AD is the p.R47H variant (rs75932628) in TREM2, which was independently identified by two research groups in 2013 [35, 36].”
From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“NGS allowed the identification of rare variants in TREM2 as major genetic risk factors for AD [39, 65].”
From The new genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease: from amyloid cascade to genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis? (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recently, several possibly functional, rare variants with large protective [9, 10] and risk effects [11–13] have been identified for AD in APP, APOE, PLD3, and TREM2 using novel study designs.”
From Linkage, whole genome sequence, and biological data implicate variants in RAB10 in Alzheimer’s disease resilience (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Loss-of-function (LOF) variants of TREM2, an immune receptor expressed in microglia, increase Alzheimer’s disease risk.”
From TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge (2020) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Genes were defined without surrounding genomic sequence, as this yielded the most significant excess of enriched pathways in the common variation dataset11.”
From Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Neuroinflammation is a common feature of AD9 and GWAS have associated several immune-related genes with AD including ABCA7, CD33, CLU, CR1, MS4A10, 11 and recently TREM2.12, 13”
From Whole-genome sequencing suggests a chemokine gene cluster that modifies age at onset in familial Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The Stage 1 discovery meta-analysis produced 12 loci with genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10−8) (Table 1), all of which are previously described1,4–11.”
From Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Three other signals were not initially described in the initial IGAP GWAS: the rare R47H TREM2 coding variant previously reported by others7,8,14; ECHDC3 (rs7920721; NC_000010.10: g.11720308A>G), which was recently identified as a potential genome-wide-significant Alzheimer’s disease risk locus in several studies15–17, and ACE (rs138190086; NC_000017.10: g.61538148G>A)”
From Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“When not considering fetal astrocytes, mature astrocytes (21%), and microglial cells (20.3%), the resident macrophage cells of the brain thought to play a key role in the pathologic immune response in LOAD8,14,60, became the highest expressed cell types in the genome-wide set of genes, with 5.3% of the 400 genes showing high microglial expression”
From Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“an increased risk for developing AD is significantly associated with rare variants of innate immune receptors expressed in microglia, including TREM2 (107, 108), CD33 (109), and complement receptor 1 (CR1) (110)”
From Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration (2017) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“A rare arginine 47 histidine (R47H) variant of TREM2 is associated with an increased risk for AD (107, 108). This variant impairs binding of TREM2 to many phospholipid ligands (114, 125).”
From Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration (2017) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“TREM2, a pivotal risk factor for LOAD [119, 120], is associated with tau pathology.”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [120]
In the citing paper
“rare genetic variants associated with AD (found by gene sequencing or exome array) have also implicated microglia in determining the risk of AD (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Jonsson et al., 2013; Sims et al., 2017).”
From Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (2018) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“The TREM2 mutation most clearly associated with AD (R47H, carried by <0.5% of most populations) increases the risk of AD approximately threefold (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Jonsson et al., 2013).”
From Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (2018) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Notably, variants of TREM2, an immunoglobulin-like cell-surface receptor primarily expressed on microglia in the brain, were recently found to confer a 2 to 4-fold increased risk for AD [83].”
From Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies (2017) · cites this paper as [83]
In the citing paper
“GWAS showed that the R47H variant of TREM2 was associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk for the development of AD.”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“Many risk genes for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are exclusively or highly expressed in myeloid cells.”
From Sustained microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor impairs parenchymal plaque development in an Alzheimer’s disease model (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Genetic studies show that a number of genes that have been linked to early-onset AD risk are expressed primarily in microglia.”
From Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“We and others identified the microglial gene TREM2 as a potent risk gene for late-onset disease (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Jonsson et al., 2013)”
From Genetic variability in response to amyloid beta deposition influences Alzheimer’s disease risk (2019) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“and identified that its expression was strongly increased by amyloid deposition in APP transgenic mice (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Matarin et al., 2015; Cheng-Hathaway et al., 2018; Song et al., 2018).”
From Genetic variability in response to amyloid beta deposition influences Alzheimer’s disease risk (2019) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“A decade of GWAS projects for Alzheimer’s disease has provided key and initially surprising insights into the progression of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, particularly the dependence on the innate immune system, with the identification of genes such as TREM2 and SPI1/PU.1”
From Genetic variability in response to amyloid beta deposition influences Alzheimer’s disease risk (2019) · cites this paper as Guerreiro et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“identified variants in TREM2 (“triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2”) as risk factors for LOAD [24, 25]”
From Microglial dysfunction in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (2014) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“One of the most well-studied rare variants that confers elevated risk for AD is the R47H variant in TREM2 [131, 132].”
From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“The mutation in TREM2, has been associated with a three-fold higher risk to develop AD [122].”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [122]
In the citing paper
“In addition, two groups of investigators independently identified variants of the microglial TREM2 gene that increase susceptibility to LOAD with an odds ratio similar to that of APOEε4 [56–58].”
From Systems-based proteomics to resolve the biology of Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid and tau (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Variants of the microglial TREM2 gene have been found to increase the risk of sporadic AD by approximately 3- to 5-fold [56, 57].”
From Systems-based proteomics to resolve the biology of Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid and tau (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Genome-wide association studies have reported that, amongst other microglial genes, variants in TREM2 can profoundly increase the incidence of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD).”
From Trem2 promotes anti-inflammatory responses in microglia and is suppressed under pro-inflammatory conditions (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“This might be one of the major mechanisms underlying various neurodegenerative diseases with advanced age by suppression of WT TREM2 in many sporadic cases, considering that TREM2 variants associated with loss-of-function are extremely rare in frequency in humans (2).”
From Trem2 promotes anti-inflammatory responses in microglia and is suppressed under pro-inflammatory conditions (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Data from human genetics, particularly with respect to the hypomorphic R47H allele of TREM2 that strongly increases risk for AD (32, 33, 102), provide strong evidence for a protective role for microglia.”
From The Transcriptional Landscape of Microglial Genes in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Abecasis, G., Durbin, R., & 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · Cited by 62,041
Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform
Li, H., & Durbin, R. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324 · Cited by 58,607
The Genome Analysis Toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data
McKenna, A., Hanna, M., Banks, E., Sivachenko, A., Cibulskis, K., Kernytsky, A., Garimella, K., Altshuler, D., Gabriel, S., Daly, M., et al. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.107524.110 · Cited by 27,895
ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data
Wang, K., Li, M., & Hakonarson, H. H. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq603 · Cited by 14,724
A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations.
Adzhubei, I. A., Schmidt, S., Peshkin, L., Ramensky, V. E., Gerasimova, A., Bork, P., Kondrashov, A. S., & Sunyaev, S. R. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth0410-248 · Cited by 13,194
A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data
DePristo, M. A., Banks, E., Poplin, R. E., Garimella, K. V., Maguire, J., Hartl, C., Philippakis, A., del Angel, G., Rivas, M. A., Hanna, M., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.806 · Cited by 11,457
Goate, A., Chartier-Harlin, M.-C., Mullan, M., Brown, J., Crawford, F., Fidani, L., Giuffra, L., Haynes, A., Irving, N., James, L., et al. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349704a0 · Cited by 4,659
Self-citationStrittmatter, W. J., Saunders, A. M., Schmechel, D., Pericak-Vance, M., Enghild, J., Salvesen, G. S., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.1977 · Cited by 4,268
Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease
Sherrington, R., Rogaev, E. I., Liang, Y., Rogaeva, E. A., Levesque, G., Ikeda, M., Chi, H., Lin, C., Li, G., Holman, K., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375754a0 · Cited by 4,051
Self-citationHowie, B. N., Donnelly, P., & Marchini, J. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000529 · Cited by 3,928
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., Khoury, J. E., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A. H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5 · Cited by 6,226
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164
Self-citationA Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493
Scheltens, P., De Strooper, B., Kivipelto, M., Holstege, H., Chételat, G., Teunissen, C. E., Cummings, J., & van der Flier, W. M. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32205-4 · Cited by 5,465
Meta-Analysis of 74,046 Individuals Identifies 11 New Susceptibility Loci for Alzheimer’s Disease
(EADI), E. A. D. I., Lambert, J.-C., (GERAD), G. A. E. R. I. A. D., Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC), (CHARGE), C. F. H. A. A. R. I. G. E., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2802 · Cited by 4,336
Self-citationScheltens, P., Blennow, K., Breteler, M. M. B., de Strooper, B., Frisoni, G. B., Salloway, S., & Van der Flier, W. M. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01124-1 · Cited by 3,125
Krasemann, S., Madore, C., Cialic, R., Baufeld, C., Calcagno, N., El Fatimy, R., Beckers, L., O’Loughlin, E., Xu, Y., Fanek, Z., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.008 · Cited by 2,979
Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Kunkle, B. W., The European Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (EADI), Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (CHARGE), Genetic and Environmental Risk in AD/Defining Genetic, P. A. E. R. F. A. D. C. (., Grenier-Boley, B., Sims, R., Bis, J. C., Damotte, V., Naj, A. C., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2 · Cited by 2,946
Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration
Colonna, M., & Butovsky, O. (2017) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052358 · Cited by 2,894
Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,312
Jansen, I. E., Savage, J. E., Watanabe, K., Bryois, J., Williams, D. M., Steinberg, S., Sealock, J., Karlsson, I. K., Hägg, S., Athanasiu, L., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0311-9 · Cited by 2,277
Self-citationInflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Kinney, J. W., Bemiller, S. M., Murtishaw, A. S., Leisgang, A. M., Salazar, A. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014 · Cited by 2,253
“[133] Guerreiro R, Wojtas A, Bras J, Carrasquillo M, Rogaeva E, Majounie E, et al.”
BackgroundImmune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134
Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders
Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013 · Cited by 2,066
Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease
Li, Q., & Barres, B. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.125 · Cited by 1,999
The Cellular Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease
De Strooper, B., & Karran, E. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.056 · Cited by 1,990
The Amyloid-β Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hampel, H., Hardy, J., Blennow, K., Chen, C., Perry, G., Kim, S. H., Villemagne, V. L., Aisen, P., Vendruscolo, M., Iwatsubo, T., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01249-0 · Cited by 1,952
Self-citationMicroglia in Alzheimer’s disease
Hansen, D. V., Hanson, J. E., & Sheng, M. (2018) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201709069 · Cited by 1,935
New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS
Bennett, M. L., Bennett, F. C., Liddelow, S. A., Ajami, B., Zamanian, J. L., Fernhoff, N. B., Mulinyawe, S. B., Bohlen, C. J., Adil, A., Tucker, A., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525528113 · Cited by 1,804
Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases
Wilson, D. M., Cookson, M. R., Van Den Bosch, L., Zetterberg, H., Holtzman, D. M., & Dewachter, I. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032 · Cited by 1,789
Microglia emerge as central players in brain disease
Salter, M. W., & Stevens, B. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4397 · Cited by 1,767
Neuroinflammation and M2 Microglia: The Good, the Bad, and the Inflamed
Cherry, J. D., Olschowka, J. A., & O’Banion, M. K. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-98 · Cited by 1,748
TREM2 Lipid Sensing Sustains the Microglial Response in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Wang, Y., Cella, M., Mallinson, K., Ulrich, J. D., Young, K. L., Robinette, M. L., Gilfillan, S., Krishnan, G. M., Sudhakar, S., Zinselmeyer, B. H., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.049 · Cited by 1,736
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: current evidence and future directions
Calsolaro, V., & Edison, P. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.010 · Cited by 1,726
Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society
Winblad, B., Amouyel, P., Andrieu, S., Ballard, C., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., Cedazo-Minguez, A., Dubois, B., Edvardsson, D., Feldman, H., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00062-4 · Cited by 1,676
Self-citationIntegrated Systems Approach Identifies Genetic Nodes and Networks in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Zhang, B., Gaiteri, C., Bodea, L.-G., Wang, Z., McElwee, J., Podtelezhnikov, A. A., Zhang, C., Xie, T., Tran, L., Dobrin, R., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.030 · Cited by 1,657
Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets
Gao, C., Jiang, J., Tan, Y., & Chen, S. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0 · Cited by 1,616
Origin and functions of tissue macrophages
Epelman, S., Lavine, K. J., & Randolph, G. J. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.013 · Cited by 1,585
The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing
Hickman, S. E., Kingery, N. D., Ohsumi, T. K., Borowsky, M. L., Wang, L.-C., Means, T. K., & El Khoury, J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3554 · Cited by 1,511
Disease-Associated Microglia: A Universal Immune Sensor of Neurodegeneration
Deczkowska, A., Keren-Shaul, H., Weiner, A., Colonna, M., Schwartz, M., & Amit, I. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.003 · Cited by 1,474
Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., & Latz, E. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3705 · Cited by 1,437
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies
Yamazaki, Y., Zhao, N., Caulfield, T. R., Liu, C.-C., & Bu, G. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0228-7 · Cited by 1,425
Lipid-associated macrophages control metabolic homeostasis in a Trem2-dependent manner
Jaitin, D. A., Adlung, L., Thaiss, C. A., Weiner, A., Li, B., Descamps, H., Lundgren, P., Bleriot, C., Liu, Z., Deczkowska, A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.054 · Cited by 1,377
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Genes and Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis
Karch, C. M., & Goate, A. M. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.006 · Cited by 1,357
Self-citationMicroglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease
Prinz, M., & Priller, J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3722 · Cited by 1,329
Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer's disease.
(2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.49 · Cited by 1,288
Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines
Rea, I. M., Gibson, D. S., McGilligan, V., McNerlan, S. E., Alexander, H. D., & Ross, O. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586 · Cited by 1,267
Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation
Wyss-Coray, T. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20411 · Cited by 1,147
Microglial priming in neurodegenerative disease
Perry, V. H., & Holmes, C. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.38 · Cited by 1,127
ARUK Consortium, Sims, R., GERAD/PERADES, C., van der Lee, S. J., Naj, A. C., Bellenguez, C., Badarinarayan, N., Jakobsdottir, J., Kunkle, B. W., Boland, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3916 · Cited by 1,012
Self-citationInterVar: Clinical Interpretation of Genetic Variants by the 2015 ACMG-AMP Guidelines
Li, Q., & Wang, K. (2017) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.004 · Cited by 1,057
Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease
Butovsky, O., & Weiner, H. L. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0057-5 · Cited by 1,046
Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and potentially protective measures
Silva, M. V. F., Loures, C. D. M. G., Alves, L. C. V., de Souza, L. C., Borges, K. B. G., & Ferriani, M. D. G. C. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0524-y · Cited by 1,031
Goedert, M. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1255555 · Cited by 1,028
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Gene CD33 Inhibits Microglial Uptake of Amyloid Beta
Griciuc, A., Serrano-Pozo, A., Parrado, A. R., Lesinski, A. N., Asselin, C. N., Mullin, K., Hooli, B., Choi, S. H., Hyman, B. T., & Tanzi, R. E. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.014 · Cited by 1,004
Biomarker Modeling of Alzheimer’s Disease
Jack, C. R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.003 · Cited by 1,002
Review: Activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain
Boche, D., Perry, V. H., & Nicoll, J. A. R. (2012) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12011 · Cited by 955
Yeh, F. L., Wang, Y., Tom, I., Gonzalez, L. C., & Sheng, M. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.015 · Cited by 943
Spangenberg, E., Severson, P. L., Hohsfield, L. A., Crapser, J., Zhang, J., Burton, E. A., Zhang, Y., Spevak, W., Lin, J., Phan, N. Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11674-z · Cited by 939
Sala Frigerio, C., Wolfs, L., Fattorelli, N., Thrupp, N., Voytyuk, I., Schmidt, I., Mancuso, R., Chen, W.-T., Woodbury, M. E., Srivastava, G., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.099 · Cited by 926
Microglia polarization from M1 to M2 in neurodegenerative diseases
Guo, S., Wang, H., & Yin, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.815347 · Cited by 920
The genetic landscape of Alzheimer disease: clinical implications and perspectives
Van Cauwenberghe, C., Van Broeckhoven, C., & Sleegers, K. (2016) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2015.117 · Cited by 863
Pan, R.-Y., He, L., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Liao, Y., Gao, J., Liao, Y., Yan, Y., Li, Q., Zhou, X., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.013 · Cited by 862
Microglial Phagocytosis of Live Neurons
Brown, G. C., & Neher, J. J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3710 · Cited by 853
The Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease
Jiang, C., Li, G., Huang, P., Liu, Z., & Zhao, B. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161141 · Cited by 852
A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Baik, S. H., Kang, S., Lee, W., Choi, H., Chung, S., Kim, J.-I., & Mook-Jung, I. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.005 · Cited by 843
Microglia: Scapegoat, saboteur, or something else?
Aguzzi, A., Barres, B. A., & Bennett, M. L. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1227901 · Cited by 836
Brain cell type–specific enhancer–promoter interactome maps and disease - risk association
Nott, A., Holtman, I. R., Coufal, N. G., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., Yu, M., Hu, R., Han, C. Z., Pena, M., Xiao, J., Wu, Y., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay0793 · Cited by 699
Yuan, P., Condello, C., Keene, C. D., Wang, Y., Bird, T. D., Paul, S. M., Luo, W., Colonna, M., Baddeley, D., & Grutzendler, J. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.003 · Cited by 817
Stress granules and neurodegeneration
Wolozin, B., & Ivanov, P. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0222-5 · Cited by 810
Tau and neurodegenerative disease: the story so far
Iqbal, K., Liu, F., & Gong, C.-X. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.225 · Cited by 806
TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell surface transport and phagocytosis
Kleinberger, G., Yamanishi, Y., Suárez-Calvet, M., Czirr, E., Lohmann, E., Cuyvers, E., Struyfs, H., Pettkus, N., Wenninger-Weinzierl, A., Mazaheri, F., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009093 · Cited by 798
Self-citationAPP mouse models for Alzheimer’s disease preclinical studies.
Sasaguri, H., Nilsson, P., Hashimoto, S., Nagata, K., Saito, T., De Strooper, B., Hardy, J., Vassar, R., Winblad, B., & Saido, T. C. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201797397 · Cited by 793
Self-citationThe Semantics of Microglia Activation: Neuroinflammation, Homeostasis, and Stress
Woodburn, S. C., Bollinger, J. L., & Wohleb, E. S. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02309-6 · Cited by 783
TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function
Zhao, Y., Wu, X., Li, X., Jiang, L.-L., Gui, X., Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Zhu, B., Piña-Crespo, J. C., Zhang, M., et al. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.031 · Cited by 763
TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge
Nugent, A. A., Lin, K., van Lengerich, B., Lianoglou, S., Przybyla, L., Davis, S. S., Llapashtica, C., Wang, J., Kim, D. J., Xia, D., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.007 · Cited by 745
TREM2 — a key player in microglial biology and Alzheimer disease
Ulland, T. K., & Colonna, M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0072-1 · Cited by 735
Šimić, G., Leko, M. B., Wray, S., Harrington, C. R., Delalle, I., Milošević, N. J., Bažadona, D., Buée, L., de Silva, R., Giovanni, G. D., et al. (2016) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom6010006 · Cited by 730
Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar Aβ42 hotspots around plaques
Condello, C., Yuan, P., Schain, A., & Grutzendler, J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7176 · Cited by 718
Spangenberg, E. E., Lee, R. J., Najafi, A. R., Rice, R. A., Elmore, M. R. P., Blurton-Jones, M., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww016 · Cited by 695
Filipello, F., Morini, R., Corradini, I., Zerbi, V., Canzi, A., Michalski, B., Erreni, M., Markicevic, M., Starvaggi-Cucuzza, C., Otero, K., et al. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.016 · Cited by 695
Jay, T. R., Miller, C. M., Cheng, P. J., Graham, L. C., Bemiller, S., Broihier, M. L., Xu, G., Margevicius, D., Karlo, J. C., Sousa, G. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20142322 · Cited by 682
Friedman, B. A., Srinivasan, K., Ayalon, G., Meilandt, W. J., Lin, H., Huntley, M. A., Cao, Y., Lee, S.-H., Haddick, P. C. G., Ngu, H., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.066 · Cited by 662
Microglia: Dynamic Mediators of Synapse Development and Plasticity
Wu, Y., Dissing-Olesen, L., MacVicar, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.08.008 · Cited by 661
Bohlen, C. J., Bennett, F. C., Tucker, A. F., Collins, H. Y., Mulinyawe, S. B., & Barres, B. A. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.043 · Cited by 658
Minter, M. R., Zhang, C., Leone, V., Ringus, D. L., Zhang, X., Oyler-Castrillo, P., Musch, M. W., Liao, F., Ward, J. F., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30028 · Cited by 655
Chiu, I. M., Morimoto, E. T. A., Goodarzi, H., Liao, J. T., O’Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Muratet, M., Carroll, M. C., Levy, S., Tavazoie, S., et al. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.018 · Cited by 651
Macrophages in health and disease
Park, M. D., Silvin, A., Ginhoux, F., & Merad, M. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.007 · Cited by 644
A 3D human triculture system modeling neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Park, J., Wetzel, I., Marriott, I., Dréau, D., D’Avanzo, C., Kim, D. Y., Tanzi, R. E., & Cho, H. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0175-4 · Cited by 644
Perry, V. H., & Teeling, J. L. (2013) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0382-8 · Cited by 638
Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis and related therapies
Du, X., Wang, X., & Geng, M. (2018) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-018-0107-y · Cited by 623
Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology
Mass, E., Nimmerjahn, F., Kierdorf, K., & Schlitzer, A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00848-y · Cited by 621
Microglial dysfunction in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease
Mosher, K. I., & Wyss-Coray, T. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.008 · Cited by 618
Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease revisited
Cacace, R., Sleegers, K., & Van Broeckhoven, C. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.012 · Cited by 617
Arendt, T., Stieler, J. T., & Holzer, M. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018 · Cited by 609
ApoE and Aβ in Alzheimer’s Disease: Accidental Encounters or Partners?
Kanekiyo, T., Xu, H., & Bu, G. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.045 · Cited by 608
Imaging the evolution and pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease
Jagust, W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0067-3 · Cited by 604
Maphis, N., Xu, G., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Jiang, S., Cardona, A., Ransohoff, R. M., Lamb, B. T., & Bhaskar, K. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv081 · Cited by 595
Interplay between innate immunity and Alzheimer disease: APOE and TREM2 in the spotlight
Shi, Y., & Holtzman, D. M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0051-1 · Cited by 595
Apolipoprotein E Is a Ligand for Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2)
Atagi, Y., Liu, C.-C., Painter, M. M., Chen, X.-F., Verbeeck, C., Zheng, H., Li, X., Rademakers, R., Kang, S. S., Xu, H., et al. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.679043 · Cited by 587
Self-citationMicroglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation
Prinz, M., Masuda, T., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-110159 · Cited by 584
Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: From Understanding to Therapy
Muzio, L., Viotti, A., & Martino, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.742065 · Cited by 581
Astrocytic and microglial cells as the modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Singh, D. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02565-0 · Cited by 569
Hopperton, K. E., Mohammad, D., Trépanier, M. O., Giuliano, V, & Bazinet, R. P. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.246 · Cited by 567
Late onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk
Efthymiou, A. G., & Goate, A. M. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0184-x · Cited by 562
Self-citationHagemeyer, N., Hanft, K.-M., Akriditou, M.-A., Unger, N., Park, E. S., Stanley, E. R., Staszewski, O., Dimou, L., & Prinz, M. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1747-1 · Cited by 558
New insights on the role of microglia in synaptic pruning in health and disease
Hong, S., Dissing-Olesen, L., & Stevens, B. (2016) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.12.004 · Cited by 557
Microglial cell dysregulation in brain aging and neurodegeneration
von Bernhardi, R., Eugenín-von Bernhardi, L., & Eugenín, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00124 · Cited by 556
Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE
Parhizkar, S., Arzberger, T., Brendel, M., Kleinberger, G., Deussing, M., Focke, C., Nuscher, B., Xiong, M., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Katzmarski, N., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0296-9 · Cited by 555
Physiology and diseases of tissue-resident macrophages
Lazarov, T., Juarez-Carreño, S., Cox, N., & Geissmann, F. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06002-x · Cited by 571
Metadata
- Authors
- Guerreiro, R., Wojtas, A., Bras, J., Carrasquillo, M., Rogaeva, E., Majounie, E., Cruchaga, C., Sassi, C., Kauwe, J. S. K., Younkin, S., Hazrati, L., Collinge, J., Pocock, J., Lashley, T., Williams, J., Lambert, J.-C., Amouyel, P., Goate, A., Rademakers, R., Morgan, K., Powell, J., St. George-Hyslop, P., Singleton, A., & Hardy, J.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2013-01-10
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-127
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC3631573
- OpenAlex
- W2124490243
- Cited by
- 3,020
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 204 · 2024: 238 · 2023: 245 · 2022: 265 · 2021: 250 · 2020: 269 · 2019: 234 · 2018: 251 · 2017: 203 · 2016: 194 · 2015: 196 · 2014: 160 · 2013: 137
- FWCI
- 106.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- University of Dundee
- Wellcome Trust (WT089698, 089703, 081864, 089698, 095317)
- Alzheimer Society
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10033)
- University College London
- Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ns069329-02)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (MC_G1000735, MR/K013041/1)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG042611, R01AG018023, U01AG006786, R01-AG18023, R01AG041797, P50AG008702, Z01AG000950, P50AG005681, U24AG056270, U24AG021886, P50AG016574)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30-NS069329, 5P30 NS069329-02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- TREM2, Alzheimer's disease, loss-of-function mutations, rare variants, genetic risk, mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, early-onset dementia, myeloid cells
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Genotype, Heterozygote, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Inbred A, Mutation, Receptors, Immunologic, Risk Factors, RNA, Messenger, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mice, Genome-Wide Association Study, Exome, Genotyping Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
