The DOI matches its Crossref record; 195 of the 195 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.
Open accessAbstract
Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage (the same as that produced by radiation) is a major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases of aging such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts. Antioxidant defenses against this damage include ascorbate, tocopherol, and carotenoids. Dietary fruits and vegetables are the principal source of ascorbate and carotenoids and are one source of tocopherol. Low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables doubles the risk of most types of cancer as compared to high intake and also markedly increases the risk of heart disease and cataracts. Since only 9% of Americans eat the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, the opportunity for improving health by improving diet is great.
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“Defective DNA repair and DDR pathways may lead to several human diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases [6, 33–38]”
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“Dysfunctions in these pathways are linked to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases [6, 33–38]”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K., & Hagen, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Ames, B N
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1993-09
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 7915-7922
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC47258
- OpenAlex
- W2023677185
- Cited by
- 5,958
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 158 · 2017: 176 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 198 · 2014: 272 · 2013: 267 · 2012: 293
- FWCI
- 13.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Rockefeller Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5r35ca039910-14)
- National Cancer Institute (CA399 10)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ESO1896, P30ES001896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, free radicals, antioxidants, aging, degenerative diseases, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, vitamin C, tocopherols, carotenoids, cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, cataract, waning immunity, brain dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Antioxidants, Diet, Disease, DNA Damage, Humans, Neoplasms, Proteins, Oxidants, Lipid Metabolism
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