Enhanced memory for emotional material following stress-level cortisol treatment in humans
Abstract
Memory tends to be better for emotionally arousing information than for neutral information. Evidence from animal studies indicates that corticosteroids may be necessary for this memory enhancement to occur. We extend these findings to human memory performance. Following administration of cortisol (20 mg) or placebo, participants were exposed to pictures varying in emotional arousal. Incidental memory for the pictures was assessed one week later. We show that elevated cortisol levels during memory encoding enhances the long-term recall performance of emotionally arousing pictures relative to neutral pictures. These results extend previous work on corticosteroid enhancement of memory and suggest that high cortisol levels during arousing events result in enhanced memory in humans.
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The use of exogenous corticosteroids is not always associated with deleterious effects on cognition; some studies in animals and humans have failed to demonstrate an association, while some provide evidence of corticosteroid-induced cognitive enhancement.
“Furthermore, the use of exogenous corticosteroids is not always associated with deleterious effects on cognition, and some studies in animals and humans have failed to demonstrate an association, while some provide evidence of corticosteroid-induced cognitive enhancement (438–443).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [442]
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- Authors
- Buchanan, T. W., & Lovallo, W. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lovallo, William R
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 307-317
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142302489
- Cited by
- 762
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 12.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f31mh011844-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1 F31 MH 11844)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- cortisol, emotional memory, emotional arousal, corticosteroids, memory enhancement, long-term recall, incidental memory, stress, memory encoding, emotional pictures
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Stress, Psychological
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