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Cognition is a matter of trust: Distrust tunes cognitive processes
Abstract
The current review proposes that exposure to a specific untrustworthy source of information engages a mode of thought—a distrust mindset—that is also evoked by incidental distrust contexts and by personality characteristics. The review summarises empirical research demonstrating that—in contrast to trust, which leads to the familiar congruent type of cognitive processes—distrust triggers a spontaneous activation of alternatives and incongruent associations for a given concept. These alternatives dilute the activation level of the given concept, indicating that our mind can spontaneously stop the congruent-processing flow. Consequently, distrust blocks congruent effects such as confirmatory biases, accessibility effects, stereotyping, and routine reasoning. Thus, the review suggests that the basic flow of our cognition is (dis)trust dependent. The review concludes with a discussion of the effect of the distrust mindset as a demonstration of (1) situated cognition and (2) a spontaneous negation process.
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The distrust mindset leads to an activation of incongruent and alternative associations.
“The distrust mindset leads to an activation of incongruent and alternative associations, which aligns well with the increase of creativity, reflection, and innovation.”
From Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as Mayo, 2015
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Truthiness, the illusory truth effect, and the role of need for cognition
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mayo, R.
- Venue
- European Review of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 283-327
- ISSN
- 1046-3283
- 1479-277X
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 17
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (ISF 594/12)
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