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Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies
Open accessAbstract
Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is emerging. Bioavailability differs greatly from one polyphenol to another, so that the most abundant polyphenols in our diet are not necessarily those leading to the highest concentrations of active metabolites in target tissues. Mean values for the maximal plasma concentration, the time to reach the maximal plasma concentration, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, the elimination half-life, and the relative urinary excretion were calculated for 18 major polyphenols. We used data from 97 studies that investigated the kinetics and extent of polyphenol absorption among adults, after ingestion of a single dose of polyphenol provided as pure compound, plant extract, or whole food/beverage. The metabolites present in blood, resulting from digestive and hepatic activity, usually differ from the native compounds. The nature of the known metabolites is described when data are available. The plasma concentrations of total metabolites ranged from 0 to 4 mumol/L with an intake of 50 mg aglycone equivalents, and the relative urinary excretion ranged from 0.3% to 43% of the ingested dose, depending on the polyphenol. Gallic acid and isoflavones are the most well-absorbed polyphenols, followed by catechins, flavanones, and quercetin glucosides, but with different kinetics. The least well-absorbed polyphenols are the proanthocyanidins, the galloylated tea catechins, and the anthocyanins. Data are still too limited for assessment of hydroxycinnamic acids and other polyphenols. These data may be useful for the design and interpretation of intervention studies investigating the health effects of polyphenols.
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“Some of the biomarkers listed in Table 1 have half-lives that do not exceed 24 h [polyphenols, alkylresorcinols, and amino acids (34,35)].”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [34]
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Fast Access of Some Grape Pigments to the Brain
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Polyphenols in Health and Disease: Gut Microbiota, Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability
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Effects of Catechin Enriched Green Tea on Body Composition
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“According to earlier studies (45,46), the plasma peak of catechins is reached during the first hours postingestion, so the timing of our blood sampling would not have allowed us to draw correlations between the bioavailability of the catechins and the main outcome measures.”
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“Their specific actions are likely to be dependent on the composition and time course of compound-/metabolites appearing in plasma((26,52,53)).”
BackgroundDietary reference intake (DRI) value for dietary polyphenols: are we heading in the right direction?
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“Human studies show a poor absorption of intact anthocyanins and procyanidins((5)).”
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How To Standardize the Multiplicity of Methods To Evaluate Natural Antioxidants
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Use of natural AhR ligands as potential therapeutic modalities against inflammatory disorders
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“In addition, polyphenols absorbed in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract—metabolized by the liver and excreted in the bile or directly extruded by the efflux pumps of the small intestine enterocytes—reach the colon and experience microbial fermentation or fecal elimination [52].”
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The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer
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“Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols will be affected by rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and rates of intestinal absorption, with isoflavones absorbed more rapidly than catechins or proanthocyanidins [14,15].”
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“Anthocyanins and quercetin are both abundant in berries, but quercetin has greater bioavailability and therefore may be a more potent bioactive compound in berry fruit [45,46].”
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Anticarcinogenic Effects of Polyphenolics from Mango (Mangifera indica) Varieties
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“By comparison, the polyphenols which are large bulky higher molecular weight molecular structures typically exhibit bioavailability of around 1-8% [90].”
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“5 Flavonoids and brain bioavailability Once ingested, flavonoids undergo extensive metabolism in the small and large intestine, in the liver and in cells, resulting in a wide variety of metabolic derivatives, that are very different from the parent compounds found in foods (41, 42).”
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Betalains in the era of global agri-food science, technology and nutritional health
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“They are absorbed from the gut into the systemic circulation in their intact forms, which indicated that, as shown with some glycosylated flavonoids (Manach et al. 2005), hydrolysis is not a prerequisite for absorption.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Manach, C., Williamson, G., Morand, C., Scalbert, A., & Rémésy, C.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Manach, Claudine
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 230S-242S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119331100
- Cited by
- 4,219
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 201 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 170 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 215 · 2020: 241 · 2019: 216 · 2018: 224 · 2017: 242 · 2016: 235 · 2015: 211 · 2014: 246 · 2013: 257 · 2012: 266
- FWCI
- 78.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Keywords
- polyphenols, bioavailability, bioefficacy, plasma concentration, urinary excretion, polyphenol metabolism, absorption kinetics, gallic acid, isoflavones, catechins, flavanones, quercetin glucosides, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, degenerative disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthocyanins, Biological Availability, Female, Flavonoids, Food Analysis, Half-Life, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Isoflavones, Male, Phenols, Area Under Curve, Polyphenols
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