PanglaoDB: a web server for exploration of mouse and human single-cell RNA sequencing data
Open accessAbstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is an increasingly used method to measure gene expression at the single cell level and build cell-type atlases of tissues. Hundreds of single-cell sequencing datasets have already been published. However, studies are frequently deposited as raw data, a format difficult to access for biological researchers due to the need for data processing using complex computational pipelines. We have implemented an online database, PanglaoDB, accessible through a user-friendly interface that can be used to explore published mouse and human single cell RNA sequencing studies. PanglaoDB contains pre-processed and pre-computed analyses from more than 1054 single-cell experiments covering most major single cell platforms and protocols, based on more than 4 million cells from a wide range of tissues and organs. The online interface allows users to query and explore cell types, genetic pathways and regulatory networks. In addition, we have established a community-curated cell-type marker compendium, containing more than 6000 gene-cell-type associations, as a resource for automatic annotation of cell types.
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Cell type annotations were supported by expression patterns of curated marker genes.
“Annotations were supported by expression patterns of curated marker genes16,17 (Extended Data Fig. 1e; Supplementary Table S2).”
From APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Unannotated clusters in human skin tumor scRNA-seq were manually annotated via established marker gene expression and clonal copy number variation profiles.
“Unannotated clusters (presumed to reflect one of tumor, cancer-associated fibroblast or endothelial cells) were manually annotated via established marker gene expression98 and clonal copy number variation profiles, examined using the inferCNV114 package for R.”
From Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [98]
Four housekeeping genes (GUSB, PPIA, RPL15, RPL19) with minimal variation on GC treatment were selected for RT-PCR normalization on the basis of a literature review and differential expression analysis in ENCODE RNA-seq data.
“Four housekeeping genes (GUSB, PPIA, RPL15, RPL19) with minimal variation on GC treatment were selected on the basis of a literature review98 and differential expression analysis in ENCODE RNA-seq data (accession ENCSR897XFT), implemented in edgeR.”
From Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [98]
The Results and discussion section describes an index of genes involved in housekeeping tasks, but does not identify GUSB, PPIA, RPL15, or RPL19 as RT-PCR normalization genes. Searches for those genes, GC-treatment stability, a literature review supporting their selection, and the specified ENCODE analysis found no passage addressing the attributed selection; the paper’s Materials and methods instead describes single-cell RNA-seq analyses. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Han, X., Hu, R., Ping, X., Chen, J., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Jin, X., Gao, X., Lin, M., Zhao, Y., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71908
Park, J. H., Kim, B., Al‐Amin, M. M., Tate, M. D., Sharify, A. D., John, S. K., Karahan, H., Lu, H., Dabin, L. C., & Kim, J. (2026) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71742
“2.0), 32 PanglaoDB, 33 and Semi-Automated Hand Annotation (SAHA, v0.”
InfluentialAcri, D. J., Mustaklem, R., Horan-Portelance, L., Dabin, L. C., Park, J. H., Hartigan, K. A., Kersey, H. N., Mesecar, M. E., Gibbs, J. R., Cookson, M. R., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741795
“…the two clusters which were depleted in a mouse model of amyloidosis 35 with the deletion of an E3 ubiquitin ligase (IDOL) (clusters 10 and 22) were both annotated as Somatostatin positive chondrolectin expressing inhibitory neurons (056 Sst Chodl Gaba), a distinct subtype of neurons…”
- Authors
- Franzén, O., Gan, L.-M., & Björkegren, J. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- AstraZeneca (Sweden) (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Franzén, Oscar
- Venue
- Database
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-01-01
- Volume
- 2019
- ISSN
- 1758-0463 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6450036
- OpenAlex
- W2931036699
- Cited by
- 1,551
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 231 · 2025: 336 · 2024: 314 · 2023: 258 · 2022: 191 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 34.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Database (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Karolinska Institutet
- AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre
- Fondation Leducq—Transantlantic PlaqOmics Network
- Hjärt-och Lungfonden (20170265)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2018-02529)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- single-cell RNA sequencing, web server, mice, human, cell type atlas, cell type markers, cell type annotation, gene regulatory networks, gene pathways, gene expression in tissues
- MeSH terms
- RNA-Seq, Animals, Humans, RNA, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Mice
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