Cited by 134Gut microbiota and healthNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Dysregulated bile acid synthesis and dysbiosis are implicated in Western diet-induced systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity

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Jena, Prasant Kumar, Sheng, Lili, Di Lucente, Jacopo, Jin, Lee‐Way, Maezawa, Izumi, Wan, Yu‐Jui Yvonne·2018·The FASEB Journal

Abstract

The goal of this study was to identify the intrinsic links that explain the effect of a Western diet (WD) on cognitive dysfunction. Specific pathogen-free, wild-type mice were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high-fat, high-sucrose WD after weaning and were euthanized at 10 mo of age to study the pathways that affect cognitive health. The results showed that long-term WD intake reduced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the brain and isolated microglia. A WD also activated ERK1/2 and reduced postsynaptic density-95 in the brain, suggesting postsynaptic damage. Moreover, WD-fed mice had increased inflammatory signaling in the brain, ileum, liver, adipose tissue, and spleen, which was accompanied by microglia activation. In the brain, as well as in the digestive tract, a WD reduced signaling regulated by retinoic acid and bile acids (BAs), whose receptors form heterodimers to control metabolism and inflammation. Furthermore, a WD intake caused dysbiosis and dysregulated BA synthesis with reduced endogenous ligands for BA receptors, i.e., farnesoid X receptor and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor in the liver and brain. Together, dysregulated BA synthesis and dysbiosis were accompanied by systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity induced by WD.-Jena, P. K., Sheng, L., Di Lucente, J., Jin, L.-W., Maezawa, I., Wan, Y.-J. Y. Dysregulated bile acid synthesis and dysbiosis are implicated in Western diet-induced systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity.

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  • Bile acids, generated by hepatic and bacterial enzymes to aid lipid digestion, may be involved in the fat-microbiota interaction effect on brain function.

    “Bile acids, which are generated by hepatic and bacterial enzymes to aid in lipid digestion, may be involved in the fat-microbiota interaction effect on brain function (406).”
  • Shifts in the gut microbiota induced by a Western diet resulted in neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic plasticity via dysregulation of bile acid synthesis and disruption of TGR5 signaling.

    “recent experimental data suggested that shifts in the gut microbiota induced by a Western diet resulted in neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic plasticity via dysregulation of bile acid synthesis, and disruption of TGR5 signaling (406).”

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  1. [76]McMillin M., Frampton G., Tobin R., Dusio G., Smith J., Shin H., Newell-Rogers K., Grant S., DeMorrow S. (2015) TGR5 signaling reduces neuroinflammation during hepatic encephalopathy. J. Neurochem. 135, 565–576 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Jena, P. K., Sheng, L., Di Lucente, J., Jin, L., Maezawa, I., & Wan, Y. Y.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute University of California Davis Sacramento, California USA
Corresponding author
Wan, Yu‐Jui Yvonne
Venue
The FASEB Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-01-10
Volume
32
Issue
5
Pages
2866-2877
ISSN
  • 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-6860
OpenAlex
W2793463729
Cited by
134
References
112
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7
FWCI
4.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Cancer Institute (U01CA179582)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords
Western diet, bile acid synthesis, gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, microglial activation, neuroplasticity, cognitive impairment, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ERK signaling, PSD-95, retinoic acid signaling, farnesoid X receptor, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, high-fat high-sugar diet, gut-brain axis
MeSH terms
Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Hippocampus, Inflammation, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Tretinoin, Microglia, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Mice, Dysbiosis, Diet, Western

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