Dysregulated bile acid synthesis and dysbiosis are implicated in Western diet-induced systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity
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The goal of this study was to identify the intrinsic links that explain the effect of a Western diet (WD) on cognitive dysfunction. Specific pathogen-free, wild-type mice were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high-fat, high-sucrose WD after weaning and were euthanized at 10 mo of age to study the pathways that affect cognitive health. The results showed that long-term WD intake reduced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the brain and isolated microglia. A WD also activated ERK1/2 and reduced postsynaptic density-95 in the brain, suggesting postsynaptic damage. Moreover, WD-fed mice had increased inflammatory signaling in the brain, ileum, liver, adipose tissue, and spleen, which was accompanied by microglia activation. In the brain, as well as in the digestive tract, a WD reduced signaling regulated by retinoic acid and bile acids (BAs), whose receptors form heterodimers to control metabolism and inflammation. Furthermore, a WD intake caused dysbiosis and dysregulated BA synthesis with reduced endogenous ligands for BA receptors, i.e., farnesoid X receptor and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor in the liver and brain. Together, dysregulated BA synthesis and dysbiosis were accompanied by systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity induced by WD.-Jena, P. K., Sheng, L., Di Lucente, J., Jin, L.-W., Maezawa, I., Wan, Y.-J. Y. Dysregulated bile acid synthesis and dysbiosis are implicated in Western diet-induced systemic inflammation, microglial activation, and reduced neuroplasticity.
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Bile acids, generated by hepatic and bacterial enzymes to aid lipid digestion, may be involved in the fat-microbiota interaction effect on brain function.
“Bile acids, which are generated by hepatic and bacterial enzymes to aid in lipid digestion, may be involved in the fat-microbiota interaction effect on brain function (406).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [406]
Shifts in the gut microbiota induced by a Western diet resulted in neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic plasticity via dysregulation of bile acid synthesis and disruption of TGR5 signaling.
“recent experimental data suggested that shifts in the gut microbiota induced by a Western diet resulted in neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic plasticity via dysregulation of bile acid synthesis, and disruption of TGR5 signaling (406).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [406]
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Brain-Gut and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication in Type-2 Diabetes Linked Alzheimer’s Disease
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Bile acid modulation by gut microbiota: a bridge to understanding cognitive health
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Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health
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Uncovering the Gut–Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice
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Self-citationThe contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy
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Self-citationRetinoic Acid Signaling Is Compromised in DSS-Induced Dysbiosis
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Decoding TGR5: A comprehensive review of its impact on cerebral diseases
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Prebiotics and the Modulation on the Microbiota-GALT-Brain Axis
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Environmental Stressors and Neuroinflammation: Linking Climate Change to Alzheimer’s Disease
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Multi-pathway targeted therapy of MASH-HCC using miR-22
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Self-citationGlucosinolates and their bioactive metabolites as functional compounds modulating inflammation
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Industrialized diets modulate host eating behavior via the microbiome–gut–brain axis
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jena, P. K., Sheng, L., Di Lucente, J., Jin, L., Maezawa, I., & Wan, Y. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute University of California Davis Sacramento, California USA
- Corresponding author
- Wan, Yu‐Jui Yvonne
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2866-2877
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- PMC
- PMC5901391
- OpenAlex
- W2793463729
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA179582)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Western diet, bile acid synthesis, gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, microglial activation, neuroplasticity, cognitive impairment, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ERK signaling, PSD-95, retinoic acid signaling, farnesoid X receptor, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, high-fat high-sugar diet, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Hippocampus, Inflammation, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Tretinoin, Microglia, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Mice, Dysbiosis, Diet, Western
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