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A human coronavirus evolves antigenically to escape antibody immunity
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009453
Abstract
There is intense interest in antibody immunity to coronaviruses. However, it is unknown if coronaviruses evolve to escape such immunity, and if so, how rapidly. Here we address this question by characterizing the historical evolution of human coronavirus 229E. We identify human sera from the 1980s and 1990s that have neutralizing titers against contemporaneous 229E that are comparable to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We test these sera against 229E strains isolated after sera collection, and find that neutralizing titers are lower against these “future” viruses. In some cases, sera that neutralize contemporaneous 229E viral strains with titers >1:100 do not detectably neutralize strains isolated 8–17 years later. The decreased neutralization of “future” viruses is due to antigenic evolution of the viral spike, especially in the receptor-binding domain. If these results extrapolate to other coronaviruses, then it may be advisable to periodically update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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“In addition, similar results have been reported by others using vaccinee and convalescent plasmas and a variety of different pseudotype and authentic virus assays15,31,45–49.”
From mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
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Dingens, A. S., Crawford, K. H. D., Adler, A., Steele, S. L., Lacombe, K., Eguia, R. T., Amanat, F., Walls, A. C., Wolf, C. R., Murphy, M., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18178-1 · Cited by 69
Self-citationEvolution of Viral Genomes: Interplay Between Selection, Recombination, and Other Forces
Pond, S. L. K., Murrell, B., & Poon, A. F. Y. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-585-5_10 · Cited by 68
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Muñoz-Alía, M. Á., Nace, R. A., Zhang, L., & Russell, S. J. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100225 · Cited by 60
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Antigenic Maps of Influenza A(H3N2) Produced With Human Antisera Obtained After Primary Infection
Fonville, J. M., Fraaij, P. L. A., de Mutsert, G., Wilks, S., van Beek, R., Fouchier, R. A. M., & Rimmelzwaan, G. F. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv367 · Cited by 42
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Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists after mild COVID-19
Rodda, L. B., Netland, J., Shehata, L., Pruner, K. B., Morwaski, P. A., Thouvenel, C. D., Takehara, K. K., Eggenberger, J., Hemann, E. A., Waterman, H. R., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.62.06 · Cited by 18
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Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 101 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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Cited by
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mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants
Wang, Z., Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Muecksch, F., Barnes, C. O., Finkin, S., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Cipolla, M., Gaebler, C., Lieberman, J. A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03324-6 · Cited by 1,343
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Greaney, A. J., Loes, A. N., Crawford, K. H. D., Starr, T. N., Malone, K. D., Chu, H. Y., & Bloom, J. D. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003 · Cited by 1,178
Self-citationThe biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Tao, K., Tzou, P. L., Nouhin, J., Gupta, R. K., de Oliveira, T., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Fera, D., & Shafer, R. W. (2021) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x · Cited by 1,009
SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Eguia, R., Crawford, K. H. D., Stevens-Ayers, T., Kelnhofer-Millevolte, L., Greninger, A. L., Englund, J. A., Boeckh, M. J., & Bloom, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bloom, Jesse D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-12-18
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1009453-e1009453
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8031418
- OpenAlex
- W3144378969
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 17.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
- Moderna
- National Institutes of Health
- Sanofi Pasteur
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007266)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI127893, F30AI149928, R01AI141707)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- HCoV-229E, antigenic evolution, antibody escape, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, receptor binding domain, coronavirus evolution
- MeSH terms
- SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Coronavirus 229E, Human, Immune Evasion, Antibodies, Neutralizing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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